scholarly journals Addressing opioid misuse: Hero Help as a recovery and behavioural health response

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Ellen A. Donnelly ◽  
Madeline Stenger ◽  
Shannon Streisel ◽  
Daniel J. O'Connell ◽  
Jessica Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Behavioural Health ◽  
Using Data

Increases in opioid-related overdoses have required law enforcement and public health officials to collectively develop new approaches that treat substance use disorders and save lives. This essay describes the Hero Help recovery and behavioural health assistance program, a Delaware-based initiative providing drug treatment to qualifying adults who contact the police and ask for treatment, or to individuals in lieu of an arrest or upon recommendation by a police officer. Led by the New Castle County Division of Police, this collaborative project has brought together stakeholders from public health and criminal justice to coordinate treatment for people suffering from a substance use disorder and/or mental health problems. This essay describes the goals, evolution, and key activities of the program. It further highlights lessons learned, including improving credibility through concerted community outreach, finding ways to overcome the stigma associated with participating in a law enforcement–based program, gaining officer buy-in, and using data to inform treatment responses. Effectively, this essay seeks to disseminate emerging lessons in creating programming responsive to substance use disorder and mental illness among police departments and their community partners.

scholarly journals Investigating the factor structure of a translated recovery-orientation instrument in inpatient treatment for substance use disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagny Adriaenssen Johannessen ◽  
Amy Østertun Geirdal ◽  
Trond Nordfjærn
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Recovery Orientation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract Background Recovery has been outlined as a process of change through which involvement and empowerment enables individuals to reach their goals and aspirations. Recovery self-assessment (RSA) is an instrument that has been acknowledged as an applicable measure of recovery-orientation in services for people with mental health problems or substance use disorder (SUD). This study aimed to translate RSA from US English to Norwegian and to investigate the factor structure of the translated version (RSA-N). Methods A translate/back-translate procedure was used. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to investigate the factor structure of RSA-N in a sample of clinicians (n = 407) working in inpatient SUD treatment facilities. Results The results suggested that the hypothesised five-factor structure originally obtained by the developers showed an inadequate fit with the current data sample. RSA-N was modified and restructured by removing twelve misfitting items and combining factors with high covariance using data from one subsample. The alternative three-factor structure yielded an acceptable fit for the data from a second subsample. Acceptable alpha coefficients, suggesting good internal consistency, supported the adequacy of the three-factor structure. Conclusions Results from the present study are in line with previous findings, which have failed to replicate the hypothesised five-factor structure without modifications. Knowledge about the degree to which SUD services are recovery-oriented may contribute to SUD services’ pursuit of establishing an inpatient treatment environment that fosters change and development of inpatients. The present study’s findings imply RSA-N’s potential as an instrument to assess recovery-orientation in inpatient SUD treatment.

scholarly journals Student perceptions and lessons learned from flipping a masters level public health course | Perceptions des étudiants et leçons tirées d’une classe inversée pour un cours de maîtrise en santé environnementale et professionnelle

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay P. Galway ◽  
Barbara Berry ◽  
Timothy Takaro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Instructional Model ◽  
Santé Environnementale ◽  
Health Course ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Groupe De Discussion

The flipped classroom instructional model has emerged as an alternative to conventional lecture-based teaching that has dominated higher education for decades. In 2013, a cohort of graduate-level public health students participated in a flipped environmental and occupational health course. We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of this course. Using data collected from a post-course survey, focus group sessions, and classroom observation, we examine student perceptions of the flipped classroom instructional model and synthesize lessons learned from flipping the classroom more broadly. Post-course survey data indicate that students had generally positive perceptions towards the flipped classroom instructional model. Four major themes emerged from the focus group data in relation to perceptions of the flipped classroom: knowledge application, content delivery, innovation, and connecting the online and in-class components. These results are promising and suggest that this approach warrants further consideration and research. Le modèle pédagogique de la classe inversée a émergé comme solution de rechange à l’enseignement traditionnel par cours magistraux qui a dominé l’éducation supérieure pendant des décennies. En 2013, une cohorte d’étudiants en santé publique aux cycles supérieurs a participé à un cours inversé sur la santé environnementale et professionnelle. Nous présentons la conception, la mise en œuvre et l’évaluation de ce cours. À l’aide de données recueillies par l’entremise d’un sondage après le cours, lors de séances de discussion en groupe et d’observation en classe, nous examinons les perceptions qu’ont les étudiants du modèle pédagogique de la classe inversée et résumons les leçons tirées qui sont pertinentes pour les cours inversés en général. Les données du sondage réalisé après le cours indiquent que les étudiants avaient des perceptions pour la plupart positives du modèle pédagogique de la classe inversée. Quatre thèmes principaux ont émergé des données du groupe de discussion relativement aux perceptions sur la classe inversée : mise en application des connaissances, diffusion du contenu, innovation et lien entre les composantes en ligne et en classe. Ces résultats sont prometteurs et suggèrent que cette approche devrait faire l’objet de plus de considération et de recherche.

