Method for the simultaneous quantification of n-hexane metabolites: application to n-hexane metabolism determination

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Soriano ◽  
M. Menéndez ◽  
P. Sanz ◽  
M. Repetto
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Simultaneous Quantification ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
The Difference

1 The described analytical procedure permits the simultaneous determination of the main n-hexane meta bolites in urine. 2-Hexanone, 2-hexanol, 2, 5-hexanediol and 2, 5-hexanedione, were chosen to dose the rats used in this study. All urine samples were collected and analysed on a daily basis, before and after acidic hydrolysis (pH 0.1) by GC/MS. 2-Hexanone, 2, 5-dimethylfurane, γ-valerolac tone and 2, 5-hexanedione were determined before hydro lysis ; 2-hexanol and 2, 5-hexanediol, after hydrolysis; and 5-hydroxy-2-hexanone and 4, 5-dihydroxy-2-hexanone were calculated by the difference between γ-valerolactone and 2, 5-hexanedione with and without hydrolysis, respectively. 2 A metabolic scheme was proposed reflecting the biotransformations undergone by the four compounds assayed. We consider 2, 5-dimethylfurane as a 'true metabolite' because the quantities detected were always greater before hydrolysis. 3 It has been reported that human and rat n-hexane metabolism follow a similar pattern. Therefore, as a practical application and without increasing either sample or time requirements, the simultaneous quantifi cation of the different metabolites and their excretion profile could provide better information about the metabolic situation of exposed workers than the determi nation of 2, 5-hexanedione alone. According to our experimental results, 4, 5-dihydroxy-2-hexanone itself would be a good toxicity indicator.

FRACTIONAL DETERMINATIONS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti A. Järvinen ◽  
Sykkö Pesonen ◽  
Pirkko Väänänen
Keyword(s):  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT The fractional determination of 17-ketosteroids in the daily urine was performed in nine cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and in four control cases, in the first trimester of pregnancy both before and after corticotrophin administration. The excretion of total 17-KS is similar in the two groups. Only in the hyperemesis group does the excretion of total 17-KS increase significantly after corticotrophin administration. The fractional determination reveals no difference between the two groups of patients with regard to the values of the fractions U (unidentified 17-KS), A (androsterone) and Rest (11-oxygenated 17-KS). The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone is significantly higher in the hyperemesis group than in the control group. The excretion of androstanolone seems to be lower in the hyperemesis group than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant. The differences in the correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstanolone in the two groups is significant. The high excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and low excretion of androstanolone in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum is a sign of adrenal dysfunction.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERBEDAAN ABNORMAL RETURN DAN TRADING VOLUME ACTIVITY SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PERISTIWA PENETAPAN UNDANG-UNDANG TAX AMNESTY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
I Komang Wisnu Wardhana ◽  
Hermanto Hermanto ◽  
I Nyoman Nugraha AP
Keyword(s):  
Abnormal Return ◽  
Trading Volume ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Volume Activity ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
Average Abnormal Return ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the average abnormal return and trading volume activity before and after the enactment of the tax amnesty law on the LQ-45 index. The type of data used in this study is secondary data with data collection techniques using the documentation method. Determination of the sample in this study using purposive sampling method with certain criteria so as to obtain 45 samples. The analytical technique used in this research is paired sample t-test with an observation period of 10 days. The results of this study indicate that: (1) There is no difference in the average abnormal return before and after the enactment of the tax amnesty law. (2) There is no difference in the average trading volume activity before and after the enactment of the tax amnesty law. 

The Automated Determination of Serum Uric Acid

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 748-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Morgenstern ◽  
Richard V Flor ◽  
James H Kaufman ◽  
Bernard Klein
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Enzymatic Determination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Automated Determination ◽  
Colorimetric Reaction ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract An automated procedure is presented for the enzymatic determination of serum uric acid on both the AutoAnalyzer and the Robot Chemist. The procedure measures as the neocuproine complex, the difference in the amount of Cu+ formed by reaction of a Cu++-alkanolamine buffered solution with serum uric acid under precisely controlled conditions before and after uricase treatment of the serum. The difference is proportional to the true serum uric acid content. The elements contributing to the enzymatic reaction, the colorimetric reaction, and the elimination of interferences were investigated. Comparison of serum uric acid values obtained by this method with those obtained by ultraviolet spectrophotometry show very good agreement.

