scholarly journals RESTORATION OF STATEHOOD IN THE POLITICS OF MEMORY OF THE SECOND POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH (THE CASE OF WESTERN UKRAINE)

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Vitalii Matviichuk
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Memory Space ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
First Time ◽  
Complete Account

The aim of the article is to study the politics of memory of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 1920s–1930s in Western Ukraine associated with the restoration of the Polish statehood. The methodology of scientific research is based on general scientific and special historical methods, including the basic principles of historical perception. The principles of historicism and scientific character of research enabled the author to recreate the politics of memory of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in Western Ukraine in all its complexity and diversity, as well as in interrelation and interdependence with the events of that time. The principle of objectivity facilitated the consideration of the outlined problems taking into account objective historical patterns and a critical analysis of the reference database. The principle of consistency provided the means to form a complete account of the corresponding commemorative practices. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the problem of reflecting the historical subject of the restoration of Poland in the political power of memory in Western Ukraine is studied on the basis of a big archive database. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the "memory" of the state restoration was actively implemented throughout its territory, including Western Ukraine. Due to the corresponding politics of memory, the Polish authorities tried to integrate Western Ukraine into a single social and cultural space, the creation of which was quite a difficult task for the postwar Poland. Historical subjects and various kinds of commemorations became unified on the entire territory of the state. Some of the local subjects, for example, "Lviv Eaglets" or the battles of legionnaires near Kostiukhnivka became national, and strengthened the position of the Polish state narrative in Western Ukrainian region. The author argues that the activity of memorialization in Western Ukrainian cities led to the filling of the memory space with Polish symbols. The paper considers the issue of formalism and monotony of Polish commemorative practices in Western Ukraine.

scholarly journals TRAGEDY IN BAZAR IN THE COMMEMORATIVE PRACTICES OF THE ANTI-BOLSHEVIK INSURGENCY AND UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION IN THE 1920s–1930s

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Serhii Stelnykovych
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
First Time ◽  
Coherent Picture

The objective of the article is to investigate the commemorative practices related to the tragedy in Bazar in the context of the anti-Bolshevik insurgency and Ukrainian emigration of the 1920s–1930s. The methodology of the scientific research is based on the general scientific and special historical methods, taking into account the basic principles of historical world perception: historicism, scientific character, objectivity, systematic approach. The principles of historicism and scientific character have made it possible to reproduce the peculiarities of the commemorative practices associated with the tragedy in Bazar in all its complexity and diversity, interrelation and interdependence with the events of the time. The principle of objectivity is a helpful way to analyze the outlined problem with a critical survey of reference data. The principle of the systematic approach has enabled us to form a coherent picture of the manifestations of the commemorative practices in memory of the victims of the tragedy during the outlined period. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it examines the events of November 1921 from the standpoint of the historical memory schools for the first time. A great variety of reference data has made it possible to examine the commemorative practices in the memory of the victims of the tragedy in Bazar in a short chronological period from the 1920s and during the 1930s. As a result of the study, the author concludes that the first attempts to commemorate the victims at their burial sites occurred in the early 1920s. The preservation of the memory of the tragedy in Bazar fostered the spread of anti-Bolshevik insurgencies in Zhytomyr region. As the Soviet authorities aimed to destroy the historical memory of the victims of the November 1921 execution, the attempts to preserve it through various commemorative practices were connected with the Ukrainian political emigration abroad (Poland, France, and Czechoslovakia) because the former Ukrainian military as well as the emigration government structures of the UNR were situated there. In the interwar period the commemoration of the tragedy in Bazar was embodied and reflected in the works of fine art. Furthermore, memoirs on both the Second Winter Campaign of the UNR Army and the tragedy in Bazar were published during this time.

scholarly journals «Pope for Ukraine»: Humanitarian Aid from Vatican to Ukraine in the Face of Russian Aggression

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-184
Author(s):  
Olha Sukhobokova
Keyword(s):  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
The Face ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
First Time

