scholarly journals Ampelographic features of biotypes of ‘Saperavi’ grape variety

2020 ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
Виктор Павлович Клименко ◽  
Наталия Леонидовна Студенникова ◽  
Зинаида Викторовна Котоловець ◽  
Алла Анатольевна Полулях
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bunch Length ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Clone Selection ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Clone Group

Целью работы является установление отличий выделенных биотипов сорта Саперави по основным ампелографическим признакам, а также обсуждение использования термина «биотип» в виноградарстве и возможности практического применения биотипов винограда. В результате исследования насаждений сорта Саперави выделено 4 биотипа, включая контрольный биотип. Биотип I: гроздь ветвистая, коническая, рыхлая, средней величины, длина грозди 13-15 см, масса грозди 180-220 г, ягода мелкая и округлая. Биотип II: гроздь ветвистая, коническая, рыхлая, длина грозди 16-18 см, масса грозди 270-320 г, ягода средней величины и продолговатая. Биотип III: гроздь ветвистая, ширококоническая, большая, длина грозди 19-21 см, масса грозди 500-600 г, ягода крупная и овальная. Биотип IV (контроль): гроздь ветвистая, коническая, рыхлая, длина грозди 17-19 см, масса грозди 330-450 г, ягода средней величины и овальной формы. Среди изученных биотипов наиболее перспективным является биотип III по признакам величины, плотности и массы грозди, размера ягоды и выхода сусла. «Биотип» - это термин, употребляемый для альтернативного обозначения клона, группы клонов или сорта винограда, используемого в определенном регионе. Концепция биотипа находит свое применение в экспериментальных исследованиях и в клоновом отборе при необходимости подчеркнуть уровень изменчивости более высокой, чем у сорта или клона. Полученные результаты могут использоваться при возделывании сорта Саперави в виноградарских хозяйствах, а также в виноделии. Determination of the differences between the selected biotypes of ‘Saperavi’ variety according to the main ampelographic traits, as well as discussing the use of the term “biotype” in viticulture and the possibility of practical application of grape biotypes are the aims of the work. As a result of the study of ‘Saperavi’ variety vineyards, 4 biotypes were identified, including the control one. Biotype I: the bunch is branched, conical, loose, of a medium size, the bunch length is 13-15 cm, the bunch weight is 180-220 g, the berry is small and round. Biotype II: the bunch is branched, conical and loose, the bunch length is 16-18 cm, the bunch weight is 270-320 g; the berry is medium-sized and oblong. Biotype III: the bunch is branched, broad-conical and large, the bunch length is 19-21 cm, the bunch weight is 500-600 g; the berry is large and oval. Biotype IV (control): the bunch is branched, conical, loose, the bunch length is 17-19 cm, the bunch weight is 330-450 g; the berry is of medium size and oval. Biotype III was the most promising one among the studied biotypes according to the size, density and bunch weight, the berry size and the yield of must. “Biotype” is a term used to alternatively denote a clone, group of clones or grape variety used in a certain region. The concept of a biotype finds its application in experimental studies and in clone selection, if necessary to emphasize the level of variability higher than that of a variety or clone. The results obtained can be used in the cultivation of ‘Saperavi’ variety in vineyards, as well as in winemaking.

Experimental determination of the complete set of constants of polarized piezoceramics on a single ring-shaped sample

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
V.V. Madorsky ◽  
I.E. Rogov ◽  
A.V. Skrylev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Radial Vibrations ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Piezoelectric Elements ◽  
Single Ring ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Good Agreement

Variants of the practical application of the method developed in [1] for determining the complete set of piezoceramic constants on a single ring-shaped sample are considered. Using a virtual machine experiment conducted on the ANSYS finite element modeling software package, a complete set of constants was calculated for PZT4 piezoceramics. To increase the information content, the frequency of the second overtone of the ring radial vibrations was measured taking into account its thickness. The error in determining the constants did not exceed 1%. The influence of the quality factor on the determination of the constants of piezoceramics is studied. It is shown that when using formulas for calculating the constants of piezoceramics, regardless of the quality factory values, it is necessary to determine the resonance frequencies from the maximum of active conductivity. For PKP-12 piezoceramics, experimental studies were carried out and the values of the piezoceramic moduli were calculated by the resonance – antiresonance method for piezoelectric elements of three sizes, as well as by the developed method for one sample in the form of a ring. A good agreement was obtained between the results found by different methods. The thickness resonance is investigated, a technique for its measurement is developed.

