scholarly journals Coexistence of Lobelia dortmanna and Cladium mariscus, an ecological and paleobotanical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-217
Author(s):  
Krystyna Milecka ◽  
Grzegorz Kowalewski ◽  
Agnieszka Lewandowska ◽  
Witold Szczuciński ◽  
Tomasz Goslar
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
National Park ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Eutrophic Water ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Organic Sediments ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Century Development ◽  
Myriophyllum Alterniflorum

Lobelia dortmanna L. (Lobeliaceae family) is an indicator species that is predominantly found in oligotrophic and acidic lakes. They are mainly distributed in northwestern Europe. Their occurrence in Poland is highly threatened by the increasing grade of human activity and environmental eutrophication; however, new sites of Lobelia were discovered in the last few decades, for example, in Lake Krzywce Wielkie situated in Bory Tucholskie National Park (BTNP), Poland. The existence of Lobelia in this lake was unexpected because Cladium mariscus was also found in the lake. Cladium has different ecological demands and is regarded as a species typical of calcareous habitats where calcium is found in abundance in the substrate. To explain the coexistence of both species in Krzywce Wielkie, pollen analysis of organic sediments was performed for four short cores collected from the littoral zone of the lake and for one long deep-water core. Additionally, macrofossil analysis was done for all the short cores. Pollen analysis revealed the existence of Cladium from the early Holocene period up to the present time. Pollen and seeds of Lobelia were found to be present since the beginning of the 20th century. Development of L. dortmanna and Myriophyllum alterniflorum populations and a decrease in the number of aquatic macrophytes in the eutrophic water indicate oligotrophication of water. This process started following the construction of drainage canal and the consequent water level decrease. This situation can be attributed to the abandonment of the agricultural areas adjoining the lake, which causes a decrease in the inflow of nutrients into the lake. Development of pine forest and establishment of BTNP enabled the protection and conservation of the surrounding catchment areas, thus restricting the potential eutrophication of the habitats.

scholarly journals Aquatic macrophytes as indicators of heavy metal pollution of water in DTD canal system

2003 ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Pajevic ◽  
Mirjana Vuckovic ◽  
Zarko Kevresan ◽  
Milan Matavulj ◽  
Snezana Radulovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Ceratophyllum Demersum ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Drainage Waters

The aim of this investigation was to establish the presence or absence of chemical contamination of water and the littoral zone (banks) of Danube-Tisza-Danube (DTD) canal system. The investigation covered the canal section from Bezdan to Prigrevica. By analyzing the chemical composition of dominant aquatic species in four locations of the section, we defined the species with the highest capacity to accumulate nutrients and heavy metals. Concentrations of P and K as well as of a beneficial element Na in the tissues of the analyzed macrophytes were both species- and site-dependent. The highest accumulation was registered for Ceratophyllum demersum while the species Elodea canadensis showed increased P and K accumulation values in the location Sombor. The lowest concentrations of almost all heavy metals were recorded near Sombor, indicating that this section suffered the lowest chemical pollution. Highest concentrations of all of the analyzed heavy metals were recorded in the tissue of Ceratophyllum demersum from the location Prigrevica, possibly due to the influx of polluted drainage waters from surrounding agricultural areas as well as industrial wastewaters. The obtained results showed that the enforcement of biomonitoring and analyses of other parameters indicative of ecosystem conditions might be useful for improved protection of areas experiencing a strong human impact.

scholarly journals Body size, sex and high philopatry influence the use of agricultural land by Galapagos giant tortoises

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kyana N. Pike ◽  
Stephen Blake ◽  
Freddy Cabrera ◽  
Iain J. Gordon ◽  
Lin Schwarzkopf
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Large Male ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Santa Cruz Island ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Privately Owned

Abstract As agricultural areas expand, interactions between wild animals and farmland are increasing. Understanding the nature of such interactions is vital to inform the management of human–wildlife coexistence. We investigated patterns of space use of two Critically Endangered Galapagos tortoise species, Chelonoidis porteri and Chelonoidis donfaustoi, on privately owned and agricultural land (hereafter farms) on Santa Cruz Island, where a human–wildlife conflict is emerging. We used GPS data from 45 tortoises tracked for up to 9 years, and data on farm characteristics, to identify factors that influence tortoise movement and habitat use in the agricultural zone. Sixty-nine per cent of tagged tortoises used the agricultural zone, where they remained for a mean of 150 days before returning to the national park. Large male tortoises were more likely to use farms for longer periods than female and smaller individuals. Tortoises were philopatric (mean overlap of farmland visits = 88.7 ± SE 2.9%), on average visiting four farms and occupying a mean seasonal range of 2.9 ± SE 0.3 ha. We discuss the characteristics of farm use by tortoises, and its implications for tortoise conservation and coexistence with people.

