scholarly journals VAMPIRE BAT DESMODUS ROTUNDUS SHELTERS IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Paulo Jacques Mialhe ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Moschini ◽  
Diego Peruchi Trevisan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Desmodus Rotundus ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Vampire Bat

The vampire bat Desmodus rotundus is the main transmitter of domestic herbivorous rabies, which causes economic losses in cattle raising, being a serious public health problem. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allows the spatial monitoring of these bats shelters, which is an efficient way to prevent and control rabies. This study located shelters of D. rotundus in the Eastern Center region of São Paulo state and identified the types of shelters used (natural or artificial), their proximity to water, sexual composition, and population estimated of the colonies. Searches were carried out by colonies of vampire bats in natural and artificial shelters during 2002 to 2004, covering 18 municipalities. After located, the shelters were georeferenced, being recorded the nature of the shelter (natural or artificial), use (shelters of males, maternities, digestive) and estimated population. The data were incorporated into a GIS, producing a thematic map of the shelter’s location and their distance from the local water bodies. There were found 1.567 D. rotundus distributed in 94 shelters, where only six shelters (6.38%) were natural (caves). Most shelters (79.78%) were sparsely populated, with up to 15 bats, including male shelters (46 shelters) and 30 maternities (63.82% of maternities). Five shelters (5.37%) had between 50 and 100 bats and only two shelters (2.15%) had a population greater than 100 bats. Six shelters (6.38%) were inhabited houses, which is a concern for public health, as these may constitute a source of dangerous contamination for domestic and human carnivores. All the shelters were at a distance of up to 2 km of rivers or streams. The high percentage of artificial shelters found is a consequence of the intensification of the anthropic changes that increase the supply of food and shelter to D. rotundus, which associated with a large drainage network favors the dispersion of this species of bat in the region. The proximity of all D. rotundus shelters to the drainage network corroborates other studies in São Paulo state, where the areas close to the main rivers generally favor the existence of a larger number of shelters.

scholarly journals Evolution of bacterial meningitis diagnosis in Sao Paulo State-Brazil and future challenges

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (9B) ◽  
pp. 672-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristela Marques Salgado ◽  
Maria Gisele Goncalves ◽  
Lucila Okuyama Fukasawa ◽  
Fabio Takenori Higa ◽  
Juliana Thalita Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a severe disease and still represents a serious public health problem with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The most common cases of BM around the world, mainly in Brazil, have been caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Bacterial culture is the gold-standard technique for BM confirmation, but approximately 50% of suspected cases are not culture-confirmed, due to problems related to improper transportation and seeding or previous antibiotic treatment. Immunological methods present low sensitivity and have possibility of cross-reactions. Real time PCR (qPCR) is a molecular technique and has been successful used for BM diagnosis at Instituto Adolfo Lutz in São Paulo State, Brazil, since 2007. The incorporation of qPCR in the Public Health surveillance routine in our state resulted in diminishing 50% of undetermined BM cases. Our efforts are focused on qPCR implementation in the BM diagnostic routine throughout Brazil.

scholarly journals Impact of noise pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic in a hospital area in Sorocaba city, São Paulo State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (71) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik de Lima Andrade ◽  
Eligelcy Augusta de Lima ◽  
Paulo Henrique Trombetta Zannin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Sensitive Areas ◽  
São Paulo State

Environmental noise is a public health problem that arises mainly from vehicular traffic. In noise-sensitive areas, such as hospitals, the harm is even greater, as noise affects the recovery of patients and causes stress and disturbance to employees. Noise control measures are usually restricted to simulations and mathematical modeling. Given this context, the present study assesses environmental noise around a public hospital in Sorocaba city, São Paulo State, Brazil, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, benefiting from measures to restrict the circulation of vehicles and people. Measurements were performed in triplicate, on weekdays, at four points around the hospital during the day, and followed the guidelines of standard NBR 10.151/2019. The number of light and heavy vehicles was counted manually. The equipment used was the BK 2260 analyzer and a tripod with adjustable height. The circulation of light and heavy vehicles decreased significantly during the pandemic. However, this decrease was not enough for sound levels to meet the 50 dB(A) recommended for noise-sensitive areas. This fact can be due to the speed of the remaining vehicles being above the established for the surrounding streets. Vehicles are the main responsible for the high levels of noise in the area, overlapping the levels generated by the different activities in the study site.

