scholarly journals Results of fundamental and applied seismological research in the Magadan region in 2016-2020

Author(s):  
Larisa Karpenko ◽  
Evgenia Aleshina ◽  
Sergey Kurtkin ◽  
Evgeniy Vedernikov ◽  
Vladimir Atrokhin

The results of fundamental and applied research, carried out by Magadan Branch of GS RAS during 2016-2020 in Magadan and Chukotka regions are presenting. Estimation of Seismic hazard of Russia’s Northeast (Magadan region) and seismic hazard maps for recurrence periods of 500, 1000 and 5000 years in scale close to that of detailed seismic zoning (DSZ) were made in cooperation with Institute of the Earth’s Physics RAS. In course of this work the estimation of initial seismic intensity and parameters of possible ground shaking in areas of critical facilities of Magadan region were made. For all of them a seismic micro zonation was carried out with methods of direct earthquake registration and comparing acoustic impedance. As result, a seismic amplification and intensity of seismic impact on the soils under main critical facilities were obtaining. The research results are shown on detailed seismic zoning maps that are basic for building projects of objects above.

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
A. I. Lutikov ◽  
N. V. Andreeva ◽  
I. P. Gabsatarova ◽  
G. Yu. Dontsova ◽  
L. I. Karpenko

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Caccavale ◽  
Marco Sacchi ◽  
Efisio Spiga ◽  
Sabina Porfido

A hazard assessment of the 1976 Guatemala earthquake (M = 7.5) was conducted to achieve a better definition of the seismic hazard. The assessment was based on the environmental effects that had effectively contributed to the high destructive impact of that event. An interdisciplinary approach was adopted by integrating: (1) historical data; (2) co-seismic geological effects in terms of Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI) scale intensity values; and (3) ground shaking data estimated by a probabilistic/deterministic approach. A detailed analysis of primary and secondary effects was conducted for a set of 24 localities, to obtain a better evaluation of seismic intensity. The new intensity values were compared with the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) distribution estimated using a probabilistic/deterministic hazard analysis approach for the target area. Our results are evidence that the probabilistic/deterministic hazard analysis procedures may result in very different indications on the PGA distributions. Moreover, PGA values often display significant discrepancy from the macroseismic intensity values calculated with the ESI scale. Therefore, the incorporation of the environmental earth effects into the probabilistic/deterministic hazard analysis appears to be mandatory in order to achieve a more accurate seismic estimation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5298
Author(s):  
Igor B. Movchan ◽  
Zilya I. Shaygallyamova ◽  
Alexandra A. Yakovleva ◽  
Alexander B. Movchan

The standard problem of engineering geophysics, solved for road and house building and other construction types, is in the localization of areas with increased mobility in the upper part of a geological cross-section and in the parameterization of this mobility in terms of seismic intensity. There is a standard approach, according to which researchers assess the elastic strength characteristics of the core to a depth of about 30 m, implement the accumulation of seismogram observations, simulate accelerograms for particular conditions and, taking into account the data of complex geophysical methods, calculate the increment of seismic intensity as one of the parameters of a seismic hazard. The final result of this approach has the form of a seismogenic hazard map and a set of recommendations including the consideration of identified areas with a significant increasing seismic intensity increment, due to the peculiarities of the geological structure of polygons. This result is reliable, but very expensive, and requires the development of primary estimations of the rock massif with reduced resistance to external loads, which would optimize the efforts in engineering drilling and in field geophysical measurements in order to densify their spatial grid in the vicinity of a priori known positions with an increased seismogenic hazard. In addition, relatively sparse grids of wells, as well as local geophysical profiles laid under conditions of a complicated landscape, do not accurately localize risky areas in order to focus the attention of builders on strengthening the specific part of raised constructions. Following the wishes of our customers and relying on long-term testing of our interpretational developments, we formed an approach to primary hazard forecasting based on remote sensing data and digital elevation models, which can be classified as data with relatively free access. This article presents the results of research which was based on these free-of-charge data and which was developed in the field of construction of ground engineering structures for agricultural purposes, where one of the factors of mobility in the upper part of a cross-section is intensive karstification. Basically, the construction area according to the general seismic zoning maps is seismologically passive, though the relatively fast dynamics of karst determines the relevance of the detailed seismic zoning. The results of our interpretations are verified by deep geological and structural reconstructions based on wave analogies. The representativeness of the final forecast was confirmed by subsequent seismic assessments, which is related to the scientific novelty of the presented article. The authors’ technology for the qualitative and quantitative interpretation of remote sensing data and digital elevation models with high resolution provides the opportunity to increase the spatial resolution of seismic microzonation forecasts, implemented by standard geophysical methods, and it determines the practical significance of completed research.


