scholarly journals Chorology of the steppe birch mouse Sicista loriger (Nathusius, 1840) in the Crimean Peninsula

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Igor Evstafiev
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The steppe birch mouse is a rare and non-abundant species of small mammals of the fauna of the Crimean Peninsula existing here in two isolated populations—western (Tarkhankut) and eastern (Kerch)—separated from each other by 200 kilometres of anthropogenic landscapes. The results of large scale long-term epidemiological censuses showed that the ratio of trapped steppe birch mice in the whole of the Crimea was 0.21 %, whereas the ratio of birch mice among small mammals in the steppe zone is 0.29 % with the relative abundance of 0.03 specimens per 100 trap-nights. The preservation the steppe birch mouse populations in the territory of the Crimean Peninsula requires a detailed study of its biology and ecology, especially limiting factors, as a basis to develop appropriate conservation measures aimed to protect of this species listen in the Red Book of Ukraine.

scholarly journals The southern birch mouse Sicista loriger (Dipodoidea) in the Crimea: distribution, habitats, seasonal ac-tivity, and abundance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (20) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Igor Evstafiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Mouse Population ◽  
Kerch Peninsula ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
The Crimea

The southern birch mouse is a rare and non-abundant species of small mammals of the fauna of the Crimean Peninsula. Its geographic range has gradually reduced during the 20th century. Initially, the southern birch mouse occupied almost the entire territory of the steppe and foothills of the Crimea. As the area of virgin and unploughed lands decreased, the species disappeared from the most part of the peninsula. Whereas the species had been recorded in 11 administrative districts in the middle of the twentieth century, now it is known only in three districts, in two of which it is extremely rare. Currently the southern birch mouse exists in two isolated populations—a western (Tarkhankut) and an eastern (Kerch)—separated by 200 km of anthropogenic landscapes. Census of small mammals has been carried out on trap-lines for the past 40 years. In a total of 667100 traps-nights, 144 birch mice were collected. Additionally, remains of 56 birch mouse specimens were found in 16862 pellets of the long-eared owl. The birch mouse population in the Tarkhankut Peninsula is small (12 specimens were trapped and 39 specimens were identified in pellets), and its range is largely restricted. The species’ population in the Kerch Peninsula is larger (132 birch mice were trapped and 17 specimens were identified in pellets of birds of prey) and its range occupies the entire area of the Kerch Peninsula. Data of long-term epidemiological surveys showed that the ratio of trapped birch mice in the whole of the Crimea is 0.21 %, whereas their ratio in the steppe zone is 0.29 % at a relative abundance of 0.03 specimens per 100 trap-nights. Birch mice are active from mid-April to mid-November. The peak of activity occurs in April, when 49.9 % of animals were trapped. Among natural enemies, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) can pose a real threat to birch mice, as well as the long-eared owl (Asio otus) to local micropopulations, especially during the breeding season. In our opinion, despite the generally low abundance of birch mice in the Crimea and the fragmentation of its geographic range, extinction does not threatens this species in the peninsula (especially its Kerch population) under the current management system. Conservation of the southern birch mice populations in the Crimea requires a detailed study of the species’ ecology, especially of limiting factors.

scholarly journals Mapping of transformation processes in the ethnodemographic space of the Crimea