scholarly journals Coyote (Canis latrans) Habitat use and Mortality in Grand Teton National Park and Suburban-Agricultural Areas of Jackson Hole, Wyoming

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Matt McGee ◽  
Stan Anderson ◽  
Doug Wachob
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
National Park ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Jackson Hole ◽  
Agricultural Areas

A study of coyote (Canis latrans) habitat use and mortality in Grand Teton National Park and the suburban-agricultural land surrounding Jackson, WY was conducted between September 1999 and August 2000. This research focused on the influence of human development, habitat type, topography, and simulated wolf presence on coyote habitat use and on coyote mortality patterns in undeveloped and suburban-agricultural land. The overall goal of this project was to provide baseline information on the coyote population in Jackson Hole that can be used in the future to determine what, if any, impact wolves and human developments may have on coyotes. There were a total of fifteen radio-collared coyotes in the suburban-agricultural area and fourteen radio collared coyotes in Grand Teton National Park and adjacent areas in the National Elk Refuge and Bridger-Teton National Forest. Marked coyotes were tracked weekly using short interval telemetry relocations and triangulation to determine habitat use patterns. During the winter, track transects were skied weekly and coyote trails were backtracked and mapped using hand held GPS units to determine fine scale habitat use patterns. Coyote mortality was determined via telemetry and direct observation. Preliminary data analyses suggest that coyotes use mainly sagebrush-grasslands or forest-shrub-grass edge areas and avoid forest interior areas. Coyotes frequently use trails and roads in the undeveloped area when moving long distances. Preliminary analysis also indicates that roads and trails are used in a greater proportion than their abundance on the landscape. Coyotes were frequently observed using riparian corridors to move between open meadows in the suburban-agricultural area. There is some evidence that suggests coyotes selectively travel fences and irrigation ditches for long distances in agricultural areas. The movement data also suggests that coyotes avoid developed areas during the day and travel in these developed areas at night. The data on coyote locations suggests some avoidance of wolf urine scent grids in the undeveloped area, but not in the developed area. Coyote mortality was primarily human caused, and coyotes that were male, transient, and lived in the suburban-agricultural area were the most commonly killed animals.

scholarly journals Disturbances Of The Holocene Lake-Bog Sediment Succession As Revealed By Pollen Record From Wietrzychowice (Southeastern Kujawy, Central Poland)

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Eva Břízová ◽  
Małgorzata Roman
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Pollen Data ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The Third ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Organic Sediments ◽  
Funnel Beaker Culture

Abstract Results of geological and pollen investigations of the lake-bog sediments from the section Wietrzychowice W5, located nearby the Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture (FBC) megaliths, are presented. The pollen data reveal that sedimentation at Wietrzychowice has begun at the beginning of the Holocene (Preboreal). Pollen analysis was used to determine stratigraphy with regard to sediment characteristics. The pollen spectrum was divided into 8 LPAZes (1-7Xa, 7Xb) which were also, where possible, stratigraphically classified. Radiocarbon dating of 6 730 ± 90 BP (5 730–5 480 BC, MKL-702) at depth of 1.20 m confirmed the pollen analysis age estimation. Five settlement episodes were found in organic sediments in the upper part of the W5 core. The first was presumably during the Preboreal, the second in the early Atlantic, the third in the late Atlantic (probably Neolithic FBC), the fourth in the early Middle Ages and the last one in the late Middle Ages. The pollen analysis was useful to point irregularities in sediment succession. Such a situation made palaeoenvironmental interpretation difficult, but further research is still needed to enable an accurate reconstruction.

scholarly journals Factors Controlling Macrophyte Breakage in Jackson Lake, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Michael Parker ◽  
Carol Brewer ◽  
Thomas Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Littoral Zone ◽  
National Park ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Macrophyte Community ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
And Function

The research described here is part of a two year study to characterize the structure and function of the littoral macrophyte community in Jackson Lake, Wyoming. The objectives for the second year were to perform experiments to: 1) Index water movement in the littoral zone of the lake; 2) Identify the zones where the greatest plant breakage occured; 3) Determine the mechanisms and the absolute force required to break the main axis of a plant, and; 4) Measure the productivity of several species of macrophytes.

scholarly journals Novedades florísticas en el Parque Nacional de Doñana (Sw España).