Author(s):  
Ю.К. Чернов ◽  
А.Ю. Чернов ◽  
М.И. Читишвили

В РСОАлания проводятся исследования по созданию новой вероятностной карты ДСР данной территории. Составная часть этих исследований разработка эффективных моделей сильных движений грунта (СДГ) при потенциально опасных землетрясениях региона. В первой части посвященной данным исследованиям статьи рассмотрены модели единичных характеристик СДГ пиковых ускорений грунта (PGA), периодов ускорений с максимальной амплитудой (Ta), длительностей основной фазы колебаний (), а также макросейсмической интенсивности (балльности) сотрясений (I). Модели представлены в виде статистически заданных функций распределения вероятностей случайных величин (значений параметров колебаний и силы сотрясений грунта) при различных магнитудах землетрясений (М) и расстояниях до очага (D). Модели строились в два этапа. Сначала определены среднестатистические функции изменения с расстоянием PGA(М,D), Ta(М,D), (М,D) и I(М,D). Затем, путем введения в эти зависимости корректирующих поправок они приближены к условиям исследуемой территории РСОАлания. Среднестатистические зависимости строились на основе анализа большого объема исходных данных по инструментальной регистрации и макросейсмическим описаниям сильных землетрясений. Использованы данные двух видов. Первый подборки из 35ти и 24х известных и апробированных эмпирических зависимостей PGA(M,D) и I(M,D), построенных разными авторами для различных сейсмоактивных районов мира. Второй непосредственные измерения по более, чем 2500 акселерограммам ощутимых и сильных землетрясений мира, имеющих одновременную оценку силы сотрясений в точке регистрации. Использованы также макросейсмические описания нескольких десятков сильных землетрясений на территории РФ и других стран. Корректирующие поправки определены на основе анализа общих сейсмотектонических условий территории, особенностей среды распространения сейсмических возмущений, механизмов очагов и других характеристик исследуемого района, влияющих на моделируемые параметры СДГ. Для проверки надежности и реалистичности разработанных моделей, проведено перекрестное (между собой) сопоставление получаемые на их основе оценок PGA, Ta, и I. Проведено также сопоставление полученных моделей с разработками других авторов, для других районов. Во всех случаях наблюдается высокий уровень согласованности и непротиворечивости, полученных в настоящем исследовании результатов. В целом разработанные модели отвечают основным требованиям международной и отечественной инженерносейсмологической практики, способствуют повышению точности и надежности вероятностных оценок сейсмической опасности на региональном уровне и могут быть использованы в целях ДСР территории РСОАлания при производстве как вероятностных, так и детерминистских (сценарийных) оценок. In RNOAlania studies to establish a new probabilistic maps of the Detailed Seismic Zoning (DSZ) are being conducted. An integral part of these studies is the development of effective models of Strong Ground Motion (SGM) in potentially dangerous earthquakes in the region. In the first part of the article devoted to these studies, the models of single characteristics SGM Peak Ground Accelerations (PGA), periods of accelerations with maximum amplitude (Ta), durations of the main phase of oscillations (), as well as macroseismic intensity (score) of shaking (I) are considered. The models are presented in the form of statistically given functions of probabilities distribution of random variables (values of fluctuations parameters and force of ground shaking) at various magnitudes of earthquakes (M) and distances to the center (D). Models were built in two stages. First, the average change functions with the distance PGA(М,D), Ta(М,D), (М,D) and I(М,D) are determined. Then, by introducing corrective amendments into these dependences, they were brought to close the conditions of the investigated territory of the RNOAlania. Average dependences were based on the analysis of a large amount of initial data on instrumental registration and macroseismic descriptions of strong earthquakes. Two types of data were used. The first is a collection of 35 and 24 known and tested empirical dependences of PGA(M,D) and I(M,D), built by different authors for different seismic regions of the world. The second is direct measurements of more than 2,500 accelerograms of the worlds palpable and strong earthquakes, which have a simultaneous assessment of the shaking strength at the point of registration. Also used the macroseismic descriptions of several tens of strong earthquakes in the territory of the Russian Federation and other countries. Corrective amendments are determined on the basis of the analysis of general seismotectonic conditions of the territory, features of the medium of seismic disturbances, mechanisms of foci and other characteristics of the study area affecting the simulated parameters of SGM. To verify the reliability and realism of the developed models, a crosscomparison (among themselves) obtained on the basis of their estimates of PGA, Ta, and I. The comparison of the obtained models with the developments of other authors for other areas is also carried out. In all cases, there is a high level of consistency and connectivity in the results obtained in this study. In general, the developed models are in agreement with the basic requirements of international and domestic engineeringseismological practice, contribute to the accuracy and reliability of probabilistic seismic hazard assessments at the regional level and can be used for the purposes of DSZ of the territory of the Russian Federation in the production of both probabilistic and deterministic (scenario) assessments.