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-291
Author(s):  
Igor Voronin ◽  
Kseniya Sikach ◽  
Galina Sazonova ◽  
Alexandra Shvets
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Regional Community ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The article presents and summarizes the results of mapping transformational processes in the demographic and ethno-confessional space of the Crimea. Map plots reflect the options for visualizing data on demographic, ethnic and religious processes in the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol over the past decades. The maps illustrate the dynamics of the population size and density, its natural movement, the balance of migration, marriage and divorce, territorial features of the settlement of large and small ethnic groups of the Crimea, the placement of religious buildings and religious communities on its territory. Maps of rural settlement and the appearance of villages with endangered populations were created and analyzed. The types of dynamics of demographic, ethnic and confessional situations in the Crimea are determined. The analysis of the peculiarities of the dynamics of the ethnodemographic space of the Crimea during the change of its political subjectivity is carried out. The main spatial patterns of the processes that form the modern portrait of the population of the Crimean Peninsula are revealed. The conclusion is made about the possibility of cartographic study of the demographic and ethno-confessional specifics of the territory after preliminary differentiation of socio-cultural processes within its boundaries into large-scale and local ones. This allows us to clarify not only the spatial, but also the essential markers of their occurrence. In modern Crimea, large-scale transformational socio-cultural processes should include all the reproductive and migration changes that are the result of demographic breakdowns that began in the 1990s. The processes of changing its ethnic and confessional spaces should be considered local in Crimea. Their mapping revealed the narrowing nature of such a phenomenon as the polyethnicity of the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. Cartographic study of socio-cultural processes in the Crimea confirmed the author’s hypothesis that the Crimean regional community has not completed the process of post-Soviet transformation and continues to support the development trends established at the end of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Small mammals as reservoirs and vectors of yersiniosis pathogens (Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (19) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Igor Evstafiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Yersinia infections are recorded worldwide and sapronotic natural foci of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis infections also occur in the Crimean Peninsula. Here we studied the distribution and prevalence of pathogenic Yersiniae among small mammals of the Crimean Peninsula based on results of epizootiological monitoring of natural foci infections. Pathogenic Y. enterocolitica were found in 10 species of small mammals, and the average number of infected specimens in the Crimea was 0.11 ± 0.03. The highest prevalence of yersiniosis pathogens was recorded among specimens of M. socialis (4.22 %), M. spicilegus (2.06 %), C. leucodon (1.96 %), S. flavicollis (1.85 %), and S. uralensis (1.33 %). The number of small mammals that are carriers of pathogens of yersinioses varies significantly in different natural zones of the Crimean Peninsula. In the mountain-forest zone, the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica among Micromammalia is 2.94 %, in the foothills it decreases to 0.99 %, in the lowland — to 0.77 % with a lowest value of 0.62 % in steppe areas of the Kerch Peninsula. Results show a decreasing pattern of prevalence of Y. enterocolitica among small mammals from the mountain-forest zone to plain steppe. A reverse trend was revealed for the prevalence of Y. pseudo¬tuberculosis among Micromammalia: 0.03 % in the mountains, 0.17 % in the foothills, and 0.25 % in the steppe. The number of trap-lines with records of Micromammalia having both infections varies from 18.3 % in the foothills to 21.3 % in the mountains and 24.8 % in the steppe zone. The portion of trap-lines with three and more infections is also high (6.7 % in the mountains and foothills and 5.5 % in the steppe). The obtained results show a wide distribution of combined foci in the Crimea. Considering that, in the peninsula, several tick-transmitted and other zoonotic infections (e.g. tick-borne encephalitis and borrelioses, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, Marseilles fever, Q fever, etc.) are widely distributed in the same areas and the pathogens of which are able to reproduce in the same small mammal species as those of yersiniosis and pseudotuberculosis, the real number of combined foci and their diversity in the Crimea could be 3 to 5 times higher.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilizers as one of the most important factors of obtaining high-quality grain of winter Triticum durum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Izmailova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Triticum durum is second most widely cultivated wheat grown at more than 17 million hectares annually (Colasuonno P., 2019). Some farms in the Crimea also cultivate winter durum wheat. Moreover, there is a pasta factory at the peninsula, however, the pastas are made, as a rule, from soft wheat flour. The aim of this research was to study the influence of nitrogen fertilizers (in the ammonium nitrate (AN) form) on the quality of grain of winter Triticum durum variety ‘Amazonka’ in the foothill-steppe zone of the Crimean Peninsula. In 2016-2018, field trials were conducted in the foothill zone of the Crimea on the experimental field of the Academy of Bioresources and Environmental Management (Academic Unit) of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. AN was applied in autumn during seedbed preparation and early in spring when soil was freezing and melting at the same time; the dozes were equal according to the active ingredient: N0+0 (control), N20+20, N40+40, N60+60. The analysis of the experimental data shows that, on average, for the period of three-year studies, variant N60+60 was the most effective one; yield response to nitrogen fertilizer was expressed in the next quality parameters: gluten content – 27.0 % (control 16.3%, LSD05=0.14); protein content – 15.3% (control – 10.4%, LSD05=0.72); vitreousness – 83.6% (control – 54.7%, LSD05=0.71); grain unit – 849.4 g/l (control – 743.2 g/l, LSD05=1.4). It should be mentioned that the larger grain was also formed in the aforesaid variant (1000-grain weight – 42.3 g; control – 32.7g). Thus, cultivation of winter Triticum durum in the foothill-steppe zone of the Crimean Peninsula with N60+60 will contribute to obtaining high-quality products, which can be used for the specific needs of our pasta factory.