Boredom Proneness and Aggression Among People With Substance Use Disorder: The Mediating Role of Trait Anger and Impulsivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Qilong Cao ◽  
Jing An
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Trait Anger ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Boredom Proneness ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Multiple Mediator Model ◽  
The Relationship

Boredom proneness has been linked to aggressive behaviors; however, the relationship between them is not well understood. To better understand the mechanism underlying the relationship between boredom proneness and aggression, a serial multiple mediator model was built, where boredom proneness impacted aggression simultaneously through (a) impulsivity, (b) trait anger, and (c) impulsivity to trait anger. Using data collected among Chinese substance users, a battery of interview questionnaires was completed. Results from this study indicate a positive relationship between boredom proneness, impulsivity, trait anger, and aggression. Moreover, the mediating role of impulsivity, trait anger, and both impulsivity and trait anger in serial were found. This study reflects that the link from boredom proneness to aggression among substances users could be partially explained via impulsivity and anger.

scholarly journals Immigrant Generation, Stress Exposure, and Substance Abuse among a South Florida Sample of Hispanic Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311984301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Salerno ◽  
John Taylor ◽  
Quentin K. Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Generational Status ◽  
Dade County ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
Using Data

Existing research finds that succeeding immigrant generations are at greater risk for mental health problems as well as higher levels of substance use. Previous studies have attempted to unpack the role of acculturation stress, discrimination, and other factors in these outcomes. Using data from a community-based sample of Miami-Dade County young adults, we use an empirically and theoretically precise measurement of generational status, allowing us to better understand the process of acculturation and adaptation experienced by each generation. Our results are consistent with theories on the relationship between exposure to social stress and substance use. We find that first-generation immigrants have less exposure to social stress and as a consequence are at a decreased risk for involvement in substance use compared to second- and third-generation immigrants, who report being exposed to higher levels of social stress and higher levels of substance use.

scholarly journals Association between mental health comorbidity and health outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Guerrero Fernández de Alba ◽  
Antonio Gimeno-Miguel ◽  
Beatriz Poblador-Plou ◽  
Luis Andrés Gimeno-Feliu ◽  
Ignatios Ioakeim-Skoufa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Emergency Room Visit ◽  
Mental Health Problems

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is often accompanied by chronic diseases, including mental health problems. We aimed at studying mental health comorbidity prevalence in T2D patients and its association with T2D outcomes through a retrospective, observational study of individuals of the EpiChron Cohort (Aragón, Spain) with prevalent T2D in 2011 (n = 63,365). Participants were categorized as having or not mental health comorbidity (i.e., depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and/or substance use disorder). We performed logistic regression models, controlled for age, sex and comorbidities, to analyse the likelihood of 4-year mortality, 1-year all-cause hospitalization, T2D-hospitalization, and emergency room visit. Mental health comorbidity was observed in 19% of patients. Depression was the most frequent condition, especially in women (20.7% vs. 7.57%). Mortality risk was higher in patients with mental health comorbidity (odds ratio 1.24; 95% confidence interval 1.16–1.31), especially in those with substance use disorder (2.18; 1.84–2.57) and schizophrenia (1.82; 1.50–2.21). Mental health comorbidity also increased the likelihood of all-cause hospitalization (1.16; 1.10–1.23), T2D-hospitalization (1.51; 1.18–1.93) and emergency room visit (1.26; 1.21–1.32). These results suggest that T2D healthcare management should include specific strategies for the early detection and treatment of mental health problems to reduce its impact on health outcomes.

scholarly journals Responding to the Opioid Epidemic: Educational Competencies for Pain and Substance Use Disorder from the Medical Schools of the University of California

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Servis ◽  
Scott M Fishman ◽  
Mark S Wallace ◽  
Stephen G Henry ◽  
Doug Ziedonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Opioid Crisis ◽  
The University

Abstract Objective The University of California (UC) leadership sought to develop a robust educational response to the epidemic of opioid-related deaths. Because the contributors to this current crisis are multifactorial, a comprehensive response requires educating future physicians about safe and effective management of pain, safer opioid prescribing, and identification and treatment of substance use disorder (SUD). Methods The six UC medical schools appointed an opioid crisis workgroup to develop educational strategies and a coordinated response to the opioid epidemic. The workgroup had diverse specialty and disciplinary representation. This workgroup focused on developing a foundational set of educational competencies for adoption across all UC medical schools that address pain, SUD, and public health concerns related to the opioid crisis. Results The UC pain and SUD competencies were either newly created or adapted from existing competencies that addressed pain, SUD, and opioid and other prescription drug misuse. The final competencies covered three domains: pain, SUD, and public health issues related to the opioid crisis. Conclusions The authors present a novel set of educational competencies as a response to the opioid crisis. These competencies emphasize the subject areas that are fundamental to the opioid crisis: pain management, the safe use of opioids, and understanding and treating SUD.