Author(s):  
Ю.К. Чернов ◽  
В.Б. Заалишвили ◽  
Б.В. Дзеранов

В рамках исследований по созданию нового альбома вероятностных карт детального сейсмического районирования территории РСО-Алания разработан ряд моделей региональной и локальной сейсмичности района. Модели в вероятностной форме описывают места (зоны) возникновения потенциально опасных для изучаемой территории землетрясений, максимальные возможные магнитуды этих землетрясений, размеры, механизмы и ориентацию очагов, повторяемость землетрясений разных магнитуд во времени, распределение очагов землетрясений по глубине. Исследования проведены с использованием большого объема сейсмостатистических, макросейсмических, сейсмотектонических, инструментальных и других данных. Модели позволяют повысить точность и детальность прогнозных оценок на региональном и локальном уровнях, т.к. более полно учитывают особенности пространственно-временного распределения потенциально опасных очагов землетрясений, а также представляют итоговую информацию в виде, необходимом для ее дальнейшего включения в вероятностный анализ сейсмической опасности (probabilistic seismic hazard analysis – PSHA) A number of models of regional and local seismicity of the region have been developed within the framework of research on the creation of a new album of probabilistic maps of detailed seismic zoning of the RNO-Alania territory. Models in probabilistic form describe the place (zone) of occurrence of potentially dangerous earthquakes for the study area, the maximum possible magnitude of these earthquakes, the size, mechanisms and orientation of the foci, the frequency of earthquakes of different magnitudes in time, the distribution of earthquake foci in depth. Research conducted using large volume seismostatistics, macroseismic, seismotectonic, instrumental and other data. The models make it possible to increase the accuracy and detail of predictive estimates at the regional and local levels, as they take into account more fully the features of the spatial and temporal distribution of potentially dangerous earthquake foci, and also provide the final information in the form necessary for its further inclusion in the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis – PSHA.


Author(s):  
С.А. Перетокин

В Российской Федерации исторически сложилась двухступенчатая схема оценки сейсмической опас- ности - оценка исходной сейсмичности для средних грунтов и последующая корректировка оценок с уче- том реальных грунтовых условий площадки Historically in the Russian Federation formed two-staged assessment scheme of seismic hazard assessment of the initial seismicity for average soils and the following correction of assessments with accounting of site real soil conditions


Author(s):  
D. K. Suleyev ◽  
◽  
N. B. Uzbekov ◽  
A. B. Sadykova, ◽  
N. V. Silacheva ◽  
...  

Minimization of fatalities, material damage, and socio-economic destruction due to earthquakes depends on reliable estimates of seismic hazard. The paper presents the methodological foundations of seismic hazard assessment developed for Kazakhstan, the basic requirements and the list of work required to carry out seismic zoning of territories at different scale levels – general, detailed and microzoning. They were tested during the creation of Maps of General Seismic Zoning of the Territory of Kazakhstan, which were included in regulatory documents in 2017 and Maps of Seismic Microzoning of Almaty on a new methodological basis. A new approach to seismic hazard assessment is based on a methodology that complies with the main provisions of Eurocode 8 “Design of structures for earthquake resistance”, meets the needs of earthquake-resistant design and construction, is probabilistic and allows to assess seismic hazard not only in seismic intensity according to MSK-64(K) scale common for Kazakhstan, but also in quantitative parameters – peak ground accelerations. For each type of seismic zoning, general objectives are defined that can be solved with consideration of the scale of developed maps.


1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-334
Author(s):  
Robin K. McGuire ◽  
Theodore P. Barnhard

abstract The accuracy of stationary mathematical models of seismicity for calculating probabilities of damaging shaking is examined using the history of earthquakes in China from 1350 A.D. to 1949 A.D. During this time, rates of seismic activity varied periodically by a factor of 10. Probabilities of damaging shaking are calculated in 62 cities in North China using 50 yr of earthquake data to estimate seismicity parameters; the probabilities are compared to statistics of damaging shaking in the same cities for 50 yr following the data window. These comparisons indicate that the seismic hazard analysis is accurate if: (1) the maximum possible earthquake size in each seismogenic zone is determined from the entire seismic history rather than from a short-time window; and (2) the future seismic activity can be estimated accurately. The first condition emphasizes the importance of realistically estimating the maximum possible size of earthquakes on faults. The second indicates the need to understand possible trends in seismic activity where these exist, or to develop an earthquake prediction capability with which to estimate future activity. Without the capability of estimating future seismicity, stationary models provide less accurate but generally conservative indications of seismic ground-shaking hazard. In the United States, the available earthquake history is brief but gives no indication of changing rates of activity. The rate of seismic strain release in the Central and Eastern United States has been constant over the last 180 yr, and the geological record of earthquakes on the southern San Andreas Fault indicates no temporal trend for large shocks over the last 15 centuries. Both observations imply that seismic activity is either stationary or of such a long period that it may be treated as stationary for seismic hazard analyses in the United States.


Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Porfido ◽  
Giuliana Alessio ◽  
Germana Gaudiosi ◽  
Rosa Nappi

The application of the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI) scale 2007 to moderate and strong earthquakes, in different geological context all over the word, highlights the importance of Earthquake Environmental Effects (EEEs) for the assessment of seismic hazards. This Special Issue “New Perspectives in the Definition/Evaluation of Seismic Hazard through Analysis of the Environmental Effects Induced by Earthquakes” presents a collection of scientific contributions that provide a sample of the state-of-the-art in this field. Moreover the collected papers also analyze new data produced with multi-disciplinary and innovative methods essential for development of new seismic hazard models.


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