scholarly journals Prospects for obtaining phenol-formaldehyde oligomers

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
A. P. Alieva
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Phenolic Resins ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Carbon Foams

The article provides an overview of recent studies in the development of new methods for the synthesis and use of phenolformaldehyde oligomers. Prospects for carrying out scientific work in this direction, associated with the availability of raw materials, technological and applied aspects, have been substantiated. The main areas of application of phenolic resins have been identified. Special attention is paid to coatings, adhesives, binders, as well as carbon foams based on them. New methods for the modification of phenol-formaldehyde oligomers are described, as well as new compositions of modifying agents for the purposeful change in the complex of their properties.

Comparison of Phenol-Formaldehyde and Lignin-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives for Wood Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 1025 ◽  
pp. 307-311
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nor Arifin Yaakob ◽  
Rasidi Bin Roslan ◽  
Nurjannah Salim ◽  
Sarani Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Condensation Process ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Phenolic Resins ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Low Shear

Phenolic resins are thermosetting material that is commercially produced via the condensation process of phenol and formaldehyde. However, due to the usage of petro-based materials in the production of phenolic resins, several approaches have been made, and one of the approaches is by substituting the raw materials, especially phenol, with lignin. In this study, acetosolv lignin was used to produce lignin-formaldehyde (LF) and compared with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin. The resinification reaction was conducted at 85 °C for 4h. The functional group, curing behavior and the shear strength of the resins was analyzed using FTIR-ATR, DSC and Universal Testing Machine, respectively. The formation of PF and LF resins was confirmed by the presence of the methylene bridge functional group at 1460 cm-1. The curing curve shows the shift of LF resin to a higher temperature compared to the PF resin. Furthermore, the evaluation of bonding strength shows that LF resin possesses a low shear strength compared to PF resin. However, both resins pass to be adhesives for the manufacture of plywood panels based on standard JIS K-6852.

scholarly journals Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Sarika ◽  
Paul Nancarrow ◽  
Abdulrahman Khansaheb ◽  
Taleb Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Materials Used

Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin continues to dominate the resin industry more than 100 years after its first synthesis. Its versatile properties such as thermal stability, chemical resistance, fire resistance, and dimensional stability make it a suitable material for a wide range of applications. PF resins have been used in the wood industry as adhesives, in paints and coatings, and in the aerospace, construction, and building industries as composites and foams. Currently, petroleum is the key source of raw materials used in manufacturing PF resin. However, increasing environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion have driven industries to seek sustainable alternatives to petroleum based raw materials. Over the past decade, researchers have replaced phenol and formaldehyde with sustainable materials such as lignin, tannin, cardanol, hydroxymethylfurfural, and glyoxal to produce bio-based PF resin. Several synthesis modifications are currently under investigation towards improving the properties of bio-based phenolic resin. This review discusses recent developments in the synthesis of PF resins, particularly those created from sustainable raw material substitutes, and modifications applied to the synthetic route in order to improve the mechanical properties.

Technology of production of biopesticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Anatolii Bezusov ◽  
◽  
Valentyna Krutiakova ◽  
Olena Myroshnichenko ◽  
Nataliia Dotsenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