Exploring law enforcement and public health as a collective impact initiative: lessons learned from Tasmania as a case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Julian ◽  
Isabelle Bartkowiak-Théron ◽  
Jackie Hallam ◽  
Clarissa Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
State Level ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Collective Impact ◽  
Impact Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mapping Process ◽  
Potential Benefits

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential benefits as well as some of the practical barriers to the implementation of a collective impact initiative in law enforcement and public health (LEPH) in Tasmania, Australia. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a review of programs, agencies and initiatives that are at the intersection of LEPH in Tasmania, through an analysis of the findings in evaluation reports, and the views of practitioners identified at a workshop on LEPH held at a national AOD conference and facilitated by the authors. Findings The strengths of collective impact initiatives, particularly in LEPH, are presented and some weaknesses identified. Some major obstacles to the consolidation of LEPH initiatives include siloed ways of working and budgets, lack of leadership and political will. Some progress has been made in addressing these weaknesses, although addressing complex social problems by moving beyond inter-agency collaboration toward an integrated model of service provision remains challenging. Practical implications The authors argue that there are practical benefits to the adoption of a collective impact model to address problems in Tasmania that lie at the nexus between LEPH. In reviewing existing collaborations, the authors demonstrate the value of a structural mapping process to identify ways forward for government and non-government agencies that are inclined to go further in merging the two disciplinary areas. The authors offer some suggestions with respect to identifying the preconditions for a collective impact model and how to build on these to initiate action. Originality/value A significant proportion of the literature on LEPH remains at a conceptual and theoretical level. This contribution highlights some practical issues while looking at existing examples of collaboration across LEPH at a state level in Australia, and starts mapping a way forward for constructing more integrative LEPH initiatives.

Substance use disorder and the baby boomers: Does German outpatient addiction care face a change?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Specht ◽  
B Braun-Michl ◽  
L Schwarzkopf ◽  
D Piontek ◽  
N Seitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Sustained Change ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Addiction Care ◽  
Primary Substance

Abstract Background The aging of baby boomers is expected to confront addiction care with new challenges. This study aims to investigate if German addiction care is confronted with a sustained change in its clientele that was initiated by the baby boomers. Methods Using data from Berlin outpatient addiction care facilities, we contrasted type of primary substance use disorder and number of comorbid substance use disorders in baby boomers with an older (n = 6524) as well as a younger cohort (n = 15677). To isolate cohort effects, two-level random-intercept regression models were applied in the overlapping age groups of the baby boomer cohort with each other cohort. Results Compared to the older cohort, alcohol use disorder lost importance while illicit substances use disorder gained importance in the baby boomers. Baby boomers presented a higher number of comorbid substance use disorders than the older cohort. Comparing baby boomers with the younger cohort, these relationships pointed in the opposite direction. Conclusions Outpatient addiction care faces a sustained change to more illicit and comorbid substance use disorders. The addiction care system ought to adapt its services to address the changing needs of its clientele. Key messages Baby boomers differed in comparison to the older cohort regarding type of substance use disorder and comorbid substance use disorders. The changes set off by the baby boomers continued in the younger cohort.

What Elephant? Pedagogical Approaches to Addressing Stigma Toward Mental Disorders in Undergraduate Public Health Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 237337992092287
Author(s):  
Briana Mezuk ◽  
Belinda Needham ◽  
Kevin Joiner ◽  
Daphne Watkins ◽  
Sarah Stoddard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Undergraduate Public Health ◽  
Pedagogical Approaches

In the past decade, the number of undergraduate public health programs has increased exponentially. This growth provides a unique opportunity to explore concepts and issues relevant to understanding the determinants of health at a population level using new pedagogical approaches. One of these issues is stigma toward mental disorders. Stigma is a concept that refers to a feature or characteristic that reduces, devalues, and disempowers a person. Given the prevalence of mental and substance use disorders among college students, undergraduate education is an important setting for attempting to address stigmatizing attitudes both for society at large and for faculty, staff, and students, including those experiencing mental health problems. This article describes an effort to develop an undergraduate course in public mental health that explicitly addresses the ways stigma shapes student understanding of this topic and discusses lessons learned from this experience.

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