scholarly journals The relationship between low birth weight and exposure to inhalable particulate matter

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Romão ◽  
Luiz Alberto Amador Pereira ◽  
Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva ◽  
Patricia Matias Pinheiro ◽  
Alfésio Luiz Ferreira Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship

Atmospheric pollution is a global public health problem. The adverse effects of air pollution are strongly associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and, to a lesser extent, with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study analyzes the relationship between exposure to PM10 and low birth weight in the city of Santo André, São Paulo State, Brazil. We included babies born to mothers resident in Santo André between 2000 and 2006. Data on daily PM10 levels was obtained from the São Paulo State Environmental Agency. We performed descriptive analysis and logistic regressions. The prevalence rate of low birth weight was 5.9%. There was a dose-response relationship between PM10 concentrations and low birth weight. Exposure to the highest quartile of PM10 (37,50µg/m³) in the third trimester of pregnancy increased the risk of low birth weight by 26% (OR: 1.26; 95%CI: 1.14-1.40) when compared to the first quartile. The same effect was observed in the remaining trimesters. This effect was observed for ambient particle concentrations that met the current air quality standards.

scholarly journals Evolution of bacterial meningitis diagnosis in Sao Paulo State-Brazil and future challenges

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (9B) ◽  
pp. 672-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristela Marques Salgado ◽  
Maria Gisele Goncalves ◽  
Lucila Okuyama Fukasawa ◽  
Fabio Takenori Higa ◽  
Juliana Thalita Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a severe disease and still represents a serious public health problem with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The most common cases of BM around the world, mainly in Brazil, have been caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Bacterial culture is the gold-standard technique for BM confirmation, but approximately 50% of suspected cases are not culture-confirmed, due to problems related to improper transportation and seeding or previous antibiotic treatment. Immunological methods present low sensitivity and have possibility of cross-reactions. Real time PCR (qPCR) is a molecular technique and has been successful used for BM diagnosis at Instituto Adolfo Lutz in São Paulo State, Brazil, since 2007. The incorporation of qPCR in the Public Health surveillance routine in our state resulted in diminishing 50% of undetermined BM cases. Our efforts are focused on qPCR implementation in the BM diagnostic routine throughout Brazil.

scholarly journals Impact of noise pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic in a hospital area in Sorocaba city, São Paulo State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (71) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik de Lima Andrade ◽  
Eligelcy Augusta de Lima ◽  
Paulo Henrique Trombetta Zannin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Sensitive Areas ◽  
São Paulo State

Environmental noise is a public health problem that arises mainly from vehicular traffic. In noise-sensitive areas, such as hospitals, the harm is even greater, as noise affects the recovery of patients and causes stress and disturbance to employees. Noise control measures are usually restricted to simulations and mathematical modeling. Given this context, the present study assesses environmental noise around a public hospital in Sorocaba city, São Paulo State, Brazil, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, benefiting from measures to restrict the circulation of vehicles and people. Measurements were performed in triplicate, on weekdays, at four points around the hospital during the day, and followed the guidelines of standard NBR 10.151/2019. The number of light and heavy vehicles was counted manually. The equipment used was the BK 2260 analyzer and a tripod with adjustable height. The circulation of light and heavy vehicles decreased significantly during the pandemic. However, this decrease was not enough for sound levels to meet the 50 dB(A) recommended for noise-sensitive areas. This fact can be due to the speed of the remaining vehicles being above the established for the surrounding streets. Vehicles are the main responsible for the high levels of noise in the area, overlapping the levels generated by the different activities in the study site.

scholarly journals Association between particulate matter air pollution and monthly inhalation and nebulization procedures in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1591-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estela Cristina Carneseca ◽  
Jorge Alberto Achcar ◽  
Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Random Factor ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The study was designed to investigate the impact of air pollution on monthly inhalation/nebulization procedures in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil, from 2004 to 2010. To assess the relationship between the procedures and particulate matter (PM10) a Bayesian Poisson regression model was used, including a random factor that captured extra-Poisson variability between counts. Particulate matter was associated with the monthly number of inhalation/nebulization procedures, but the inclusion of covariates (temperature, precipitation, and season of the year) suggests a possible confounding effect. Although other studies have linked particulate matter to an increasing number of visits due to respiratory morbidity, the results of this study suggest that such associations should be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals The path of canine visceral leishmaniasis versus the path of Center for Zoonoses Control: contributions of spatial analysis to health