Subject of research. Biopesticides are based on live cultures of specially selected beneficial microorganisms with controlled properties. They have a pronounced phytoprotective and stimulating effect, thus providing effective prevention and protection of plants from diseases. The obtained biological product increases productivity, improves the quality and structure of the crop, does not accumulate in plants, which allows to obtain environmentally friendly agricultural products and does not harm the environment. Among the large number of bacteria, as a source of microbiological insecticide is Bacillus thuringiensis, which infects lepidopteran pests and leads to their death. Preparations based on this strain are effective when used in low concentrations of solutions. The Bacillus thuringiensis strain produces several toxins with insecticidal action, including β-exotoxin and δ-endotoxin. Toxic effect is manifested and leads to paralysis of the intestinal tract of parasites. Preparations β-exotoxin and δ-endotoxin are obtained by culturing Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria in a liquid medium. The scientific work proposes a method of industrial production using by-products of vegetable raw materials, which makes it economically feasible to use such substrates. The purpose of the study is the development of technology, formulation of nutrient medium, process parameters for the cultivation of bacteria of the genus Bacillus thuringiensis and obtaining a culture fluid containing substances of the class of biopesticides. Methods. Standard and generally accepted methods of research of bioproducts in biotechnology. The formation of bioinsecticides was established by hydrolysis methods, followed by determination of the component of β-exotoxin – ribose, the formation of octagonal crystals of exotoxin – by microscopic method. Research results. Three variants of nutrient media, which include yeast-polysaccharide complex: corn flour, corn oil, yeast autolysate were developed. The parameters of the bacterial cultivation process were studied. The final product is a paste or powder with a titer of 35 .109 spores in 1 g of the bioproduct. Scope of research results. Microbiological preparations based on Bacillus thuringiensis are highly specific and act only on insect larvae from the classes Lepidoptera and Diptera. The resulting biopesticide can be used against pests of a wide range of vegetable and fruit crops.

scholarly journals Improvement of Financial Standing of Enterprise by Means of Sourcing Maneuver Model Application

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Use Of Resources

The most important characteristic of the economic activity of an industrial enterprise is the level of its financial standing. The higher this level, the more attractive is the company for shareholders, banks, service, raw materials and components buyers and suppliers, the more competitive its products are. In recent years, we have seen an unfavorable business climate both in Russia and around the world, which, on the one hand, forces some companies to cut costs or completely withdraw from the market, and on the other, it fosters companies’ attention to creative function, and not only in relation to the products being created, but also to the enterprise management model, the distribution and use of resources. In this connection, the possibility of using sourcing’s technologies in the issue of improving the financial stability of an industrial enterprise through the restructuring of its distribution model and the use of resources is of interest. To achieve this goal, we have used the sourcing’s maneuver model "higher utilization of production areas by providing outsourcing services". The development of proposals for improving the financial standing of the enterprise was carried out through the application of the "direct-hosting" system. In the present work, the authors developed proposals for improving the financial standing of an industrial enterprise through the application of the sourcing’s maneuver model. The results of this work can be useful for further scientific research in the field of economy of sourcing and development of the "direct-hosting" system. They can also be useful for managers of financial and economic units of large industrial enterprises. The developed proposals for improving the financial standing of an industrial enterprise through sorsing maneuver suggest the prospect of further scientific work in the field of forming methodological approaches for making managerial decisions.

scholarly journals Investigation of the process of production of crafted beer with spicy and aromatic raw materials

10.5219/1183 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 806-814
Author(s):  
Marija Zheplinska ◽  
Mikhailo Mushtruk ◽  
Volodymyr Vasyliv ◽  
Olena Deviatko
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Volumetric Fraction ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Water Alcohol

This scientific work demonstrates the stages of the process of inspiring the spicy aromatic raw materials of Badian, which is added to the craft beer in the process of its digestion. In addition, the work shows an analysis of the composition of spicy aromatic raw materials which will be used as an additive. The research proves the rational quantity and concentration of alcoholic spiro-aromatic raw materials for beer and determines the effect of alcoholic spiro-aromatic raw materials on beer indices. We have clarified the organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of beer with spicy aromatic raw materials Badian and composition based on infusions of Badian and cinnamon. As a result, we received water-alcohol infusions of spicy aromatic raw materials and developed new types of beer on their basis. On the basis of the conducted studies, the regression equation of the dependence of the content of actual dry substances and the volumetric fraction of alcohol from the change in the amount of spray-aromatic raw material and alcohol concentration in the alcohol-alcoholic infusion of spin-aromatic raw materials was obtained. In addition, we conducted calculations on the cost-effectiveness of adding these types of spiced aromatic raw materials to beer.

