Оценка почвенных условий Крымского полуострова применительно к культуре винограда

Проведена оценка почвенных ресурсов Крымского полуострова применительно к культуре винограда. Разнообразные типы почв Крымского полуострова были объединены в пять групп по степени пригодности для виноградного растения. Создана крупномасштабная векторная карта бонитета почв для винограда. В работе использованы картографические материалы по Крымскому полуострову, составленные Крымской землеустроительной экспедицией Республиканского проектного института «Укрземпроект» масштаба 1:200 000. Оцифровка карт, анализ пространственного распределения почвенных типов с различными бонитировочными оценками и расчёт их площадей проводились с использованием географических информационных систем. Установлено, что на Крымском полуострове общая площадь обследованных почв составляет 2233,0 тыс. га. Высокий бонитет применительно к винограду у черноземов предгорных выщелоченных на разных породах (91-100 баллов), черноземов южных слабогумусированных, в том числе мицелярно-высококарбонатных, черноземов на плотных глинах, черноземов карбонатных на элювии и делювии карбонатных пород, черноземов преимущественно карбонатных щебневатых и галечных на элювии плотных и галечных карбонатных и окарбоначенных пород, черноземов предгорных на плотных карбонатных породах, коричневых горных карбонатных и некарбонатных почв (81-90 баллов). Почвы с оценкой 60 и менее балов малопригодны или вообще непригодны для получения высококачественного винограда. В данную категорию попали засолённые переувлажнённые и маломощные почвы. Они составляют 26,7%, от общей площади обследованных территорий. 73,4% земель пригодны для ведения промышленной культуры винограда, ориентированной на получение высококачественной продукции. Наиболее благоприятные почвенные условия для развития виноградарства сложились в Южнобережной зоне, центральной части предгорного района, центральных степных, западных и юго-западных районах Крымского полуострова. В прибрежной северной, северо-восточной частях, на отдельных участках предгорных районов южной и юго-западной частей Крымского полуострова, а также на значительных массивах Керченского полуострова сложились неблагоприятные почвенные условия, лимитирующие эффективное выращивание промышленной культуры винограда.Soil resources of the Crimean Peninsula were assessed for their suitability for vine growing. Various soil types of the Crimean Peninsula were divided into five groups by the degree of their suitability for a grapevine plant. A large-scale vector map of soil bonitet for grapevine was created. The study used cartographic data on the Crimean Peninsula at a scale of 1:200 000 compiled by the Crimean land use planning expedition of the Republican Design Institute Ukrzemproekt. Maps digitization, analysis of soil types spatial distribution with various land quality assessments and their area calculation was done using geographic information systems. The total area of surveyed soils in Crimea made 2233.0 thousand ha. High bonitet with regards to grapevine growing was established for piedmont chernozems leached on different rocks (91-100 points), southern slightly humic chernozems, including micellar-high carbonate chernozems, dense clay chernozems, carbonate chernozems on eluvium and carbonate diluvium rocks, predominantly carbonate rubbly and pebble chernozems on eluvium of dense and pebble carbonate and carbonaceous rocks, foothill chernozems on dense carbonate rocks, brown mountain carbonate and non-carbonate soils (81-90 points). Soils that received 60 or less points are hardly or not at all suitable for the production of high-quality grapes. Saline, waterlogged and thin soils fell into this category. They made up 26.7% of the total surveyed area. 73.4% of the land is suitable for industrial viticulture and can produce high-quality produce. The South Coast zone, central part of the piedmont region, central steppe, western and southwestern regions of the Crimean Peninsula have the most favorable soil conditions for viticulture development. The coastal north, north-eastern parts, some parts of the foothill areas of the southern and south-western parts of the Crimean Peninsula, as well as significant areas of the Kerch Peninsula developed unfavorable soil conditions limiting effective industrial viticulture.