2022 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Sayuri Silvestre Matsumoto ◽  
Edilson Ferreira Flores ◽  
José Seguinot Barbosa ◽  
Umberto Catarino Pessoto ◽  
José Eduardo Tolezano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
P Value ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a public health problem in Brazilian municipalities. As much as there is a planning of public policies regards VL in São Paulo State, new cases have been reported and spread. This paper aims to discuss how the Center for Zoonoses Control conducts its actions spatially in endemic city of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo State. Data are from the Municipal Health Department of Presidente Prudente, Adolfo Lutz Institute, and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. We spatially estimated the dog population per census tract and used geoprocessing tools to perform choropleth maps, spatial trends, and spatial autocorrelation. We found a spatial pattern of higher prevalence in the city’s outskirt and a positive statistically significant spatial autocorrelation (I = 0.2, p-value < 0.000) with clusters of high-high relationships in the Northwest part of the city. Moreover, we identified a different direction in the path of the conducted serosurveys versus the canine VL trend, which stresses the fragility of the Center for Zoonoses Control actions to control the disease. The Center for Zoonoses Control always seems to chase the disease. The spatial analysis may be useful for rethinking how the service works and helps in public policies.

scholarly journals VAMPIRE BAT DESMODUS ROTUNDUS SHELTERS IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Paulo Jacques Mialhe ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Moschini ◽  
Diego Peruchi Trevisan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Desmodus Rotundus ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Vampire Bat

The vampire bat Desmodus rotundus is the main transmitter of domestic herbivorous rabies, which causes economic losses in cattle raising, being a serious public health problem. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allows the spatial monitoring of these bats shelters, which is an efficient way to prevent and control rabies. This study located shelters of D. rotundus in the Eastern Center region of São Paulo state and identified the types of shelters used (natural or artificial), their proximity to water, sexual composition, and population estimated of the colonies. Searches were carried out by colonies of vampire bats in natural and artificial shelters during 2002 to 2004, covering 18 municipalities. After located, the shelters were georeferenced, being recorded the nature of the shelter (natural or artificial), use (shelters of males, maternities, digestive) and estimated population. The data were incorporated into a GIS, producing a thematic map of the shelter’s location and their distance from the local water bodies. There were found 1.567 D. rotundus distributed in 94 shelters, where only six shelters (6.38%) were natural (caves). Most shelters (79.78%) were sparsely populated, with up to 15 bats, including male shelters (46 shelters) and 30 maternities (63.82% of maternities). Five shelters (5.37%) had between 50 and 100 bats and only two shelters (2.15%) had a population greater than 100 bats. Six shelters (6.38%) were inhabited houses, which is a concern for public health, as these may constitute a source of dangerous contamination for domestic and human carnivores. All the shelters were at a distance of up to 2 km of rivers or streams. The high percentage of artificial shelters found is a consequence of the intensification of the anthropic changes that increase the supply of food and shelter to D. rotundus, which associated with a large drainage network favors the dispersion of this species of bat in the region. The proximity of all D. rotundus shelters to the drainage network corroborates other studies in São Paulo state, where the areas close to the main rivers generally favor the existence of a larger number of shelters.

scholarly journals First record and ecologic aspects of Isthmochloron neustonica Zalocar & Pizzarro (Tribophyceae) in São Paulo State, Brazil