The methodology of scientific research is based on general scientific and special historical methods, taking into account the basic principles of historical knowledge: historicism, science, objectivity,systematization. The principles of historicism and science have made it possible to recreate the circumstances and the process of raising funds and providing humanitarian aid to Ukraine by the Vatican. The principle of objectivity allowed us to critically analyze the source base, which was based on publications in the Ukrainian-language and Italian-language press and online publications. The principle of systematization allowed us to form a holistic picture of the Vatican’s assistance to Ukrainian citizens affected by hostilities in the east of the country. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time, on the basis of a wide source base, the reasons, course and results of the Vatican’s humanitarian action «Pope for Ukraine» are comprehensively considered. The author concludes that the assistance under the program was provided to the Ukrainian population in the frontline territories and the territory not controlled by Ukraine, in a number of regions of Ukraine, where migrants from the war-torn Luhansk and Donetsk moved. It was implemented by the technical committee and the secretariat both through partner organizations and certain local projects (for example, the reconstruction of social facilities in frontline cities), and provided targeted to families or individuals. The main areas of the assistance were solving urgent household problems of migrants and the population near and along the front line (heating and insulation of the house in winter, clothing), medical services and medicines, food, drinking water, basic necessities etc. Priority was given to children, large families, retirees, people with disabilities and other most vulnerable groups. In total, more than 881,000 Ukrainians were covered by the Vatican help during the whole period of the action. At the same time, the article focuses on the political and diplomatic significance of the «Pope for Ukraine» campaign, which has become a powerful signal to the European Union and the world to support Ukraine and counter Russian armed aggression.

scholarly journals SOVIET REPRESSIONS AGAINST THE CLERGE OF THE GREEK CATHOLIC CHURCH IN 1944–1947 (ON THE EXAMPLE OF FR. IVAN KOTIV’S BIOGRAPHY)

2021 ◽  
pp. 319-341
Author(s):  
Mykola Haliv ◽  
Anna Ohar
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Catholic Clergy ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
The Media ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time

Summary. Based on the prosopographic approach and analysis of the Fr. Ivan Kotiv biography the article studies the forms and methods of Soviet repressions against the Greek Catholic clergy. The purpose of the article is on the example of the relations of the Soviet special bodies with Fr. Ivan Kotiv to analyze and cover the repressive activities against the Greek Catholic Church in 1944–1947. The research methodology is based on prosopographic approach, principles of historicism, scientific, authorial objectivity, application of general scientific (deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical (historical-genetic, historical-systemic, historical-typological) methods. The novelty of the study is that for the first time in Ukrainian historical science an attempt has been made to shed light on the repressive activities of the Soviet authorities against the Greek Catholic clergy through the prism of a prosographic analysis of the activities of Fr. Ivan Kotiv, one of the informal leaders of the Greek Catholic clergy in the liquidation of the GCC. The Conclusions. Thus, on the example of the relations of the Soviet special bodies with Fr. Ivan Kotiv analyzed and covered the repressive activities against the GCC in 1944–1946. In our opinion, the repressive policy of the Soviet authorities towards the clergy of the GCC during the outlined period can be divided into several stages: 1) stage of "soft pressure" (August 1944 – March 1945), which was characterized by careful study and analysis of the internal situation of the GCC, personality traits of leading figures among the Greek Catholic clergy, gradual propaganda and intelligence training of the Union Church to join the ROC, dissemination of rhetoric individually and through the media and study the clergy the idea; 2) the stage of organizational and repressive pressure (April 1945 – March 1946), which was marked by the arrests of the top of the GCC, the creation and operation of the CIG, neutralization of opposition attempts led by K. Sheptytsky and I. Kotiv to conduct special operations to "reunite" churches; 3) the stage of total repressions against the clergy, which did not recognize the decisions of the Lviv Pseudo-Council (March 1946 – May 1947). In fact, all these stages are quite clearly traced in the relationship of Fr. I. Kotiv with the Soviet authorities, and thus his activity in the period under study is quite representative and prosopographically relevant for understanding the complexity of the GCC in the restoration of the Soviet totalitarian regime in the Western Ukraine in the first postwar years.

scholarly journals Cognitive nature of metaphor in the language of Olga Kobylyanska's works

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Yulia Rusnak
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
First Time ◽  
Linguistic Means

The purpose of the article is to analyze the structural and semantic features of metaphor in the Olga Kobylyanska’s artistic discourse. The relevance of the article is determined by the need of further in-depth study of Olga Kobylyanskaya idiostyle in order to form a cognitive-pragmatic conception of the writer's artistic discourse.  The novelty of scientific work is due to the fact that the cognitive nature of metaphor in the language of the O. Kobylyanska’s works is studied for the first time. Research methods. In the article as the main general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis are used, as well as linguistic – descriptive, structural and comparative and historical methods. Conclusions. Olga Kobylyanska's artistic discourse is characterized by the convergence of linguistic means, in particular, her works are full of metaphors of different nature. We recorded one-word and multi-words metaphors. One-word metaphors are dominated by addresses. In multi-words metaphors the semantic load falls on one of the components of the syntactic construction. Many metaphors describe the mental state of human. Often the metaphor is complemented by comparison, inversion, oxymoron etc. In creating of metaphorical constructions the writer uses the following images: soul, heart (to convey the psycho-emotional state of the characters), bread (to denote the property status), lilies (means pure girl’s love), dirty spot (to denote difficult memories), the sun in souls (to depict joyful events). Metaphors contain a number of verbs used figuratively. We distinguish metaphors formed on the basis of interparadigmatic transferred meanings, which come from the artistic (sculpture), musical, theatrical, sacred, financial spheres.

