scholarly journals Efektifitas Latihan Progressive Muscle Relaxation Menurunkan Respon Stress Psiko-Fisiologis Pada Mahasiswa Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ary Astuty
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Progressive Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Small Talk ◽  
Relaxation Stress ◽  
Critical Appraisal Tool ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Latar Belakang: Perubahan pola aktivitas dan perubahan lingkungan belajar menjadi pemicu stress pada mahasiswa yang melibatkan reaksi psiko-fisiologis. Salah satu intervensi keperawatan yang sering digunakan di klinik untuk mereduksi dampak stress adalah Progresive Muscle Relaxation/PMR, sehingga perlu dilakukan sistematic review untuk mengetahui apakah latihan PMR lebih efektif daripada terapi relaksasi lainnya dalam mereduksi dampak stress psiko-fisiologis. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui keefektifan latihan PMR daripada terapi relaksasi lainnya dalam mereduksi dampak stress psiko-fisiologis. Metode: Systematic review dilaksanakan dengan menelusuri artikel pada database psychology and behavior sciences collection, googlescholar, gen.lib.rus.ec serta sciencedirect.com dengan kata kunci yang dipilih. Penelusuran dibatasi terbitan 2004-2017 yang dapat diakses fulltext dalam format pdf dengan desain RCT dan Case Control yang dilakukan pada mahasiswa. Perlakuan berupa PMR dibandingkan dengan terapi relaksasi lainnya dalam menurunkan tingkat stress, tingkat kecemasan dan kadar cortisol. Artikel yang sesuai kemudian dianalisis menggunakan critical appraisal tool yang sesuai untuk hasil penelitian RCT maupun Case Control untuk menilai kualitas penelitian. Data-data diekstraksi dari artikel lalu dikelompokkan untuk dibahas dan disimpulkan. Hasil: Tiga dari 5 buah artikel memiliki kualitas tinggi dan yang lainnya sedang.  Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa latihan PMR lebih efektif menurunkan tingkat stress, tingkat kecemasan dan kadar cortisol pada mahasiswa daripada terapi relaksasi lainnya: pernapasan diafragma, latihan autogenik, small talk grup dan yoga stretching (hatha). Latihan PMR yang paling efektif dilaksanakan selama 30 menit dalam 1 hari dan apabila diterapkan 1 hari dalam seminggu selama 4 minggu akan meningkatkan tingkat relaksasi dan meningkatkan pelepasan energi. Pengulangan sampai 5 minggu dapat meningkatkan indeks kebahagiaan dan ketenangan mental.Kesimpulan: latihan PMR lebih efektif daripada terapi relaksasi lainnya dalam mereduksi dampak stress psiko-fisiologis..                                                                                                            Keywords : progressive muscle relaxation, stress, kecemasan, cortisol, mahasiswa

scholarly journals Evidence of Second Canal between Permanent Mandibular Central and Lateral Incisors in China; a Systematic Review on CBCT Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nyan M. Aung ◽  
Kyaw K. Myint
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Critical Appraisal Tool ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Introduction. Evidence of second canal in permanent mandibular incisors is frequently questioned in dentistry. The difference in evidence between the two teeth is an interesting argument across different countries and ethnicities. So the aim of the systematic review was to investigate the evidence of second canal between permanent mandibular central and lateral incisors in China. Materials and Methods. The papers were selected from the electronic databases and hand searching according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All qualified studies were judged by the reviewers. The selected studies were checked with Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool for prevalence studies. Finally, three studies were selected for the review and meta-analyses. The proportion of the second canal with its confidence interval and forest plot for the meta-analyses were calculated. Results. The evidences of second canal in permanent mandibular central and lateral incisors in China were 5.6% and 14.1%. Only one study reported bilateral symmetry of the second canal as 58.7% and 76.1% in the two types of teeth. Out of all canal anatomies, Vertucci’s type ΙΙΙ was dominant comprising 4.1% and 11.2% together with other second-canal types comprising 1.4% and 3% in permanent mandibular central and lateral incisors. When the proportions were meta-analyzed, mandibular central incisors had been less numerous OR = 0.35 [0.31, 0.40], 0.33[0.28, 0.39], and 0.42 [0.22, 0.79] in the evidence of second canal, of Type ΙΙΙ, and of other types except Type ΙΙΙ than mandibular lateral incisors in China. Out of all second-canal anatomies, Type ΙΙΙ presented 72.5% and 78.9% along with other second-canal types comprising 24.3% and 21.1% in the two teeth in China. Discussion. There was the evidence of second canal which deviated toward the permanent mandibular lateral incisor also in case of bilateral symmetry, the prevalence of Vertucci’s Type ΙΙΙ, and other second-canal types out of all canal anatomies.