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Mapping of transformation processes in the ethnodemographic space of the Crimea

Proceedings of the International conference “InterCarto/InterGIS” ◽

10.35595/2414-9179-2021-4-27-273-291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 273-291

Author(s):

Igor Voronin ◽

Kseniya Sikach ◽

Galina Sazonova ◽

Alexandra Shvets

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Crimean Peninsula ◽

Religious Buildings ◽

Cultural Processes ◽

The Crimea ◽

Natural Movement ◽

Regional Community ◽

The Republic ◽

And Migration ◽

The Crimean Peninsula

The article presents and summarizes the results of mapping transformational processes in the demographic and ethno-confessional space of the Crimea. Map plots reflect the options for visualizing data on demographic, ethnic and religious processes in the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol over the past decades. The maps illustrate the dynamics of the population size and density, its natural movement, the balance of migration, marriage and divorce, territorial features of the settlement of large and small ethnic groups of the Crimea, the placement of religious buildings and religious communities on its territory. Maps of rural settlement and the appearance of villages with endangered populations were created and analyzed. The types of dynamics of demographic, ethnic and confessional situations in the Crimea are determined. The analysis of the peculiarities of the dynamics of the ethnodemographic space of the Crimea during the change of its political subjectivity is carried out. The main spatial patterns of the processes that form the modern portrait of the population of the Crimean Peninsula are revealed. The conclusion is made about the possibility of cartographic study of the demographic and ethno-confessional specifics of the territory after preliminary differentiation of socio-cultural processes within its boundaries into large-scale and local ones. This allows us to clarify not only the spatial, but also the essential markers of their occurrence. In modern Crimea, large-scale transformational socio-cultural processes should include all the reproductive and migration changes that are the result of demographic breakdowns that began in the 1990s. The processes of changing its ethnic and confessional spaces should be considered local in Crimea. Their mapping revealed the narrowing nature of such a phenomenon as the polyethnicity of the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. Cartographic study of socio-cultural processes in the Crimea confirmed the author’s hypothesis that the Crimean regional community has not completed the process of post-Soviet transformation and continues to support the development trends established at the end of the twentieth century.

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Chorology of the steppe birch mouse Sicista loriger (Nathusius, 1840) in the Crimean Peninsula

Species in Biology - Novitates Theriologicae ◽

10.53452/nt1115 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 92-99

Author(s):

Igor Evstafiev

Keyword(s):

Small Mammals ◽

Large Scale ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Isolated Populations ◽

Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽

Crimean Peninsula ◽

The Crimea ◽

The Crimean Peninsula

The steppe birch mouse is a rare and non-abundant species of small mammals of the fauna of the Crimean Peninsula existing here in two isolated populations—western (Tarkhankut) and eastern (Kerch)—separated from each other by 200 kilometres of anthropogenic landscapes. The results of large scale long-term epidemiological censuses showed that the ratio of trapped steppe birch mice in the whole of the Crimea was 0.21 %, whereas the ratio of birch mice among small mammals in the steppe zone is 0.29 % with the relative abundance of 0.03 specimens per 100 trap-nights. The preservation the steppe birch mouse populations in the territory of the Crimean Peninsula requires a detailed study of its biology and ecology, especially limiting factors, as a basis to develop appropriate conservation measures aimed to protect of this species listen in the Red Book of Ukraine.

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Distribution of the average monthly air temperature in August on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula