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Method of Rapid Determination of Trichloroacetaldehyde in Water Optimization

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 359-362
Author(s):  
Mo Jie Sun ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Ruo Kun Jia
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Purge And Trap ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Chloral alkali at room temperature Can be quickly converted into chloroform completely, Application of this principle, By Purge and Trap GC/MS method , Determination of the alkali content of chloroform in water before and after the difference, Inverse to get the water content of chloral. NaOH were added to different volumetric flask. It is flask with standard solutions in different concentrations. Aside a certain amount of determination, error is larger. NaOH was injected directly into the injector. This was the method. It completely transformed in Purge and Trap, greatly reduces human error. The linear range is 0.5-20ug/L, the minimum detection limit can reach 0.05ug/L, the relative standard deviation is less than 2.3%, the average recovery was 97.5%. This method is simple and quick,the results are accurate and reliable, which is able to meet the drinking water source in the analytical needs of chloral.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Edukasi Virtual Menyikat Lidah Terhadap Kondisi COATED TONGUE Pada Siswa SMP Negeri 1 Pematang Tanah Jawa di Masa Pandemik Tahun 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Junita Elvrida Doloksaribu
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Education ◽  
P Value ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Analytical Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tongue Cleaning ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Oral Health Practices ◽  
Quasi Experiment

                                                                                                     ABSTRAK Lidah merupakan salah satu organ vital yang terdapat dalam rongga mulut. Lidah mempunyai selaput alami ketika sehat. Tetapi jika kegagalan sel terjadi, maka menimbulkan infeksi pada permukaan lidah berwarna putih disebut lidah berlapis. Pembersihan lidah untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi tersebut. Oleh karena itu, masyarakat perlu mendapatkan edukasi mengenai istilah lidah dengan edukasi virtual. Praktek kesehatan gigi dan mulut tetap harus ditingkatkan. Salah satunya dengan memberukan edukasi virtual. Edukasi virtual mengacu pada proses pembelajaran melalui jaringan internet yang menanganinya untuk mengatasi masalah keterpisahan ruang dan waktu antara siswa dan pengajar melalui smartphone. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh edukasi virtual menyikat lidah terhadap kondisi lidah yang dilapisi pada siswa SMP Negeri I Pematang Tanah Jawa di masa pandemi tahun 2020. Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimen semu (eksperimen semu) dengan desain pretest dan posttest. Jumlah sampel 20 orang. Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Uji analisis yang digunakan adalah wilcoxon. Pada penelitian ditemukan kondisi kondisi lidah terlapis sebelum dan sesudah edukasi virtual adalah p value = 0,000 <0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu ada pengaruh edukasi virtual terhadap kondisi lidah terlapisi pada SMP Negeri I Pematang Tanah Jawa dengan nilai p = 0,000. Jenis penelitian adalah semu eksperimen (quasi experiment) dengan desain pretest dan posttest. Jumlah sampel 20 orang. Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Uji analisis yang digunakan adalah wilcoxon. Pada penelitian ditemukan kondisi kondisi lidah terlapis sebelum dan sesudah edukasi virtual adalah p value = 0,000 <0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu ada pengaruh edukasi virtual terhadap kondisi lidah terlapisi pada SMP Negeri I Pematang Tanah Jawa dengan nilai p = 0,000. Jenis penelitian adalah semu eksperimen (quasi experiment) dengan desain pretest dan posttest. Jumlah sampel 20 orang. Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Uji analisis yang digunakan adalah wilcoxon. Pada penelitian ditemukan kondisi kondisi lidah terlapis sebelum dan sesudah edukasi virtual adalah p value = 0,000 <0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu ada pengaruh edukasi virtual terhadap kondisi lidah terlapisi pada SMP Negeri I Pematang Tanah Jawa dengan nilai p = 0,000.                                                                                          ABSTRACT The tongue is one of the vital organs found in the oral cavity. The tongue has a natural membrane when it is healthy. But if cell failure occurs, it causes infection on the white surface layer of the tongue called coated tongue. Tongue cleaning is recommended to prevent these infections. Therefore, people need to get education about tongue cleaning with virtual education. Dental and oral health practices still need to be improved. One of them is by providing virtual education. Virtual education refers to the learning process through the internet network whose application is intended to overcome the problem of separation of space and time between students and teachers via smartphones. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of virtual tongue brushing education on coated tongue conditions in students of SMP Negeri I Pematang Tanah Jawa during the pandemic in 2020. This type of research is a quasi experiment with pretest and posttest designs. The number of samples is 20 people. The determination of the sample in this study used inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analytical test used was Wilcoxon. In the study, it was found that the difference in the conditions of coated tongue before and after virtual education was p value = 0.000 <0.05). The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of virtual education on the condition of coated tongue in SMP Negeri I Pematang Tanah Jawa with p value =0.000. Kata Kunci: Edukasi virtual, lidah, lidah berlapis  

scholarly journals Rockwell Hardness Testing of Pure Nickel Collimators for BNCT Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Erasmus Prakasita ◽  
Yohanes Sardjono ◽  
Budi Setyahandana
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Hardness Testing ◽  
Hardness Number ◽  
Boron Neutron Capture ◽  
Material Hardness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All

In this study, Rockwell and Brinell hardness testing was used to examine material hardness. These methods were chosen because they are easy to carry out, relatively inexpensive, and almost all sizes and shapes can be tested, in which nickel hardness before and after centrifugal casting are identified and compared. These tests enable the determination of the hardness numbers of nickel collimators using for boron neutron capture therapy. The samples were five nickel plates with a dimension of 4.5 × 4.5 cm and five collimators. The collimators were cylindrical and made using centrifugal casting. The basic principle of the hardness test was to apply loading on the object being tested. The Rockwell test was used to assess the material's hardness from the difference of indentation depth, while the Brinell test was used to determine the hardness from the diameter of indentation. From the results of this test, the hardness number of nickel before centrifugal casting is 168.53 BHN or 86.13 HRB, while the hardness number after centrifugal casting is 115.68 BHN or 64.84 HRB. It can therefore be concluded that centrifugal casting decreased nickel hardness.