A critical appraisal tool for library and information research

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Glynn
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Information Research ◽  
Critical Appraisal Tool ◽  
Appraisal Tool

scholarly journals Prevalence of falls and associated factors in community-dwelling older Brazilians: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Elias Filho ◽  
Wyngrid Porfirio Borel ◽  
Juliano Bergamaschine Mata Diz ◽  
Alexandre Wesley Carvalho Barbosa ◽  
Raquel Rodrigues Britto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Critical Appraisal Tool ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Falls determine huge epidemiological, clinical, and economic burden in the older population worldwide, presenting high odds of severe disability. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of falls and associated factors in older Brazilians using a systematic review with meta-analysis. Searches were performed in SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO databases with no date or language restrictions. Studies on community-dwelling older persons aged ≥ 60 years from both sexes and with a sample size of ≥ 300 participants included. Exclusion criteria were studies conducted specifically for older adults diagnosed with chronic disabling diseases that predispose them to falls. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using a critical appraisal tool focusing on prevalence designs. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the prevalence of falls across studies. Exploratory analysis was conducted examining subgroup estimates, prevalence ratios and meta-regression. Thirty-seven studies involving 58,597 participants were included. Twelve-month prevalence of falls was 27% (95%CI: 24.3-30.0), with significantly higher estimates in female than male (PR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.32-1.86), in age group ≥ 80 years than age group 60-69 years (PR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.15-1.84), and in participants from the Central region than participants from the South region (PR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.10-1.69) of Brazil. Risk of bias scores did not impact heterogeneity in the 12-month meta-analysis. These estimates strongly support evidence-based public interventions to prevent falls in older Brazilians, especially in women and the oldest-old population.

Probiotic supplementation in well children: A scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Irwin ◽  
Deborah Davis ◽  
Marian Currie
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Perceived Efficacy ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Critical Appraisal Tool ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Probiotic supplements have been suggested as therapy for a range of health problems in children. This article aims to map the literature around probiotic use in well children, with a focus on prevalence. Using a scoping review methodology, we searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, HealthSource and SAGE, as well as Google and MedNar for grey literature, in July 2018. We followed the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews and used the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool to assess articles for quality. Seven studies including a total of 24,742 children were identified. The prevalence of probiotic use ranged from 4% to 51%. The most common predictors of use were parental probiotic use, and higher maternal education and income. Only one small study reported the strains of probiotics used. Neither the reasons for using probiotics, nor parental perceptions of efficacy were adequately explored. Most parents obtained their information about probiotics from the Internet or family members. Despite the number of children in the community reported to have used probiotics, there are few well-designed and/or well-reported studies of prevalence, and inadequate data concerning the strains of probiotics used, reasons for their use and their perceived efficacy.

A general critical appraisal tool: An evaluation of construct validity

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1505-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Crowe ◽  
Lorraine Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Critical Appraisal Tool ◽  
Appraisal Tool

scholarly journals A Systematic Review Investigating the Presence of Inflammatory Synovitis in Hip and Knee Joint Replacement Surgery

Arthritis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Hosny ◽  
Francesco Strambi ◽  
Nidhi Sofat ◽  
Richard Field
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Joint Replacement ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Joint Replacement Surgery ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Synovial tissue can display an inflammatory response in the presence of OA. There is increasing interest to better understand the role of inflammation in OA, particularly with regard to those who require joint replacement. A systematic review of inflammatory synovitis in OA of literature databases was undertaken from their inception until October 14, 2014. Independent critical appraisal of each study was undertaken using the CASP appraisal tool. From a total of sixty-six identified citations, twenty-three studies were deemed eligible for review. The studies presented moderate to strong methodological quality. Strong correlation was identified between histological and imaging synovitis severity. Correlation was weaker between clinical symptoms and imaging and/or histological synovitis severity. There was little consensus, with regard to expressed cytokines and chemokines at the different stages of OA disease progression. Few studies investigated the influence of inflammatory synovitis on the outcome of major joint replacement. Research into inflammatory synovitis in OA is an emerging field. Longitudinal studies applying proven imaging modalities, histological analysis, and longer follow-up are required in order to further define our understanding of the role of synovitis in the pathogenesis of OA and its effects on outcomes following major joint replacement.

scholarly journals A critical appraisal of the literature exploring the surgical treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Silva ◽  
L. Miguel Carreira ◽  
Telmo Nunes ◽  
François Saulnier-Troff
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Critical Appraisal Tool ◽  
Objective Outcome ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Objective: To critically appraise the literature exploring the surgical treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs. Background: Several surgical procedures to treat degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) in the dog have been reported, however, definitive criteria for surgical technique preference are currently lacking (1). Evidentiary value and methods: A critical appraisal tool that examined the conduct and reporting of studies on the results of surgical treatment of DLSS was designed and, after a systematic search and screening of the literature, a critical appraisal was performed in 20 papers. Results: Results showed that 18/20 studies included did not clearly report inclusion and exclusion criteria and in 14/20 it was unclear whether consecutive inclusion of participants was applied. 19/20 studies reported age, breed, and sex of the participants, and 13/20 did not report duration and prevalence of clinical signs. In 13/20 studies, it was considered that the condition was not measured in a standard and reliable way. Objective outcome measures were used in 7/20 studies. Conclusion and application: The results demonstrate that there is room for improvement in the conduct and reporting quality of case series so that rigorous data can be generated and analysed, to inform research design, guide clinical practice, and improve veterinary healthcare delivery.  

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