Magarach. Vinogradstvo i Vinodelie ◽

10.35547/im.2021.69.94.003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

Евгений Александрович Рыбалко ◽

Наталья Валентиновна Баранова ◽

Виктория Юрьевна Борисова ◽

Валерий Семенович Петров

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Large Scale ◽

Great Influence ◽

Sugar Accumulation ◽

Annual Data ◽

Crimean Peninsula ◽

Average Monthly Temperature ◽

Monthly Temperature ◽

The Crimean Peninsula

Оригинальное исследование по изучению распределения среднемесячной температуры в августе на территории Республики Крым проведено сотрудниками сектора агроэкологии. Неоднократно доказывалось, что температура воздуха оказывает большое влияние на рост, развитие и качественные показатели виноградного растения. Особое влияние на качество урожая оказывает температура воздуха в августе, так как именно в этот период наблюдается лучшая ассимиляция углерода листьями и соответственно происходит накопление сахаров и уменьшение кислотности. В качестве материалов были использованы электронная модель рельефа SRTM-3 территории Крымского полуострова и многолетние данные метеонаблюдений по 17 метеостанциям Крыма и Севастополя за 1985-2019 гг. Для моделирования пространственного распределения величины среднемесячной температуры воздуха в августе были использованы три математические модели, в том числе одна авторская. На основании полученных результатов была построена цифровая крупномасштабная карта пространственного распределения среднемесячной температуры воздуха в августе на территории Крымского полуострова и выделено 5 зон по среднемесячной температуре в августе. Использование данных моделей в ГИС (геоинформационная система) дает возможность автоматизировать анализ степени пригодности территории для возделывания винограда. The original study on the distribution of the average monthly temperature in August on the territory of the Republic of Crimea was carried out by staff scientists of the Agroecology Sector. It has been proven many times that air temperature has a great influence on the growth, development and quality indicators of a grape plant. Air temperature in August has a special effect on a crop quality, since it is during this very period the best assimilation of carbon by leaves is observed, resulting in sugar accumulation and acidity decrease. The materials used were the SRTM-3 digital terrain model of the Crimean Peninsula and long-term average annual data of meteorological observations in 17 meteorological stations of Crimea and Sevastopol for the period of 1985-2019. To model spatial distribution of the average monthly air temperature in August, three mathematical models, including one authorial, were used. Digital large-scale map of spatial distribution of the average monthly air temperature in August on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula was compiled basing on the results obtained. Five zones were identified according to the average monthly temperature in August. Using of these models in GIS (geoinformation system) makes it possible to computerize the analysis of applicability of the territory for grape cultivation.

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Checklist of rodents and insectivores of the Crimean Peninsula

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.948.51275 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 948 ◽

pp. 121-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nikolay N. Tovpinets ◽

Igor L. Evstafiev ◽

Valeriy V. Stakheev ◽

Andrey A. Lissovsky

Keyword(s):

Species Identification ◽

Species Distribution ◽

Large Scale ◽

Visual Evaluation ◽

Crimean Peninsula ◽

The Public ◽

Record Data ◽

Data Source ◽

The Crimean Peninsula

A dataset comprising 6806 records is presented of 17 (of total 24) rodent and insectivore species from the Crimean Peninsula collected during a 35-year period. All records are stored in the Public Mammal Database (Mammals of Russia; http://rusmam.ru/). The density of occurrence points allows visual evaluation of species distribution, even on large-scale maps. Each record contains the species name, locality description, and geographic coordinates, coordinate accuracy, date and author of the record, data source, and the method of species identification.

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History and Modern Status of the Black-eared Wheatear, Oenanthe hispanica (L.) (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae), in Ukraine

Zoodiversity ◽

10.15407/zoo2021.01.087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 87-94

Author(s):

A. N. Tsvelykh

Keyword(s):

Breeding Bird ◽

Crimean Peninsula ◽

History Of Research ◽

Interspecies Hybridization ◽

Kerch Peninsula ◽

Long Time ◽

History Of ◽

Xix Century ◽

Modern Status ◽

The Crimean Peninsula

Th e history of research of the Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica (L.) in Ukraine in XIX–XXI centuries is presented. Th e Black-eared Wheatear is now a rare breeding bird in the coastal area of the Crimean peninsula, and a very rare vagrant species on the other territory of Ukraine. Four breeding regions of the Black-eared Wheatear are found in the Crimean peninsula: seacoast between Sudak and Th eodosia cities; neighbourhood of Sevastopol City; Tarkhankut peninsula; Kerch peninsula. Th e fi rst two breeding regions have been known since the middle of XIX century. In the breeding regions, the breeding areas of the Black-eared Wheatear are not constant: the birds almost never nest in a place for a number of years. Oenanthe hispanica breeds in Crimea in the same biotopes as its sibling species, the Pied Wheatear, Oenanthe pleschanka, which is essentially more abundant there. Th e breeding of single Black-eared Wheatears with the numerous Pied Wheatears increases their interspecies hybridization, which is rather common on the Crimean peninsula. Th ree out of fi ve individuals of Oenanthe hispanica collected in Crimea and stored in various museums turned out to be hybrids with Oenanthe pleschanka. Th e Black-eared and Pied Wheatears have hybridized in the Crimean peninsula for a long time: the hybrids have been recorded in XX and in XXI centuries. Th e hybrids do not occur in a specifi c breeding region, and can be found in any of those.

