scholarly journals STUDY OF THE SIZE OF THE CORONOID PROCESS OF MANDIBULE

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-815
Author(s):  
Svetlana Jovevska ◽  
Sanja Baldzieva
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Coronoid Process ◽  
Condyloid Process ◽  
Forensic Scientists ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pterygoid Muscles ◽  
Muscles Of Mastication ◽  
Functional Stress ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Important Structure

The mandible serves as an important structure in relation to mastication as all the muscles of mastication are attached to it. The Coronoid process is the anterior bony projected part of ramus of mandible giving attachment to two important muscles of mastication. The aim of our study was to observe the variation in the size of coronoid process in relation to its side (laterality), shape, age and sex. The material for this study comprised of 80 (160 sides) dry human mandibles. The age and sex differentiating criteria were detailed in materials and methods. The size of coronoid process was found to be approximately 1.5 mm longer on the right side than on the left side; 0.01 mm longer in males than females and 0.01 mm longer in dentulous than in edentulous. Triangular coronoid process was found to be the longest followed by round and then hook shaped. Male hormonal impact on muscle growth, bone remodeling and psychology probably lead to enhanced functional stress on mandible due to mastication as compared to that in females. Pterygoid muscles are involved mainly in side to side movement and Masseter-Temporalis (M-T) component in the robust vertical thrust during mastication for crushing. The condyloid process is for pterygoid and M-T-Coronoid Lever complex engenders the proportionate sexual dimorphism as observed in this study. Poor crushing activity in the edentulous is also corroborated in our observation.This comparative study is a pioneer study which will be beneficial for the Anthropologists, Forensic scientists and Reconstructive surgeons.

Changes in the muscles of mastication before and after primary stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Mohammed ◽  
Yi-Chieh Hung ◽  
Thomas J. Eluvathingal Muttikkal ◽  
Roy C. Bliley ◽  
Zhiyuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Motor Neuropathy ◽  
Significant Pain ◽  
Medial Pterygoid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pterygoid Muscles ◽  
Masseter Muscles ◽  
Muscles Of Mastication ◽  
New Onset

OBJECTIVEThe motor root of the trigeminal nerve runs close to the sensory root and receives considerable radiation during Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The object of this study was to evaluate via MRI the changes in the muscles of mastication before and after upfront GKRS in patients with idiopathic TN.METHODSIn this single-institution retrospective cohort study, all patients with idiopathic unilateral TN treated with primary GKRS at the University of Virginia in the period from 2007 to 2017 were included provided that they had pre- and post-GKRS MRI data. The thicknesses of the temporalis, pterygoid, and masseter muscles were measured on both pre- and post-GKRS MRI in a blinded fashion. Changes in the muscles like fatty infiltration, MRI signal, or atrophy were noted.RESULTSAmong the 68 patients eligible for inclusion in the study, 136 temporalis muscles, 136 medial pterygoid muscles, 136 lateral pterygoid muscles, and 136 masseter muscles were assessed. A subset of patients was found to have muscle atrophy even prior to GKRS. Pre-GKRS atrophy of the masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, and temporalis muscles was seen in 18 (26%), 16 (24%), 9 (13%), and 16 (24%) patients, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that distribution of pain in the V3 territory (p = 0.01, OR 5.43, 95% CI 1.46–20.12) and significant pain on chewing (p = 0.02, OR 5.32, 95% CI 1.25–22.48) were predictive of pre-GKRS atrophy. Reversal of atrophy of these muscles occurred after GKRS in a majority of the patients. The incidence of new-onset permanent post-GKRS muscle atrophy was 1.5%. The median follow-up was 39 months (range 6–108 months).CONCLUSIONSA subset of patients with TN with significant pain on chewing have pre-GKRS disuse atrophy of the muscles of mastication. A reversal of the atrophy occurs in a majority of the patients following GKRS. New-onset motor neuropathy post-GKRS was rare.