ANTHROPOGENIC AND ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE СRIMEAN ECOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
N.P. Demchenko ◽  
N.Yu. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Business Owners ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The North ◽  
Chemical Release ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Russian Plant ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Town ◽  
Integrated Indicators ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The situation in the ecology of the Crimean Peninsula in recent years was discussed in the article. The analysis of absolute and integrated indicators of the anthropogenic impact showed that the ecological situation remains difficult, and according to some indicators even continues to deteriorate. In summer 2018, the situation had worsened because of the large chemical release of titanium dioxide on the north of the Crimea from the holding pond of a large Russian plant that is situated near the town of Armyansk. This, in turn, led to the contamination of the large territory on the north of the peninsula. This fact indicates insufficient control by officials of the Republic of Crimea over the implementation of the RF laws for environmental protection by business owners of various forms of ownership, especially private ownership, the level of responsibility for the environment of which is very low.

scholarly journals «”The Golden Age” of the Crimean Karaites»: publication of the new academic series

2020 ◽  
pp. 260-269
Author(s):  
Grigorii N. Kondratjuk ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The review examines new publications on the history of Karaites – the monographs “Karaites in the Russian Empire in the late 18th – early 20th centuries” and the “Karaite communities: biographies, facts and documents (late 18th – early 20th centuries”. They studied a significant chronological period – from the time of the Karaites appearing in the Crimea and up to the beginning of the 20th century. A reasoned conclusion is made that the so-called “ The Golden Age” is the most tense in the history of the Karaite people – the time from the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula to the Russian Empire in 1783 and until 1917. It was during these 100 years when the significant transformations took place in the old-timers communities of the peninsula, when the ideas of Russian culture and education spread among the Crimean Karaites, and they themselves were actively integrated into Russian social structures. The monographs are equipped with a detailed historical excursion, which reveals many relevant and little-known facts from the past of the Karaites.

STUDIES OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA BY RUSSIAN SCIENTISTS (THE END OF THE 18TH CENTURY)

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Oxana M. Kurnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The rich historical past of the Crimean peninsula, its natural wealth and resources, its beauty at all times attracted the attention of traveling researchers. In the period from the last quarter of the 15th century up to the end of the 18th century, Western and Eastern researchers, visiting the Crimean peninsula for various purposes, studied its geography, biology, and history. Russian scientists-travelers did not have the opportunity to make research trips across the Crimea until the end of the 18th century due to the fact that for three centuries (from 1475 till 1774) the Crimean peninsula was part of the Ottoman Empire, being one of its most important provinces, both in trade, economic, and military-strategic terms. With the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 1783, started the development of newly acquired territories. The beginning of the study of the lands of the Crimean peninsula by Russian scientists is primarily associated with political and economic changes and transformations in the region. For the development and growth of the economy of the Crimean region, information was needed about the structure of the region, its socio-economic and ethnographic features, as well as about its natural resources. Therefore, by order of the Empress of Russia Catherine II and the instructions of the country’s government, the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts sends its scientists to the Crimea. Among Russian pioneers of the Crimean peninsula research in the late 18th century there were Vasily Zuev (1754–1794), Carl Ludwig Habliz (1752–1821), Theodor Chyorny (1745–1790), and Peter Simon Pallas (1741–1811). The expeditions of these outstanding scholars and travellers commenced the Crimean exploration by Russian scientists in various fields of science, thus, the end of the 18th century should be considered the beginning of Russian Crimean studies.