scholarly journals ACTIVITIES OF THE SPIES OF ATAMAN NECRASOV ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN STATE (1708-1720s) PART 2

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
D. V. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Search Engines ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Russian State ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
First Time

The author investigated the reasons, forms and methods for sending spies from the territory of the Kuban, part of the Crimean Khanate to Russia. The Spies "subversive" activities were most often directed by the ataman Ignat Nekrasov. For the first time in academia, the author systematically analyzed the tasks assigned to these Nekrasov spies, as well as the conditions that both facilitated and hindered their implementation. Achieving the goal and objectives of this article, general scientific and special historical methods were used. The article is based on written historical sources XVIII c. from several Russian federal and state archives. The paper focuses on the geography of the "subversive" activities of such people. The analysis of their composition and the peculiarities of training to perform tasks that are not always associated with the collection of intelligence information on the territory of Russia. In addition, the reactions of various categories of Russian subjects who communicated with the spies of Ignat Nekrasov were identified and studied. Numerous search engines have been systematically analyzed, preventive measures of the Russian authorities aimed at suppressing / preventing the activities of the Nekrasov spies, as well as at their capture and organization of interrogations.

scholarly journals MARCUS LICINIUS CRASSUS AND THE FIRST TRIUMVIRATE

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Roman Tarnavskiy
Keyword(s):  
Gain Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Synthesis Problem ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Military Career ◽  
Political Position ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Military Campaign ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
First Time

Summary. The article deals with the activities of Marcus Licinius Crassus as a triumvir and the consequences of his participation in the triumvirate. The methodology of the study is based on the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity, general scientific and special historical methods: analysis, synthesis, problem-chronological and the method of historical reconstruction. The scientific novelty is that for the first time in the Ukrainian historiography the article considers the activity of Marcus Licinius Crassus as a triumvir and his achievements of his participation in the triumvirate. With Caesar and Pompey’s support Crassus reached the consulate for the second time taking control of the province of Syria, which was the culmination of his political and military career. The conclusions are as follows. Crassus’ political position was strengthened with the foundation of the triumvirate, but his political dividends were initially the most modest compared to those received by Caesar and Pompey. This exacerbated the contradictions between him and the other members of the triumvirate. The triumvirs managed to settle disputes and restore unity at a conference at Lucca in 56 BC, after which the alliance of Caesar, Pompey and Crassus became obvious to all. Crassus received assurances of support for the fulfillment of all his desires and was able to implement everything planned, as well as the other members of the triumvirate. It was Crassus’ participation in an alliance with Caesar and Pompey and their support that allowed Crassus to achieve a second consulate, to gain control of the province of Syria and organize a military campaign against the Parthian kingdom.

scholarly journals Features of Introducing Blockchain Technology in Digital Economy Developing Conditions in Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 04023
Author(s):  
Elnorakhon Muminova ◽  
Guzal Honkeldiyeva ◽  
Konstantin Kurpayanidi ◽  
Shokhistakhon Akhunova ◽  
Sevarakhon Hamdamova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
National Economy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Account System

The article presents blockchain technology for developing national digital economy, efficiency of digitalization and basic principles of digitalization, and a set of blocks requiring material resources. The purpose of the article is to study features of digital economy development and propose application of blockchain technology in national economy sphere. Research methods: The instrumental and methodical apparatus of research based on application, in framework of a systematic approach, general scientific research methods. Implementing blockchain technology in financial system at micro-macro degrees, insurance system, system of government, electron trade system, industrial system, intellectual property account system, education system, health care system was analyzed in this article. Organizing in perfect way the operations to implement the digital economy in Uzbekistan, and develop and establish large financial projects at the state level, moreover, illustrated in details importance of using blockchain technology in national economy industries while developing and establishing large financial projects at the state level.

scholarly journals ORTHODOX BROTHERHOODS OF UKRAINE IN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE XIX ‒ EARLY XXI CENTURY: SOURCE STUDY ASPECT

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-64
Author(s):  
Vasyl Menko
Keyword(s):  
Legal Basis ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
First Time ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Comprehensive Coverage