scholarly journals Remarks on Correlations and Implications of the Mandibular Structure and Diet in Some Seals (Mammalia, Phocidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Koretsky ◽  
S.J. Rahmat ◽  
N. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Mandibular Ramus ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Angle Function ◽  
The Family ◽  
Condyloid Process ◽  
Size Ofthe ◽  
Mandibular Morphology ◽  
Process Measurements ◽  
Muscles Of Mastication

Abstract Remarks on Correlations and Implications of the Mandibular Structure and Diet in Some Seals (Mammalia, Phocidae). Koretsky, I. A., Rahmat, S. J., Peters, N. — The diverse representatives of Recent seals within the three extant subfamilies (Cystophorinae, Phocinae, Monachinae) of the family Phocidae exhibit dietary variations among species, feeding on invertebrates and a diversity of prey depending on the season and availability. To explain this variability, an introductory morphological examination of the mandibular structure of Recent seals from each subfamily was performed, focusing on: heights of the mandibular ramus and condyloid process; measurements of the masseteric fossa; and attachments of muscles of mastication. After measuring the condyloid angles (the inclination of the condyloid process in relation to the axis of the alveolar row) among the examined species, a correlation between the size ofthe angle, function, and diet was recognized. Seals with a tall mandibular ramus and greater condyloid angle (Cystophorinae) feed on larger-sized prey, while seals with a shorter ramus and lesser condyloid angle feed on small (Monachinae) to medium-sized (Phocinae) prey, regardless of the overall size of the seal. This study focused on the mandibular morphology of some living and fossil representatives of Phocidae, providing an association between functional and ecological interpretations of modern seals in general and extrapolating this knowledge for fossil dietary preference.

scholarly journals Estimation of ulna length as a predictor of height in Nepalese male adult population

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Rajendra Prasad Sah ◽  
Gopal Rana ◽  
Ravi Kumar Bhaskar
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Scatter Plot ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Physical Description ◽  
Forensic Scientists ◽  
The Right ◽  
Living Adult

Introduction: Stature estimation from the skeletal remains bears immense importance for the anatomist, an­thropologist for the forensic experts. It is conventionally used long bones, the humerus, femur, tibia, etc. Ulna has also been used for the said purpose since 1952. An attempt was made to formulate a linear regression equation for the estimation of the stature of living adult population from the lengths of their ulna. Methods: This study was conducted in the M.B. Kedia Dental College Birgunj from January 2017 to December 2017and participants were chosen from among the patients and their attendants in the OPD. The height was measured from the crown to the heel and the length of the ulna was measured from the tip of the olecranon process to the tip of the styloid process. The documented data was calculated by the standard statistical software. Results: The parameters were tabulated and statistically analyzed. The correlation coefficient (r) was found to be 0.399 (p<0.001) for the left ulna with stature and it was 0.486 (p<0.001) for the right ulna with stature. Supportive regression equations and scatter-plot diagrams could successfully interpret the height from the ulna length of the adult male population. Conclusion: The ulna being almost a percutaneous bone, it can be used for the prediction of the height. The ulna length provides an accurate and reliable means in estimating the height of an individual. The regression formulae which were proposed in this study will be useful for clinicians, anatomists, archeologists, anthropologists and forensic scientists when such evidence provides the investigator the only op­portunity to gauge that aspect of an individual’s physical description.

scholarly journals A case of unilateral atrophy of the masseter, temporal, medial pterygoid muscles and coronoid process.

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamasa MATSUO ◽  
Hiroaki MATSUURA ◽  
Takahisa TSUKAMOTO ◽  
Makoto TAKAISHI ◽  
Takao IMAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronoid Process ◽  
Medial Pterygoid ◽  
Pterygoid Muscles

Inter-relationships of Metacarpals 1 to 5, Regarding Their Length, Metaphyseal Midshaft Width, Articular Surface Area of Head and Base, Age, and Sex: A Cadaveric Study