Improvement Of Curvilinear Diagrams Of Concrete Deformation

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deformation Diagrams

Problems when calculating reinforced concrete structures based on the concrete deformation under compression diagram, which is presented both in Russian and foreign regulatory documents on the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures are considered. The correctness of their compliance for all classes of concrete remains very approximate, especially a significant difference occurs when using Euronorm due to the different shape and sizes of the samples. At present, there are no methodical recommendations for determining the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under axial compression and the construction of curvilinear deformation diagrams, which leads to limited experimental data and, as a result, does not make it possible to enter more detailed ultimate strain values into domestic standards. The results of experimental studies to determine the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under compression for different classes of concrete, which allowed to make analytical dependences for the evaluation of the ultimate relative deformations and description of curvilinear deformation diagrams, are presented. The article discusses various options for using the deformation model to assess the stress-strain state of the structure, it is concluded that it is necessary to use not only the finite values of the ultimate deformations, but also their intermediate values. This requires reliable diagrams "s–e” for all classes of concrete. The difficulties of measuring deformations in concrete subjected to peak load, corresponding to the prismatic strength, as well as main cracks that appeared under conditions of long-term step loading are highlighted. Variants of more accurate measurements are proposed. Development and implementation of the new standard GOST "Concretes. Methods for determination of complete diagrams" on the basis of the developed method for obtaining complete diagrams of concrete deformation under compression for the evaluation of ultimate deformability of concrete under compression are necessary.

Energetic properties of peat saturated with petroleum products

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
E. S. Dremicheva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Initial Sample

This paper presents a method of sorption using peat for elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and the possibility of energy use of oil-saturated peat. The results of assessment of the sorbent capacity of peat are presented, with waste motor oil and diesel fuel chosen as petroleum products. Natural peat has been found to possess sorption properties in relation to petroleum products. The sorbent capacity of peat can be observed from the first minutes of contact with motor oil and diesel fuel, and significantly depends on their viscosity. For the evaluation of thermal properties of peat saturated with petroleum products, experimental studies have been conducted on determination of moisture and ash content of as-fired fuel. It is shown that adsorbed oil increases the moisture and ash content of peat in comparison with the initial sample. Therefore, when intended for energy use, peat saturated with petroleum products is to be subjected to additional drying. Simulation of net calorific value has been performed based on the calorific values of peat and petroleum products with different ratios of petroleum product content in peat and for a saturated peat sample. The obtained results are compared with those of experiments conducted in a calorimetric bomb and recalculated for net calorific value. A satisfactory discrepancy is obtained, which amounts to about 12%. Options have been considered providing for combustion of saturated peat as fuel (burnt per se and combined with a solid fuel) and processing it to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Peat can be used to solve environmental problems of elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and as an additional resource in solving the problem of finding affordable energy.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES WITH CROSS-SHAPED SPATIAL CRACK UNDER TORSION WITH BENDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Vl.I. KOLCHUNOV ◽  
◽  
A.I. DEMYANOV ◽  
M.M. MIHAILOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Experimental Scheme

The article offers a method and program for experimental studies of reinforced concrete structures with cross-shaped spatial crack under torsion with bending, the main purpose of which is to check the design assumptions and experimental determination of the design parameters of the proposed calculation method. The conducted experimental studies provide an opportunity to test the proposed calculation apparatus and clarify the regularities for determining deflections, angles of rotation of extreme sections, and stresses in the compressed zone of concrete. For analysis, the article presents a typical experimental scheme for the formation and development of cracks in the form of a sweep, as well as characteristic graphs of the dependence of the angles of rotation of end sections.

Practical Application

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kubo Mačák
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Geographical Scope

This chapter analyses the practical application of the law of belligerent occupation in internationalized armed conflicts in its temporal, geographical, and personal dimensions. Firstly, from a temporal perspective, the law is shown to apply once one of the conflict parties consolidates its control over the enemy territory and substitutes its own authority for that of the displaced enemy. Secondly, the chapter assesses the geographical scope of the applicable law and draws specific guidelines for the determination of the territory subject to the law of occupation in various types of internationalized armed conflicts. Thirdly, the chapter endorses the allegiance-based approach to the designation of protected persons under the law of occupation and applies it to the reality of internationalized armed conflict. Overall, the chapter presents a workable toolkit for the application of the law of occupation to internationalized armed conflicts.