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Nitrogen fertilizers as one of the most important factors of obtaining high-quality grain of winter Triticum durum

Международная научно-практическая конференция «РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ» ◽

10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.28 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

D.S. Izmailova ◽

Keyword(s):

Triticum Durum ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Field Trials ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Yield Response ◽

High Quality ◽

Crimean Peninsula ◽

The Crimea ◽

The Crimean Peninsula

Triticum durum is second most widely cultivated wheat grown at more than 17 million hectares annually (Colasuonno P., 2019). Some farms in the Crimea also cultivate winter durum wheat. Moreover, there is a pasta factory at the peninsula, however, the pastas are made, as a rule, from soft wheat flour. The aim of this research was to study the influence of nitrogen fertilizers (in the ammonium nitrate (AN) form) on the quality of grain of winter Triticum durum variety ‘Amazonka’ in the foothill-steppe zone of the Crimean Peninsula. In 2016-2018, field trials were conducted in the foothill zone of the Crimea on the experimental field of the Academy of Bioresources and Environmental Management (Academic Unit) of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. AN was applied in autumn during seedbed preparation and early in spring when soil was freezing and melting at the same time; the dozes were equal according to the active ingredient: N0+0 (control), N20+20, N40+40, N60+60. The analysis of the experimental data shows that, on average, for the period of three-year studies, variant N60+60 was the most effective one; yield response to nitrogen fertilizer was expressed in the next quality parameters: gluten content – 27.0 % (control 16.3%, LSD05=0.14); protein content – 15.3% (control – 10.4%, LSD05=0.72); vitreousness – 83.6% (control – 54.7%, LSD05=0.71); grain unit – 849.4 g/l (control – 743.2 g/l, LSD05=1.4). It should be mentioned that the larger grain was also formed in the aforesaid variant (1000-grain weight – 42.3 g; control – 32.7g). Thus, cultivation of winter Triticum durum in the foothill-steppe zone of the Crimean Peninsula with N60+60 will contribute to obtaining high-quality products, which can be used for the specific needs of our pasta factory.

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Research of the Crimean Peninsula wind power resources based on hourly data from ERA5 reanalysis

Monitoring systems of environment ◽

10.33075/2220-5861-2020-3-23-29 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

A.S. Lubkov ◽

◽

O. Yu. Sukhonos ◽

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Diurnal Variation ◽

Winter Season ◽

Wind Generation ◽

Western Coast ◽

Crimean Peninsula ◽

Kerch Peninsula ◽

Hourly Data ◽

Central Crimea ◽

The Crimean Peninsula

The climatic assessment of the wind resources of the Crimean Peninsula is carried out using the hourly ERA5 data for the 40-year period 1980-2019. It is established that average wind speed in central Crimea is 2–6 m/s. It is lower than on the western coast (4–8 m/s) and on the territory of the Kerch Peninsula (5–9 m/s). It is found that the Kerch Peninsula is the most favorable area for wind generation. The frequency of wind speed for rated output of wind turbines in that region is 15–17% at 10 m and 37–38% at 100 m. The frequency of ineffective wind conditions for wind generation, when the wind speed is insufficient to start a wind turbine, does not exceed 17-22% at 10 m and 11-12% at 100 m. In central Crimea and the Southern Coast of Crimea, the frequency of ineffective wind conditions at a height of 10 m exceeds 40% per year. Also, as a result of the analysis of the diurnal variation, it is found that at 10 m, in June the wind speed in the daytime is higher by average 21% and in December by 6%. The diurnal variation is not noticeably pronounced at a height of 10 m. The revealed seasonal features of the change in wind speed at heights of 10 and 100 m characterize its increase by 31–35% in the winter season compared to the summer. Some local specificity of the Crimea relief, especially mountain ranges, is not taken into account in the work, which is due to insufficient spatial resolution of the reanalysis.

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