Hand ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 155894471988002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Sephien ◽  
Claire F. Bethel ◽  
Danielle Gulick ◽  
Christa Nairn ◽  
Felicia Ourn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Screw Design ◽  
Surgical Implants ◽  
Fixation Techniques ◽  
The Right ◽  
Metacarpal Dimensions ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Metacarpal factures are common, comprising up to 50% of hand fractures. More work is needed to further our understanding of metacarpal anatomy to improve fixation techniques and reduce postoperative complications following surgical implants. The purpose of this anatomic study was to evaluate the length, midshaft metaphyseal width, and area of the articular surface of the head (AH) and base (AB) of metacarpals 1 to 5. Methods: This prospective study assessed measures from 17 cadavers at 1 institution’s anatomy lab. The anatomic dimensions of the metacarpals in both the right and left hands were measured. Epidemiological data including sex and age at death were also collected. Results: In all, 29 hands were dissected for metacarpal anatomic measurements, for a total of 145 metacarpals. The second metacarpal was longest, at 69.58 mm. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of sex overall, with greater metacarpal dimensions in men. Increasing age was associated with decreasing dimensions, except for AH of metacarpal 1 ( F = 3.43, P = .02) and AB of metacarpal 1 ( F = 11.54, P < .001) and 4 ( F = 4.21, P = .01). Multiple metacarpal dimensions were also significantly correlated with each other. Conclusion: Our data reveal further information regarding metacarpal dimensions of length, midshaft width, and AH and AB. The results allow for potential to improve surgical management through improving metacarpal implants, developing an optimal plate and screw design, techniques to better accommodate anatomical differences based on age and sex, reducing postoperative complications and improving the standard of care.

scholarly journals Tubercles of transverse process of atlas with its developmental correlations

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Krishna Gopal ◽  
. Anurag ◽  
Jolly Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Present Observation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Atlas is the first cervical vertebra. The transverse process of atlas homologous with the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of a typical cervical vertebra. There is a controversy about the development of the tip of the transverse process of atlas vertebra.Methods: The 300 human dry atlas vertebra or 600 transverse processes were selected from the anthropology museum of department of anatomy, SRMS medical college Bareilly and SGRRIM &HS Dehradun, Uttaranchal, India. The age and sex of the vertebrae were not taken into consideration. The tip of the Transverse process of atlas vertebrae was examined for its variants like having anterior and posterior tubercles like the typical cervical vertebrae.Results: The anterior and posterior tubercles of the transverse process and the status of foramen transversarium were observed in 300 atlas vertebrae. In 1.33% of specimen the tips of the transverse process having bilateral anterior and posterior tubercles. In 0.83% of specimen transverse process having anterior and posterior tubercles on the left side and in 1% on the right side. The total percentages of transverse processes with anterior and posterior tubercles were found in 3.17% of specimens.Conclusions: In present observation the tip of the transverse process of atlas presenting the feature of a typical cervical vertebra (with Anterior and posterior tubercles) observed in 3.17% of specimen. This study may be helpful for the embryologist, neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons.

scholarly journals Medial compartment disease in a young Large Munsterlander

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
E. Coppieters ◽  
Y. Samoy ◽  
P. Pey ◽  
T. Waelbers ◽  
B. Van Ryssen
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Coronoid Process ◽  
Medial Compartment ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Arthroscopic Examination ◽  
The Right ◽  
Humeral Condyle ◽  
Strong Suspicion

Medial compartment disease (MCD) is a recently recognized elbow disorder in dogs and refers to extensive cartilage erosions of the medial compartment of the elbow joint. This report describes a case of MCD in a 10- month-old Large Munsterlander that was presented with right frontleg lameness. Based on signalement, history and radiographic examination, there was a strong suspicion of a fragmented coronoid process (FCP) of the right elbow. However, arthroscopic examination revealed extensive cartilage erosions of the medial part of the humeral condyle and the medial coronoid process in addition to a small coronoid fragment (FCP) and a small OCD-like lesion. After the arthroscopic treatment, the dog did not improve. Neither did additional treatment with autologous conditioned plasma (Arthrex ACP®) lead to a substantial improvement. Finally, the dog was euthanized because of persistent lameness.