scholarly journals The relationship between low birth weight and exposure to inhalable particulate matter

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Romão ◽  
Luiz Alberto Amador Pereira ◽  
Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva ◽  
Patricia Matias Pinheiro ◽  
Alfésio Luiz Ferreira Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship

Atmospheric pollution is a global public health problem. The adverse effects of air pollution are strongly associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and, to a lesser extent, with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study analyzes the relationship between exposure to PM10 and low birth weight in the city of Santo André, São Paulo State, Brazil. We included babies born to mothers resident in Santo André between 2000 and 2006. Data on daily PM10 levels was obtained from the São Paulo State Environmental Agency. We performed descriptive analysis and logistic regressions. The prevalence rate of low birth weight was 5.9%. There was a dose-response relationship between PM10 concentrations and low birth weight. Exposure to the highest quartile of PM10 (37,50µg/m³) in the third trimester of pregnancy increased the risk of low birth weight by 26% (OR: 1.26; 95%CI: 1.14-1.40) when compared to the first quartile. The same effect was observed in the remaining trimesters. This effect was observed for ambient particle concentrations that met the current air quality standards.

Giardia and Cryptosporidium in source waters of Sao Paulo State, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Hachich ◽  
M.I.Z. Sato ◽  
A.T. Galvani ◽  
J.R.N. Menegon ◽  
J.L.N. Mucci
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum are two protozoan intestinal parasites responsible for many drinking-water-related disease outbreaks in recent years. They are very resistant to conventional water treatment processes, can persist for long times in the environment and are, therefore, of great concern for public health. This work aimed to evaluate the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in water sources from São Paulo State, Brazil, as part of the “Evaluation of Inland Waters from Sao Paulo State” project from CETESB. Over a period of 19 months, 278 water samples from 28 sites located in 10 watersheds were analysed. The immunofluorescence assay was used after concentration of the samples by the calcium carbonate flocculation technique. Thermotolerant (faecal) coliforms, faecal streptococci and Clostridium perfringens were also determined in order to verify the existence of correlation between these bacterial indicators and the protozoa. Giardia and Cryptosporidium were detected in 27% and 2.5% of the samples, respectively, a lower figure compared with the results reported by other authors, especially for Cryptosporidium. A Spearman rank correlation test demonstrated a significant correlation between Giardia and faecal indicator concentrations. According to the American Regulation of Monitoring (ICR), treated water from 16 of these 28 collection sites should also be analysed to evaluate whether the treatment process could remove the parasites. Some technical deficiencies of these methods still limit the utilisation of the monitoring results for public health decisions, but the data here reported will help to improve the quality of drinking water in Sao Paulo State.

scholarly journals The Importance of Coordinated Actions in Preventing the Spread of Yellow Fever to Human Populations: The Experience from the 2016-2017 Yellow Fever Outbreak in the Northeastern Region of São Paulo State

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Márcio Junio Lima Siconelli ◽  
Danillo Lucas Alves Espósito ◽  
Nathália Cristina Moraes ◽  
Julia Maria Ribeiro ◽  
Lívia Perles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Sylvatic Cycle ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

Yellow fever (YF) is a zoonotic arthropod-borne disease that is caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV) and characterized by a sylvatic and urban cycle. Its most severe presentation is manifested as a hemorrhagic disease, and it has been responsible for thousands of deaths in the last decades. This study describes the public health approaches taken to control the 2016-2017 YF outbreak in nonhuman primates (NHPs) that took place in the northeastern region of São Paulo state, Brazil. NHPs recovered from the field were necropsied, and YF diagnoses were made at the Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School and the Center of Pathology, Adolfo Lutz Institute of São Paulo. NHP samples were inoculated into Vero cells for YFV isolation. RNA extraction was performed directly from NHP tissues and tested by RT-qPCR. YFV-positive samples were confirmed by sequencing. Based on the rapid RT-qPCR results, surveillance actions were implemented in the entire region. Confirmatory histopathology and immunohistochemistry for YFV were also performed. Among nine NHPs, gross hepatic involvement was observed in six animals, five of which were YFV-RT-qPCR-positive. One YFV was isolated from the serum of an infant NHP. YFV RNA sequences diverged from the virus responsible for the last epizootic that occurred in São Paulo state, but it was similar to the current Brazilian epizootic. Public health actions included dissemination of information on YF transmission, investigation of the probable location of NHP infection, characterization of the environment, and subsequent creation of the blueprint from which prevention and control measures were implemented. The YFV sylvatic cycle occurred in the periurban areas of the northeastern region of São Paulo state, but no human cases were reported during this period, showing that integrated actions between human, animal, and environmental health professionals were critical to restrain the virus to the sylvatic cycle.