scholarly journals Synthesis and thermal properties of some phenolic resins

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Alshawi F M ◽  
Abdul Razzq K ◽  
Hanoosh W S
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Phenolic Resins ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Introduction: Phenolic resins have been in use since the early twentieth century and are considered the first class of synthetic polymers to achieve commercial success, moreover phenolic resins continue to succeed and attract special interest in a large range of industrial applications such as adhesives, paints, and composites; because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Materials and Methods: Prepolymers resol resins (RR, RH, RP, and RC) were synthesized by the reaction of phenolic compounds (resorcinol, hydroquinone, phloroglucinol, and catechol) respectively, with formaldehyde at molar ratio phenol/ formaldehyde 1/1.5, using sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. These resins were characterized by FTIR. The curing reaction of these resins was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while the thermal stability study was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results and Discussion:From the results showing that these prepolymers have different curing temperatures and curing energy, while the TGA study showed that the cured resins have decomposition temperature more than 300 ºC, and char residue at 650 ºC more than 60%. Conclusions: These resol resins have different gel times (8-55) min, and viscosities (435-350) mpa.s. The curing temperature of these resin obtained from DSC curves was (120, 129, 105 and 127 °C), while the thermal behavior of the cured resins obtained from TGA curves showed that these cured resin have two decomposition temperatures and the rate of decomposition in the order of RC < RR< .

scholarly journals ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF LOCAL AND FOREIGN RAW MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TRIMANGANESE TETRAOXIDE PIGMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (446) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
R. Z. Safarov ◽  
A. Zhandildenova ◽  
D. B. Kargin ◽  
B. B. Makhmutov ◽  
R. M. Kamatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Energy Dispersive Analysis ◽  
Manganese Ores ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Manganese Minerals ◽  
Competitive Product

In the course of continuation of scientific research in the development of Kazakhstani technology for the production of trimanganese tetraoxide pigment, there have been proposed new methods of analysis which make it possible to investigate new nanostructural materials sourced from local deposits. The results obtained are of practical importance and serve as the foundation for developing new technologically advanced domestic production of a competitive product that is in demand both on the national and international markets. The available methods are not able to highlight the particularity and diversity of Kazakhstani manganese ores due to the uneven distribution of manganese minerals and host (waste) rock, the quantitative ratio of rock-forming components and their variation instability. Methods of energy-dispersive analysis of manganese ores from Kazakhstani Zhaksylyk and Bogach deposits have been put forward, electronic micrographs, spectrograms of samples, diagrams of normalized distribution of elements on the surface of samples have been obtained and a comparative analysis with raw analogue samples of some foreign manufacturers has been performed.

Preparation and characterization of lignin demethylated at atmospheric pressure and its application in fast curing biobased phenolic resins

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (71) ◽  
pp. 67435-67443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiongjiong Li ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Shifeng Zhang ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Phenolic Resins

Agricultural crop-based lignin was utilized to modify phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin to prepare fast curing biobased phenolic resins by copolymerization.

scholarly journals Microbiology of Ethiopian Traditionally Fermented Beverages and Condiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikila Wedajo Lemi
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Natural Fermentation ◽  
Fermented Beverages ◽  
Fermented Beverage ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Traditional Fermentation ◽  
Household Processing

Globally, fermented beverage and condiments are made by using different conventional practices, raw materials, and microorganisms. This paper presents the available literature review on the technology and microbiology of traditional Ethiopian beverages and condiment products. Traditional fermented beverage and condiment products have essential vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and antioxidants that are all enhanced through the process of traditional fermentation practices. In Ethiopia, fermented beverage and condiment products have practiced in a long history. During the production of traditional fermented beverage and condiment products, controlled natural fermentation process with the absence of starter cultures are used to initiate it. Moreover, the preparation of many traditionally fermented beverage and condiment products is still practiced in a household art, thereby a wide variety of fermented beverages and condiments are consumed in Ethiopia. In conclusion, the review discusses the nature of the beverage and condiment preparation, poor traditional household processing, and the extent and limitation of scientific work done so far and suggests some recommendations to limit the problem in Ethiopia.

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