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Fernández Zamudio ◽  
Santos Cirujano ◽  
Iván Nieto Gil ◽  
M. Dolores Cobo ◽  
Arturo Sousa Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Doñana National Park ◽  
Sw Spain ◽  
Palabras Clave

New floristic records for Doñana National Park (Sw Spain)Palabras clave. Flora, macrófitos acuáticos, Chara, Azolla, especies amenazadas, especies invasoras, Doñana, humedales.Key words. Flora, aquatic macrophytes, Chara, Azolla, threatened species, invasive species, Doñana, wetlands.

scholarly journals Food and nutrition of Gaur (Bos gaurus C.H. Smith, 1827) at the edge of Khao Yai National Park, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rattanawat Chaiyarat ◽  
Suphat Prasopsin ◽  
Naris Bhumpakphan
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Khao Yai National Park ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Bos Gaurus ◽  
Human Conflict ◽  
Agricultural Areas

AbstractThe presence of gaur (Bos gaurus) at the border of Khao Yai National Park (KYNP) in Thailand has resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of individuals’ crop feeding. This study examines the feeding adaptations of gaur at the edge of the protected area and assesses whether gaur response to increased nutrient availability in crop plants compared to natural forage. During the day, gaur mostly utilized forest areas in KYNP and entered the agricultural areas at night. Gaur ate 43 natural forage species. Natural forage species contain high levels of crude protein and lipid, but they are found in small quantities and scattered areas when compared to crop plants, especially Zea mays L., that are available in large quantity and are heavily foraged on by gaur. However, greater understanding of the electivity index and nutrition of forage species along the edge of the protected area can be used to reduce the gaur-human conflict by keeping gaur in KYNP. Reducing the large monoculture areas that is the food sources of gaur along the edge may reduce or prevent gaur leaving the park and can be applied to advance conservation actions.

scholarly journals Effects of nickel on the fern Regnellidium diphyllum Lindm. (Marsileaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA. Kieling-Rubio ◽  
A. Droste ◽  
PG. Windisch
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The heterosporous fern Regnellidium diphyllum occurs in southern Brazil and some adjoining localities in Uruguay and Argentina. Currently it is on the list of threatened species in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Anthropic alterations such as the conversion of wetlands into agricultural areas or water and soil contamination by pollutants may compromise the establishment and survival of this species. Nickel (Ni) is an essential nutrient for plants but increasing levels of this metal due to pollution can cause deleterious effects especially in aquatic macrophytes. Megaspore germination tests were performed using Meyer's solution, at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.05, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100 mg L-1 of Ni. The initial development of apomictic sporophytes was studied using solutions containing 0 (control) to 4.8 mg L-1 of Ni. A significant negative relation was observed between the different Ni concentrations and the megaspore germination/sporophyte formation rates. Primary roots, primary leaves and secondary leaves were significantly shorter at 3.2 and 4.8 mg L-1 of Ni, when compared with the treatment without this metal. At 4.8 mg L-1, leaves also presented chlorosis and necrosis. The introduction of pollutants with Ni in the natural habitat of Regnellidium diphyllum may inhibit the establishment of plants in the initial stage of development, a problem to be considered in relation to the conservation of this species.

Dry-Season Distribution and Ecology of Carettochelys-Insculpta (Chelonia, Carettochelydidae) in Kakadu-National-Park, Northern Australia

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
a Georges ◽  
R Kennett
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
Ecological Basis ◽  
Great Scope

Carettochelys insculpta is widely distributed (though not necessarily abundant) in Kakadu National Park during the dry season, occupying permanent billabongs from the black-soil plains to the base of the escarpment. High population densities were found in the upper reaches of the South Alligator drainage (33.8 turtles ha-1; 227.4 kg ha-1) and are interpreted as dry-season concentrations of turtles that would occupy a much wider range in the wet season. C. insculpta nest in clean, fine sand adjacent to water from mid July to early November. About 15 hard-shelled spherical eggs were laid in a shallow chamber (maximum depth 18-21 cm) between 1.0 and 3.7 m from water, with the height above water ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 m. The nests suffered heavy predation from varanid lizards. The turtles are general omnivores that draw upon a wide variety of food, including algae, aquatic macrophytes, fruits, seeds and leaves of riparian vegetation, aquatic macroinvertebrates, and carrion. Its catholic tastes provide great scope for opportunism, and its diet varies greatly in accordance with the foods available from locality to locality. The ecological basis for the restricted global distribution of C. insculpta is unclear since the species appears to have very broad habitat requirements.

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