Differential assay of zidovudine and its glucuronide metabolite in serum and urine with a radioimmunoassay kit

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 897-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Tadepalli ◽  
L Puckett ◽  
S Jeal ◽  
L Kanics ◽  
R P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Lower Detection Limit ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Lower Detection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Glucuronide Metabolite ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract We developed an ancillary procedure for the ZDV-Trac RIA (Incstar) to allow simultaneous determination of both zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, ZDV, AZT, Retrovir) and its metabolite, the glucuronide of ZDV (3'-azido-3'-deoxy-5'-O-beta-D-glucopyranuronosylthymidine, ZDVG, GAZT), in human serum and urine. Using the ZDV-Trac RIA, we measured ZDV concentrations before and after ZDVG in samples was hydrolyzed to ZDV by beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31); ZDVG concentration was calculated as the difference between the two results. This method enables rapid evaluation of a large number of samples with a total turn-around time of 6 h. The lower detection limit of the RIA was 0.27 micrograms/L; the measurements varied linearly with ZDV concentrations from 0.27 to 217 micrograms/L, with the 50% inhibitory concentration being approximately 10 micrograms/L. Analytical recoveries of inhouse serum and urine controls for both ZDV and ZDVG exceeded 90%. Coefficients of variation (CVs) of serum controls were less than 6% for ZDV and less than 11% for ZDVG; for urine controls, CVs for both ZDV and ZDVG were less than 6%. Results for ZDVG concentrations obtained by HPLC and by the ZDV-Trac RIA system compared well: r = 0.978, slope 1.0, for serum samples, and r = 0.993, slope 1.09, for urine samples.

scholarly journals Determination of Inulin in Foods

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breda Simonovska
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Test Solution ◽  
Boiling Water Bath ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract A method was developed for determining fructan inulin in various foods (yogurts, honey cakes, chocolates). Warm water was applied for extraction of samples, and mono- and dissacharides were determined by a thin-layer chromatographic densitometric method. A portion of the test solution was hydrolyzed 30 min with 1% oxalic acid in a boiling water bath. Fructose was determined in the hydrolysate. The amount of inulin in a sample was calculated as the difference between the amount of fructose in the sample before and after hydrolysis. The fructose from sucrose formed during the hydrolysis was also considered. The mean recovery from yogurt fortified with 4% inulin was 95.5 ± 4.5% (mean ± standard deviation); from honey cakes extract fortified with 10% inulin, 97.3 ± 5.5%; and from chocolate extract fortified with 30% inulin, 98.6 ± 6.6% (6 replicates in all cases). Determination of glucose is not necessary for analyzing fructans with the composition expressed shortened to GFn−1 (G, glucose; F, fructosyl) with the average degree of polymerization 8 ≤ n ≤ 15.

scholarly journals Improvement of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Polyphenolic Bioactive Compounds in Berry Fruits

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Carmela Caruso ◽  
Fernanda Galgano ◽  
Maria Pecora ◽  
Roberta Tolve ◽  
Maria Verrastro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Reliable Procedure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Berry Fruits

Berry fruits contain high levels of different phytochemicals, most of which are phenolic molecules. Fruits of the same cultivar from different locations and different harvest years have different chemical compositions, particularly related to polyphenols. The difference may be due to specific climatic conditions, the type of soil in which the plants grow, and the stresses to which the plants were subjected because these phytochemicals are produced as a defense mechanism through a secondary metabolic process. For this reason, it is important to establish simple and reliable procedure to determine polyphenolic compounds in berry fruits considering the increasing attention on these compounds for different potential uses. In order to choose and to improve the most adequate analytical procedure for the determination of the polyphenolic substances in berry fruits, different methods were applied and compared on samples of elderberry and blackberry.

scholarly journals Reaksi Abnormal Return Dan Trading Volume Activity Sebelum dan Sesudah Ramadhan Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Nina Atrina Kudusia ◽  
Nilawaty Yusuf ◽  
Muliyani Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Abnormal Return ◽  
Trading Volume ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Volume Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

This Research aims to find out the difference between the average of abnormal return and trading volume activity of the transportation companies’ stocks listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange, a period 2014-2018 before and after Ramadhan. The research method is a quantitative method. Th kind of data used is secondary data. The sample is 11 transportation companies listed ini Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2014-2018, while the sampling technique applies purposive sampling. The findings show that there is no difference on the average of abnormal return before and after Ramdahan, and there is no difference on the average of trading volume activity in 2015 and 2018, whereas in 2014, 2016, and 2017 there is a difference on the average of trading volume activity. Meanwhile, the abnormal return and trading volume activity simultaneously influence toward Ramadhan effect with the result of the coefficient determination of 50%, it means that 50% of Ramadhan effect variable is explained by return and trading volume activity.

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