Hoehnea ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-599
Author(s):  
João Alexandre Saviolo Osti ◽  
Andréa Tucci ◽  
Antonio Fernando Monteiro Camargo
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Small Cell Size ◽  
Total Phytoplankton ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT We present the morphometric characteristics of Isthmochloron neustonica populations as well as their abundance and the relationship with some environmental characteristics in a fishpond. This is the first record of the species in São Paulo State and second citation to Brazil. Isthmochloron neustonica was described in neustonic habit; in this study, with sampling for phytoplankton analysis, it was found in high density and short duration blooming (time interval up to 15 days). It represented 59% of total phytoplankton density on May 26, 2010, forming a delicate and bright film on the water surface, in an environment with high concentration of nutrients and associated with drought and low temperature. The species has a restricted range in South America, probably due to their biological characteristics, such as small cell size and neustonic habit. Few records in literature can also be one of the reasons that hampers the identification of the species in subtropical environments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of risk for pregnancy adverse outcomes in Baixada Santista – São Paulo State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A L F Braga ◽  
C E S Baldini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background Brazil has the fifth biggest territory in the world, and the eighth economy. In the Brazilian Health System, universal health coverage has been the target to be pursuit. However, there are many obstacles to assured this right to the entire population. Even in São Paulo, the state with the biggest part of Brazilian GDP, there are regions with serious economic problems impacting negatively health coverage, education programs and urban infrastructure. The metropolitan region of Baixada Santista includes nine cities with different socioeconomic status and a well-known history of environmental contamination. These environmental and economic stressors are risk factors that can impact pregnants and their offspring. In 2018 the infant mortality in the region was 14.02 for each one thousand newborns while in the São Paulo State it was 10.7 and in Brazil 12.4. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors associated to adverse pregnancy outcomes in the Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista. Methods We adopted a crossectional design using data from the Born Alive Information System (Brazilian Health Ministry) from 2006 to 2016. Low birth weight, malformation, low Apgar score and prematurity were assumed as dependent variables in specific single e multiple logistic regression models. Results Besides the effects of risk factors already seeing in other investigations on adverse pregnancy outcomes, as maternal age and years of study, we found prematurity associated with living in Guarujá (OR = 1,37; 95% CI 1,25 - 1,51) and inadequacy of pre-natal (OR 2,9; 95% CI 2,74 - 3,11). Also, low birth weight was associated with living in Cubatão (OR 1,88; 95% CI1,67 - 2,12) or São Vicente (OR 1,80; 95% CI 1,62 - 2,01), and inadequacy of pre-natal (OR 2,96; 95% CI 2,62 - 3,24). Conclusions Differences on primary health care structure and medical coverage, by city, may contribute to increase the risk of pregnancy adverse outcomes. Key messages Improvements have to be implemented in municipal health structure to minimize the risk of pregnancy adverse outcomes. Preventing evitable factors for adverse birth outcomes costs less than treating the consequences of a them.

First- and fifth-minute Apgar scores of 0–3 and infant mortality: a population-based study in São Paulo State of Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela Cristina Viau ◽  
Mandira Daripa Kawakami ◽  
Monica La Porte Teixeira ◽  
Bernadette Cunha Waldvogel ◽  
Ruth Guinsburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

AbstractTo determine the infant mortality of newborns with 1- and 5-min Apgar scores of 0–3.Population cohort study with neonates with birth weight ≥400 g, gestational age ≥22 weeks and 1- and 5-min Apgar scores of 0–3, without malformations, born in São Paulo State (Brazil) from January 2006 to December 2007. Apgar scores were confirmed in the original certificates of live births and/or medical records. During this period, among 1,027,132 live births, 1640 met the study criteria, with an incidence of 1.6 per 1000 live births. When the 5-min Apgar score was 0, 1, 2 and 3, the infant mortality rate was 97%, 94%, 64% and 47%, respectively. Risk factors associated with infant deaths were 5-min Apgar score of 0 or 1 [odds ratio (OR) 16.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.1–24.8], birth weight <2500 g (OR 7.5, 95% CI 5.7–9.8), birth at hospitals outside the state capital (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.3), in private or charitable hospitals (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.0), and during the night shift (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0–1.7).For infants with 1- and 5-min Apgar scores of 0–3, the infant mortality is high. Besides the biological variables associated with the chance of dying, the organization of the perinatal care influences the outcome.

scholarly journals Risk factors and presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in dogs from the coast of São Paulo State, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Costa da Silva ◽  
Luiz Carlos de Souza ◽  
Hélio Langoni ◽  
Erika Maemi Tanaka ◽  
Vanessa Yuri de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Food Ingestion ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
São Paulo State

Toxoplasmosis is caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and affects warm-blooded vertebrates, including pets and man. Dogs are epidemio-logically important since they act as sentinels for the infection in humans. The present study aimed to determine the presence of antibodies to T. gondii in 205 serum samples from dogs in Ubatuba, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, through indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IFAT), as well as the risk factors related to toxoplasmosis in the animals such as breed, age, sex, access to outdoors, homemade food ingestion, access to untreated water, and contact with rodents. Toxoplasmosis-positive samples accounted for 52/205 (25.4%), with titers ranging from 16 to 256. The serological results presented significant association (P<0.05) with homemade food ingestion (45/118; 38.1%; CI95% 29.9%-47.2%) (OR=7.0; CI95% 3.0-16.6), and with access to outdoors where those that do not have access to the street were prevalent (37/121; 30.6%; CI95% 23.1%-39.3%) (OR=0.5; CI95% 0.2-1.0). These results show that toxoplasmosis in this region is related to problems of sanitary education, mainly concerning the appropriate cooking of foods, since most positive animals did not show significant association with the presence of rodents or untreated water consumption but showed, instead association with ingestion of homemade food. Thus, toxoplasmosis is a public health problem in the studied region, and sanitary measures are needed to control the infection due to the strict relationship between man and dog and the presented risk factors

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