Two species of the genus Theristus Bastian, 1865 (Nematoda: Xyalidae) from the hypersaline water bodies of the Crimea (Azov-Black Sea basin)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4881 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-382
Author(s):  
TATIANA N. REVKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Hypersaline Water ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Morphological descriptions of two species of the genus Theristus Bastian, 1865 belonging to group flevensis, found in the hypersaline water bodies of the Crimean Peninsula, are presented. Theristus siwaschensis sp. n. is morphologically closest to T. flevensis Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1935, T. parambronensis Timm, 1952, T. macroflevensis Gerlach, 1954, T. metaflevensis Gerlach, 1955, but differs from them by the structure of the reproductive system in females, number of cephalic setae and size of spicules. Specimens of T. flevensis found in the Lake Chersonesskoye are similar to the re-description of a large forms of T. flevensis from Chile by Murhy (1966) and Caspian Sea by Chesunov (1981). However, it differs from the Caspian Sea species by having larger amphids, longer cephalic setae and spicules. T. pratti Murph & Canaris, 1964 and T. ambronensis Schulz, 1937 are synonymized with T. flevensis.

scholarly journals Estonians in the Crimea

2003 ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Jüri Viikberg ◽  
Ott Kurs
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Native Language ◽  
World War ◽  
Language Teacher ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Cultural Activities ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The article gives an overview af Estonian peasants settling in the Crimea in the midl91hcentury.Havingfor several centuries been under the contra! af the Golden Hordeand the Crimean Khanate, the Crimean Peninsula was annexed by Russia in 1783.The imperial colonization policy that succeeded the deportation af the Crimean Tatarsta Turkey encouraged the peasants af the Estonian and Livonian gubernias ta emigrateta the Crimea. The drivingforces behind the emigration were not only economicbut also religious. For the members af a sect led by the Prophet Maltsvet the Crimeahad become the Promised Land.Thefirst Estonian settlements in the Crimea werefoundedin 1861-1864. Their namesZamruk, Kara-Kiyat, Konchi-Shavva, etc., indicate that the Estonians settled in thedeserted villages af Crimean Tatars. After a long journey and in an unfamiliar setting,it was di.fficult ta adapt ta and start a new life, but by the l 880s, the settlers hadalready established themselves. Sharing the community af interests, they built schoolsand churches together. When the Estonian writer Eduard Vildecame ta see the CrimeanEstonians in 1904, he could only give high praise for their ejforts.Ey the beginning af World War I, the Estonians in the Crimea had achieved a livingstandardwhich was the highestwhen compared ta other Estonians in Russia. In 1921,the number af Estonians in the Crimea was 2,367, whereas in 1995 there were onlyabout 500 Estonians living mainly at Beregovoe (Zamruk), Krasnodarka (KonchiShavva)and Novo-Estonia. Since the l 990s, Estonian cultural activities have againbecome possible in the Crimea. In Simferopol and Krasnodarka Estonian societieshave been established and any support from native Estonia would be welcome. Fromautumn 2002, a native language teacher from Estonia started ta work at theKrasnodarka secondary school.

scholarly journals Syntaxonomy of segetal vegetation of the Crimea on the using cluster analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
N. A. Bagrikova
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Stellarietea Mediae ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Aims. To make adjustments to the higher classification units of segetal vegetation of the Crimean peninsula based on the application of cluster analysis and modern conceps of syntaxonomy. Materials and methods. The analysis is based on 2876 own descriptions made in 1993-2011, 748 descriptions from the phyto-coenotic base of Flora and Vegetation Department of the Nikita Botanical Gardens, compiled in the 1960-1970s, and the descriptions from other literature sources. Results.The results of segetal vegetation studies of annual (cereal and tilled crops) and perennial (vineyards, orchards, plantations of essential-oil rose and lavender) of arable lands of the Crimean peninsula are presented. On the basis of the analysis the differentiation of communities on agrocoenotific gradient has been performed. Changes have been made to the classification scheme at the level of classes and orders. Crimean weedy communities are united in 51 associations, 15 alliances, 7 orders and 4 classes (Stellarietea mediae, Artemisietea vulgaris, Sisymbrietea, Oryzetea sativae).

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