scholarly journals Leg Length Discrepancies in Nigerian Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Eneh Chizoma Ihuarula
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽  
Medial Malleolus ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
P Values ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Female Subjects

Background: Sickle cell anaemia, (SCA) the homozygous and most severe of the sickle cell diseases exerts adverse effects on growth and linear body proportions. In Nigeria, these changes in the lower extremity are scarcely documented. Objectives: To evaluate the differences between the real leg lengths and apparent leg lengths determined by tape measure among children with SCA. Methods: A clinic-based, cross-sectional, comparative study of 140 age and sex matched “SS” and “AA” children. The real leg lengths, anterior superior iliac spine to medial malleolus and to the heel, the apparent leg length, umbilicus to the medial malleolus were measured with a plastic tape and recorded.  Leg length discrepancy (LLD), the arithmetric differences between corresponding leg lengths were recorded and classified into nil (0), mild (<2cm), moderate (2-5cm) and severe (>5cm). Results: At the medial malleolus, the subjects had more mild and moderate Real LLD than controls while more controls than subjects had nil Real LLD (p = .033). Both right and left real leg lengths were significantly shorter in the 6-9 year old subjects especially the males, all female subjects, all 10-13 year olds subjects more so the females than their respective counterparts. (All p values < 0.05) Similarly, the right and left leg lengths at the heel were significantly shorter in subjects of the same age and sex groups as above than all their respective counterparts. (P values < 0.05). However, male subjects had only the right real leg length significantly shorter than those of the controls. Real LLD: ASIS-MM was significantly higher in 10-13 year old female subjects, real LLD: ASIS-HEEL in 14-18 year old subjects than the controls. The right and left apparent leg length were significantly lower in all 10-13 year old subjects as well as 10-13 year old female subjects than the respective matches. All p values were < 0.05. No significant difference existed in the apparent LLD comparisons.

scholarly journals TÉCNICA DE LARSON ORIGINAL MODIFICADA PARA LA RECONSTRUCCIÓN DEL LIGAMENTO COLATERAL LATERAL DE LA RODILLA, REPORTE DE UN CASO.

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Mario Carlos Morales Viteri ◽  
Luis Francisco Llerena Freire ◽  
Karen Estefanía Benavides Vargas ◽  
Daniel Alejandro Álvarez Guerrero ◽  
Cristina Elizabeth Heredia Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Posterolateral Complex ◽  
The Right ◽  
Static Stabilizer ◽  
Important Structure

The lateral collateral ligament (LCL), which is part of the knee stabilizers, constitutes an important structure within the posterolateral complex of the same (CPL), which restricts the varus, in the flexion angles of this, especially at 30°, in addition to controlling external rotation. Lesions that affect this complex are infrequent, etiologically between 50-90% are associated with other ligamentous injuries with a predominance of 60% damage to the posterior cruciate ligament. The Larson technique is based on the reconstruction of the LCL and the popliteal complex, using a single proximal insertion in the femoral epicondyle.We present the case of a 28-year-old male patient, with no medical history, who attended due to a forced varus of the limb while performing sports activity and after receiving a direct impact on the internal lateral region of the right calf, after which he presented pain to passive movements and inability to ambulation. In addition, he presents ecchymosis, edema, superficial abrasions on the external lateral aspect and pain on acupressure in the course of the external collateral ligament. A knee examination maneuvers: positive varus yawn sign, positive patellar brushing, positive patella hyperpressure, functional limitation to flexion and extension of the joint.This modified Larson technique turns out to be one of the most promising due to its various characteristics, as the least demanding and at the same time providing encouraging results. This procedure is based on the reconstruction of the LCL and the popliteal tendon (PT) as a whole, thus summarizing the reconstruction of the Peroneal Popliteal Ligament (LPP) as a static stabilizer of the PT, with its insertion at the level of the head of the fibula in conjunction with the of the LCL and the restitution of both attachments in the femoral epicondyle, taking into account the morphology of the fibula and the angles of movement of the knee.

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