scholarly journals UMA VISÃO DEMOCRÁTICA DO DIREITO À ENERGIA ELÉTRICA: DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR À LUZ DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (207) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ingryd Stéphanye Monteiro de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Legal Nature

The purpose of this study is to provide a brief overview of the consumer's right when providing the public electricity supply service. Starting from a theoretical and practical approach, in order to describe the decision line by means of jurisprudential analysis, in case of illegal interruption of electricity, extraordinary charges on the invoice, as well as the legal nature of these debts, in order to achieve the majority positioning in the current legal scenario within the scope of the Courts of Justice and the Superior Court of Justice and the reflexes of the limitations imposed by the protective federal law in benefit to the consumer under the focus of the democratic context of the Brazilian legal system.

European Court of Justice Upholds German Electricity Pricing Scheme

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
German Law ◽  
European Court Of Justice ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
German Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Pricing Scheme

A German law known as the Stromeinspeisungsgesetz (Law on feeding electricity from renewable resources into the public grid) requires producers of electricity to purchase (at a fixed, minimum price) and pass along to electricity distributors energy produced from renewable resources in the producer's area of service. (Bundesgesetzblatt (BGBl. [Register of German Federal Law] 1990 I, p. 2633). As required by Article 88 of the Consolidated EC Treaty, the German government notified the Commission of the European Communities of the law's state aid provisions in 1990, and received authorization for those provisions from the Commission. The Commission concluded that the law was consistent with the energy policy aims of the European Communities and that its impact on the industry would be slight.

scholarly journals The Importance of Reduction in the Registry of Deaths to Ill-Defined Causes and Their Impact on Mortality Profile: The Brazilian Experience and Its Implications to International Health Security

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davi Félix Martins Junior
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Verbal Autopsy ◽  
International Health ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Health Security ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Nature

This chapter aims to describe the strategies implemented by the Ministry of Health since 2004 to reduce deaths classified as ill-defined causes (IDC) and the impacts on the mortality profile. Since 1979, deaths occurring and recorded across the country have been stored electronically on the Datasus website (www.datasus.gov.br), which is in the public domain. From this database, it appears that the proportion of deaths from IDC in the country decreased from 20.1% in 1979 to 5.5% in 2017. In small municipalities, less than 20,000 inhabitants, which have the worst data quality and worse socioeconomic status and with the greatest inequities in health, requiring greater investments, the reduction was smaller. The Ministry of Health implemented several actions that involved suspending the transfer of resources from the federal fund to the municipal fund for non-compliance with the rules for the collection, flow and periodicity of information on deaths, in addition to training and qualification of human resources to record and code the causes of death and to investigate deaths by IDC through verbal autopsy. These are initiatives that can be replicated in other contexts, except, perhaps, of a legal nature, as they fit into the legal system that presents specificities in each country.

Validity and Ultra Vires Acts

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Gasbarri
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Legal System ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Dynamic Interpretation ◽  
International Court ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Two Parameters

The legal validity of the law produced by international organizations is a vexed issue. This chapter explores how it is affected by the absence of a comprehensive concept of an international organization. The functionalist perspective privileges a notion of ultra vires which refers to acts or actions of an international organization which overstep its attributed competences. Conversely, the constitutional perspective adopts a dynamic interpretation under which it is more difficult to determine the invalidity of a rule. First, the chapter describes how the International Court of Justice adopted an either/or approach based on the two conceptualizations. Afterwards, it applies the dual legal nature explaining how the rules have two parameters of legality, deriving from the international and the internal legal system. This finding is applied to the invalidity of a treaty caused by the violation of a rule and to the respect for customary law.

scholarly journals How do you say Istanbul Protocol in Hebrew? The curious case of Mr Firas Tbeish

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Efrat Shir
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
West Bank ◽  
The West ◽  
High Court ◽  
The Public ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Istanbul Protocol ◽  
Legal Battle

On 26 of November 2018, Israel’s High Court of Justice decided that Mr Firas Tbeish, a Palestinian from the Hebron area in the West Bank, had not been tortured. This concluded of six-year legal battle undertaken by Mr Tbeish and the Public Committee Against Torture in Israel. The case summary outlines the context in which the decision was given, while paying particular attention to the (mis)conception of Istanbul Protocol reports in Israel’s legal system.

Democratization of Local-Self-Government in Russia: Current State and Perspectives of Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1754
Author(s):  
Andrey POMAZANSKIY ◽  
Viacheslav SEVALNEV
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current State ◽  
Legal Nature

The article is devoted to the constitutional legal regulation of local self-government. The dynamics of the realization of the constitutional principles of local self-government are researched. It is outlined that the current state of legal regulation is far from the constitutional principles devoted to the local self-government. The vivid example of such regulation is the latest amendments to the Federal Law of October 6, 2003 №131-FZ ‘On General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation’. These legislative novelties lead to phasedown of the democratic basis of local self-government. This approach shouldn’t be admitted. Its further spread to all spheres of local activities will result in the estrangement of local communities from the public authorities and officials. In this sense, the piecemeal replacement of democratic procedures in the course of formation of local authorities by the administrative ones fails to meet the legal nature of local self-government. Special attention is given to the determination the balance between representative and participatory democracy at the local level. The nature and features of local self-government are assumed the use of various organizational forms of execution of local power as well as the system of its legal regulation. Also the determination of the prospects for the extension of participatory democracy at the local level is presented.

scholarly journals The EU judiciary: epistemological principles of functioning and development

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Ilona Kaminska
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Historical Progress ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
National Science ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