Summary. The purpose of the research is to show the historiographical source base of the study of Orthodox brotherhoods in Ukraine in the historical science of the XIX ‒ early XXI century. Show that the source base of the study is characterized by a sufficient variety of materials and comprehensive coverage of the subject, is representative. Prove that the historiographical source materials provide sufficient grounds for a reasonable assessment of the work on the study of various aspects of the genesis of the Orthodox brotherhoods of the Kyiv Metropolis of the XVI‒XVIII centuries, the legal basis of their existence and the main activities. The research methodology is based on the application of general scientific and special-historical methods. The principles of historicism, objectivity and value approach to the studied phenomena are observed. The scientific novelty is that for the first time the classification of historiographical sources for the study of the historiography of the Orthodox brotherhoods of Ukraine was carried out. Conclusions. The historiographical source base of the study of the Orthodox fraternities of Ukraine is characterized by a sufficient variety of materials and comprehensive coverage of the subject of study. In general, the source base is quite representative and able to ensure the implementation of the goal and solve research problems. Historiographical source materials provide sufficient grounds for a reasonable assessment of the work on the study of various aspects of the genesis of the Orthodox fraternities of the Kyiv metropolitanate, the legal basis for their existence and the main activities.

scholarly journals EVERYDAY LIFE IN DROHOBYCH TEACHER’S INSTITUTE: A NEW DOCUMENT IN HISTORY (1946–1949)

2021 ◽  
pp. 342-364
Author(s):  
Vasyl Ilnytskyi ◽  
Nataliya Kantor ◽  
Taras Batiuk
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
District Leadership ◽  
The State ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Summary. The purpose of the article is to publish and analyze an underground document from the Lapayev Archive "Report on Life at the State Teachers’ Institute in Drohobych" (1949) as a source for the history of everyday life at the Drohobych Teachers’ Institute in particular and in Western Ukraine in general. Research methodology – the principles of science, objectivity, historicism, methods of external and internal criticism of sources. The scientific novelty is that for the first time a hitherto unknown document on everyday life at the Drohobych Teachers’ Institute (1949) is introduced into scientific circulation and its analysis is carried out. Conclusions. Thus, the published document ("Report on Life at the State Teachers’ Institute in Drohobych") is an important source for studying the everyday history not only of the Drohobych Institute (1948–1949), but also of the whole of Western Ukraine. It is stored in the Archives of the Center for the Study of the Liberation Movement (Fund 63, Volume 4, Sheet 1‒4). The author of the document is the propaganda officer of the Drohobych OUN supra-district leadership J. Luzhetsky-"Stone" (who in this document signed one of the pseudonyms "5-TR"). The document itself was prepared on August 9, 1949. Although it includes information reports for 1948 – the first half of 1949. Note that the published documents are an important source for a comprehensive study of everyday life Drohobych Institute (1948–1949) in particular and postwar life residents of the Western Ukraine in general. The vocabulary, author’s and editorial features of the sources are preserved in the publication as much as possible. Own and geographical names are given without changes. Only the most obvious grammatical flaws could be corrected. Each document is accompanied by a legend, which indicates the place of storage of the document (name of the archive, fund number, description, case, sheets).

scholarly journals NAZI OCCUPATION AND DISMANTLING OF COMMUNIST MONUMENTS IN UKRAINE DURING WORLD WAR II

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-88
Author(s):  
Serhii Stelnykovych ◽  
Oleksandr Zhukovskyi ◽  
Olga Bilobrovets
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Local Population ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Methods

This paper considers the measures undertaken by the Nazi occupation administration to dismantle Communist monuments in Ukraine during World War II. The research methodology integrates general scientific and special historical methods and the basic principles of historical research, namely: historicism, scientificity, objectivity, and systematicity. The principles of historicism and scientificity have contributed to complex representation of the processes of dismantling the Bolshevik monuments in interconnection and interrelation with the events of that period. The principle of objectivity has facilitated the analysis of the outlined issues taking into account the objective historical regularities, based on a critical analysis of the specialized literature and sources. The principle of systematicity has been used togain a holistic picture of Communist monuments dismantling in Ukraine during World War II. This paper is the first research considering the measures to dismantle Communist monuments in Ukraine under the Nazi occupation on the basis of a comprehensive range of historical sources. The authors come to the conclusion that dismantling of Communist monuments in Ukraine was initiated at the beginning of the Nazi occupation. Bolshevik monuments were often demolished, whereas monuments without any ideological charge were preserved. The policy was supported by the local population, who associated ideological monuments with the Bolshevik anti-Ukrainian policy of the interwar period. To sustain anti-Soviet sentiments, the occupation administration promoted the local initiatives to erect monuments with anti-Bolshevik content (mostly monuments in memory of the Ukrainians executed by the NKVD). The evidence from this study indicates that Bolshevik ideological monuments were completely demolished on the territory of Ukraine during World War II.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document