scholarly journals Seropositivity rates for toxoplasmosis, rubella, syphilis, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis and HIV among pregnant women receiving care at a public health service, São Paulo state, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-605
Author(s):  
Márcia Aparecida dos Santos Gonçalves ◽  
Cinara de Cássia Brandão de Matos ◽  
Lígia Cosentino Junqueira Franco Spegiorin ◽  
Denise Cristina Mós Vaz Oliani ◽  
Antonio Hélio Oliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis

scholarly journals The path of canine visceral leishmaniasis versus the path of Center for Zoonoses Control: contributions of spatial analysis to health

2022 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Sayuri Silvestre Matsumoto ◽  
Edilson Ferreira Flores ◽  
José Seguinot Barbosa ◽  
Umberto Catarino Pessoto ◽  
José Eduardo Tolezano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
P Value ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a public health problem in Brazilian municipalities. As much as there is a planning of public policies regards VL in São Paulo State, new cases have been reported and spread. This paper aims to discuss how the Center for Zoonoses Control conducts its actions spatially in endemic city of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo State. Data are from the Municipal Health Department of Presidente Prudente, Adolfo Lutz Institute, and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. We spatially estimated the dog population per census tract and used geoprocessing tools to perform choropleth maps, spatial trends, and spatial autocorrelation. We found a spatial pattern of higher prevalence in the city’s outskirt and a positive statistically significant spatial autocorrelation (I = 0.2, p-value < 0.000) with clusters of high-high relationships in the Northwest part of the city. Moreover, we identified a different direction in the path of the conducted serosurveys versus the canine VL trend, which stresses the fragility of the Center for Zoonoses Control actions to control the disease. The Center for Zoonoses Control always seems to chase the disease. The spatial analysis may be useful for rethinking how the service works and helps in public policies.

scholarly journals Judicialização da saúde pública no Brasil: padrões e divergências decisórias na Justiça Civil Comum do Estado de São Paulo, Comarca de Campinas | Judicialization of public health in Brazil: standards and decisional disagreements of the Common Civil Court of Sao Paulo State, judicial district of Campinas

KPGT_dlutz_1 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Keyla Ketlyn Passos Pimenta ◽  
Oswaldo Gonçalves Junior
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Civil Court ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
The Common

Resumo: O presente estudo busca identificar e analisar padrões decisórios da Justiça Civil Comum do Estado de São Paulo, em primeira e segunda instância, quanto ao fenômeno da judicialização da saúde pública, com base em um conjunto de ações judicias oriundas da Comarca de Campinas e julgadas pelo tribunal no ano de 2012. Trata-se de estudo empírico, descritivo e retrospectivo, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de consulta aos processos judiciais. Utiliza de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos de análise. Os resultados revelam determinados padrões nas causas estudadas e a ocorrência de divergências entre os padrões decisórios de primeira e segunda instância. As decisões em primeira instância, mais diversas, indicam relações com outros elementos processuais, como a patologia declarada, inclinação pessoal do magistrado, contato mais próximo com gestores públicos locais, entre outros. Palavras-chave: Divergências decisórias. Judicialização da saúde pública. Poder judiciário. Padrões decisórios. Abstract: This study aims to identify and to analyze decisional standards of the Common Civil Court of São Paulo State, in first and second instance, regarding to the phenomenon of public health judicialization, based on series of lawsuits from the Judicial District of Campinas and judged by the court in the year of 2012. This is an empirical, descriptive and retrospective study, which data were collected through the consultation of lawsuits. The study uses qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis. The results reveal certain standards in the lawsuits and the occurrence of divergences between first and second instance decisional standards. The decisions at first instance, diversified, indicate relations with other elements of the judicial process, such as the declared pathology, personal inclination of the judge, closer contact with local public managers, among others. Keywords: Decisional standards. Decisional divergences. Judicialization of public health. Judiciary.

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