The article introduces the results of a theoretical analysis of the available research on the EU judiciary. Based on the analysis of the development and formation of the EU judiciary, it is proved that the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) should be understood as the object of the historiography of studies of the EU judiciary in its historical progress, beginning with the Court of Justice of the European Communities, as a single object which as a result of functioning and under the influence of the creation of the integration union, acquired the further development of its form and content. It is established that the research of EU institutions in national science began in the 1990s. By this time, the EU judiciary and the principles of its functioning had been studied by foreign scholars whose works had become the basis for the formation of national scientific thought. After determining the periodization of the development of national scientific thought on the organization and functioning of the EU judiciary, three stages of the formation and development of scientific research of the CJEU have been distinguished. Based on the results of the analysis of the available research, Kharkiv, Kyiv and Lviv legal schools have been singled out, the representatives of which researched on certain aspects of the functioning and development of the EU judiciary. The content of researches and the volume of cognition of the EU judiciary have been analyzed, as a result of which the specificity of methodological foundations in different schools is presented. Therefore, the conclusion that the object of cognition is interdisciplinary is made. It is proved that there is no comprehensive study of the EU judiciary among the publications available. The analysis of the research has shown that there are different approaches among scholars to the study of the CJEU. The experience of the research findings is valuable for the understanding the multidimensional nature of the legal nature of the EU judiciary. The examples of the Republic of Poland and of the United Kingdom show that the functioning of the CJEU may have different impact on the national legal system. Attention is drawn to the importance of the proper functioning of the constitutional judicial body and of the national judiciary as a guarantee of the sovereignty of States in their relations with the EU. The dynamics of the development of integration processes, of the principles of the organization, and of the functioning of the judiciary in the EU is pointed out. It influences the need for introducing a new stage of development of national science in this field. The analysis of the available research shows that there are only a few complex studies on certain aspects of the functioning of the EU judiciary. At the same time, in its practice, the CJEU continues to form new acquis communautaire for the EU legal system that have not been studied in national science yet. It is proved that examining the legal nature of the EU judiciary and its case-law will facilitate the development of integration processes in Ukraine. And the study of the principles of its organization and of its functioning will have an impact on improving the legal system of Ukraine towards promoting democratic values.

The Impact of the Court of Justice of the European Union on the Legal System of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
ROMAN PETROV
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Impact

У статті досліджено вплив Суду Європейського Союзу (ЄС) на впровадження і застосування Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС, що викликало безпрецедентні політичні, економічні та правові реформи в Україні. Зокрема, розглядаються конституційні виклики, які постали перед державою під час виконання Угоди в правовій системі. Крім того, досліджено два питання. Перше – ефективне впровадження та застосування Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС в українській правовій системі. Друге – сумісність і відповідність Угоди Конституції України. Проаналізовано останні політичні та правові події в Україні через призму ефективної реалізації Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС і зростання проєвропейського правового активізму в державі. На закінчення стверджується, що Угода про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС посилює пристосованість національного конституційного устрою до цілей досягнення європейської інтеграції та застосування європейських спільних цінностей в Україні. Угода про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС створила стійку інституційну та правову основу для застосування acquis ЄС (правового доробку ЄС), включаючи прецедентне право ЄС та комплексне законодавче наближення між законодавством України та ЄС. Однак інституційні реформи, які вже відбулися, не можна вважати цілком достатніми. Верховній Раді України не вдалося запровадити основні та процедурні засади для застосування та впровадження Угоди в правовий порядок України. Однак ця прогалина частково заповнюється зростаючим судовим активізмом в Україні. Вітчизняні судді вже почали посилатися на Угоду про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС і відповідні частини acquis ЄС у своїх рішеннях, тим самим закладаючи основу для регулярного застосування загальних принципів права ЄС у процесі виконання й імплементації Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС.

The preliminary ruling procedure at the court of justice of the European Union and transformation of European anti-discrimination law

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Elena Sorokina
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Preliminary Ruling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Judicial Cooperation ◽  
Member States ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Eu

The preliminary ruling procedure is an essential feature of the EU legal system, which is a unique cooperation tool as part of the dialogue between the Court of Justice of the EU and national courts of the Member States. Its main purpose is to ensure uniform interpretation and application of the provisions of EU law with all Member States and to preserve the uniformity of the European legal system. The continuous use by national courts of the Member States of the mechanism of preliminary ruling and constructive inter-judicial cooperation, the Court of Justice has developed an extremely extensive case law on the prohibition of discrimination and with the result to introduce substantial changes in European anti-discrimination law.The preliminary rulings of the Court of Justice have shown its inclination to expand notions of what constitutes discrimination and in most cases the Court prompt by the desire to interpret the provisions of European law so as to ensure the full effectiveness of the law, as well as a willingness to promote and strengthen protection against discrimination in Europe. While the protection against discrimination on some grounds is stronger than others, however, the preliminary rulings of the Court of Justice are important contribution to the transformation of anti-discrimination law, promote change in the national legislation of the Member States and provide the more effective protection of human rights in general.

Environmental Protection Meets Security of Electricity Supply

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ilina Cenevska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
National Energy Policy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract This case comment explores the relationship between two intertwined objectives – ensuring security of electricity supply and environmental protection – in the context of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Inter-Environnement Wallonie ASBL and Bond Beter Leefmilieu Vlaanderen ASBL v. Conseil des ministres. The analysis focuses on the application of the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive and the Habitats Directive to the facts of the case, which concerns the extension by a ten-year period of the operation of two Belgian nuclear power stations (Doel 1 and Doel 2) as part of a national energy policy strategy to ensure the security of Belgium's electricity supply. The case comment also considers the legal and practical implications that arise as a result of employing the ‘security of electricity supply’ exemption to enable derogation from the requirements of the aforementioned Directives in circumstances where a Member State considers the security of its electricity supply to be under threat.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document