Method for the simultaneous quantification of n-hexane metabolites: application to n-hexane metabolism determination

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Soriano ◽  
M. Menéndez ◽  
P. Sanz ◽  
M. Repetto
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Simultaneous Quantification ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
The Difference

1 The described analytical procedure permits the simultaneous determination of the main n-hexane meta bolites in urine. 2-Hexanone, 2-hexanol, 2, 5-hexanediol and 2, 5-hexanedione, were chosen to dose the rats used in this study. All urine samples were collected and analysed on a daily basis, before and after acidic hydrolysis (pH 0.1) by GC/MS. 2-Hexanone, 2, 5-dimethylfurane, γ-valerolac tone and 2, 5-hexanedione were determined before hydro lysis ; 2-hexanol and 2, 5-hexanediol, after hydrolysis; and 5-hydroxy-2-hexanone and 4, 5-dihydroxy-2-hexanone were calculated by the difference between γ-valerolactone and 2, 5-hexanedione with and without hydrolysis, respectively. 2 A metabolic scheme was proposed reflecting the biotransformations undergone by the four compounds assayed. We consider 2, 5-dimethylfurane as a 'true metabolite' because the quantities detected were always greater before hydrolysis. 3 It has been reported that human and rat n-hexane metabolism follow a similar pattern. Therefore, as a practical application and without increasing either sample or time requirements, the simultaneous quantifi cation of the different metabolites and their excretion profile could provide better information about the metabolic situation of exposed workers than the determi nation of 2, 5-hexanedione alone. According to our experimental results, 4, 5-dihydroxy-2-hexanone itself would be a good toxicity indicator.

scholarly journals Assessment and determination of lyoprotectant for survival of freeze-dried Lactobacillus rhamnosus

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Zongcheng Miao ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Xiaoping Huo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Steepest Ascent ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Viable Bacteria

Abstract Currently research of lactic acid bacteria focus primarily on the functional probiotics, which are major beneficial biota in the gastrointestinal tract, have been industrial manufactured. Probiotics confer health benefits on the host need adequate amounts. However, the absence of data makes it difficult to ensure the maintenance biological activities and population of probiotic. In this research, a fractional factorial design and steepest ascent experiment were used to analyze the influence of lyoprotectant as carbohydrates, prebiotics and amino acids on the survival of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The results indicated a maximum survival rate and population of viable bacteria of L. rhamnosus to be 55.84 % and 1.60 ×1011 CFU/g after freeze-dried by using a combination of 10 g/100mL Sucrose, 2.5 g/100mL Isomaltooligosaccharide, 12 g/100mL Hydroxyproline. To a large extent, the survival and viability were dependent on the cryoprotectant used and make probiotics more attractive from a practical application in industrial viewpoint.

Consideration of Environmentally Assisted Fatigue in Austenitic Stainless Steel: Calculation and Practical Application

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven H. Reese ◽  
Johannes Seichter ◽  
Dietmar Klucke
Keyword(s):  
Primary Circuit ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Circuit Component ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fatigue Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Procedures

The influence of LWR coolant environment to the lifetime of materials has been discussed recent years. Nowadays the consideration of environmentally assisted fatigue is under consideration in Codes and Standards like ASME and the German KTA Rules (e.g. Standard No. 3201.2 and Standard No. 3201.4) by means of so called attention thresholds. Basic calculation procedures in terms of quantifying the influence of LWR coolant environment by the Fen correction factor were proposed by Higuchi and others and are given in NUREG/CR-6909. This paper deals with the application of the proposed assessment procedures of ANL and the application to plant conditions. Therefore conservative assessment procedures are introduced without assuming the knowledge of detailed stress and strain calculations or temperature transients. Additionally, detailed assessment procedures based on Finite-Element calculations, respecting in-service temperature measurements including thermal reference transients and complex operational loading conditions are carried out. Fatigue evaluation of a PWR primary circuit component is used in order to evaluate the influence of plant like conditions numerically. Conclusions regarding the practical application are drawn by means of comparing the ANL approach considering laboratory conditions, conservative assessment procedures for the determination of cumulative fatigue usage factors of plant components and detailed assessment procedures. Plant like loading conditions, complex component geometries, loading scenarios and reference temperature transients shall be taken into account. Practical issues like the determination of the mean temperature or the strain rate have to be considered adequately.

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