scholarly journals System of protection and technological aspects of organic grape production in conditions of the South Coast of Crimea

2020 ◽  
pp. 336-343
Author(s):  
Елена Павловна Странишевская ◽  
Яков Александрович Волков ◽  
Марина Вячеславовна Волкова ◽  
Елена Алексеевна Матвейкина ◽  
Надежда Ивановна Шадура ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Production ◽  
Protection System ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Land Area ◽  
The South ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Production Area

Данные современной статистики показывают увеличение площадей, занятых под органическими виноградниками, которые составляют 8% от площади мирового органического производства. Вступивший в силу в 2020 г. в РФ закон «Об органической продукции…» позволит развивать отечественное органическое виноградарство, в том числе в Крыму, где исторически складываются благоприятные условия для винодельческой отрасли. На Южном берегу Крыма (ЮБК) 11,5% площади составляют сельскохозяйственные земли, большая часть которых занята виноградниками (до 4 тыс. га). Органическое виноградарство, предполагающее отказ от применения пестицидов и минеральных удобрений, актуально на ЮБК, в рекреационной зоне Крыма. По результатам исследований 2016-2018 гг. разработана, апробирована и в 2019 г. внедрена в производство региональная система защиты органической продукции виноградарства на фоне отсутствия в отечественной практике производственных комплексных схем защиты органического винограда от патогенов и вредных организмов. Разработанная органическая система защиты ориентирована на подавление развития наиболее вредоносного на виноградниках ЮБК патогена - оиудима и контролирование численности садового паутинного клеща и гроздевой листовертки, включает комплексное применение биопрепаратов Экстрасол, Псевдобактерин-2, СЛОКС-эко, BioSleep BW и коллоидной серы Тиовит Джет, ВДГ. Биологическая эффективность органической системы защиты от оидиума составила 78,3%, что всего на 7,9% ниже, по сравнению с эффективностью традиционной системы защиты с применением пестицидов. По результатам эколого-фаунистической оценки биоразнообразия отмечено существенно больший показатель индекса видового разнообразия Шеннона (Н) в комплексе клещей и насекомых на фоне органической системы защиты, чем на фоне традиционной системы, при высоком коэффициенте видового сходства комплексов (Кj=0,53). Modern statistics show the increase in the land area occupied by organic vineyards, accounting 8% of the global organic production area. The law "On organic products ...", entered into force in 2020 in the Russian Federation, will allow to develop local organic viticulture, including historically favorable for winemaking industry region of Crimea. Agricultural lands consist of 11.5% of the total land area of the South Coast of Crimea (SCC). Most of the land is occupied by vineyards (up to 4 thousand hectares). Organic viticulture, which assumes the rejection of use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers, is relevant for SCC as a recreational zone of Crimea. Based on the research results of 2016-2018, a regional organic viticulture products protection system was developed, tested and introduced into production in 2019 on the background of lacking in local practice the industrial complex schemes for protecting organic grapes from pathogens and harmful organisms. The developed organic protection system is focused on suppressing the development of the oiudim as the most harmful pathogen in SCC, and controlling the population of garden spider mite and European grape moth. The system includes complex application of biopreparations Extrasol, Pseudobacterin-2, SLOX-eco, BioSleep BW and colloidal sulfur Tiovit Jet, WDG. Biological effectiveness of the organic protection system against oidium amounted to 78.3%, which is only 7.9% lower than the effectiveness of traditional protection system using pesticides. According to the results of ecological and faunistic assessment of biodiversity, a significantly higher indicator of Shannon’s biodiversity index (H) was registered in the complex of mites and insects against the background of the organic protection system rather than the traditional system, with a high coefficient of species similarity of complexes (Kj = 0.53).

Perspective of using fusariosis resistant varieties of lupines in organic farming

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
M.S. Korniychuk ◽  
N.V. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Protein Feed

The expediency of fusarium resistant lupines usage in organic farming for improving soil fertility and producing high protein feed for livestock is justified in this article. Organic production excludes the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. In these circumstances, increases the value of cultures that positively affect the fertility of soils and their phytosanitary status. These crops include annual fodder lupine (yellow, white and angustifolia), especially varieties that are resistant to disease. Having the highest nitrogen-fixing ability among annual legume crops, lupins, depending on the type and conditions of cultivation, can accumulate from 80 to 300 kg/ha of environmentally pure symbiotic nitrogen in biomass. Plowing the green mass (30-45 t/ha) is equivalent to the corresponding amount of manure or introduction of 5-7 t/ha of ammonium nitrate. 30 kg/ha of phosphorus and 50 kg/ha of potassium are entering the soil with plant remains. Therefore, lupine provides itself with nutrients and still leaves up to 150 kg/ha of nitrogen in the soil after harvesting for subsequent crops in crop rotation. In organic production, fusariosis resistant varieties of lupines are also interesting as a source of high protein feeds for livestock. They are building up to 60 t/ha of biomass, which contains more than one ton of digestible protein. In grain of the fodder varieties contains 40-52% of crude protein, 5.5-6.0% of fat, 10-12% of sugar. The characteristic of fusarium resistant varieties of lupins (yellow, white and angustifolia), created in the NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" and included in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine is presented in this article. These varieties are practically not affected by fusariosis under the production conditions and do not require the use of fungicides during the growing season. They can be grown in crop rotation with a return period of 2-3 years, whereas for unstable it took 6-7 years. Because of the inability to use in organic farming fungicide to prevent crop losses from anthracnose, it is necessary to use predominantly angustifolia lupine varieties, which are now more tolerant to this disease, prevent sowing of infected seeds and adhere to crop rotation. Fusarium-resistant varieties of lupins are suitable for cultivation in poucous and sown crops, and in mixtures with other crops.

The Charting of the South Coast of Java

Archipel ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Günter Schilder
Keyword(s):  
South Coast ◽  
The South

The Impact of Plant Protection Systems on the Productivity of Soybean Varieties under Irrigated Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The South ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
The Impact

The application of preparations of biological origin in the protection system of soybean grown under conditions of intensive irrigated crop rotations conforms to the modern tendencies of science and production development. The use of them contributes to solving ecological, production and social-economic problems. The study presents the three-year research on the efficiency of systems protecting soybean from pests and diseases based on biological and chemical preparations. The research was conducted in typical soil and climate conditions of the South of Ukraine. Zonal agricultural methods and generally accepted research methodology were used. The purpose of the research was to create a soybean protection system based on preparations of biological origin, ensuring high productivity of high-quality products reducing a negative impact of the crop production on the environment. The study emphasizes that, under irrigated conditions of the South of Ukraine, the application of biological preparations has a positive impact on the indexes of growth, development and formation of the elements of soybean yield structure. There was an increase in the crop biological weight by 13.8 % and 22.1 % and the number of seeds per plant rose by 11.6 and 14.6 % as a consequence of eliminating harmful organisms with the plant protection systems. The larger ground mass was formed by medium-ripe varieties Danai and Svyatogor, on which the increase from protection measures was higher. Weight 1000 pcs. the seeds did not undergo significant changes. It is established that the larger seeds were formed by Danaya and Svyatogor varieties, in which the average weight is 1000 pcs. seeds were 142 and 136 g, respectively, while in the variety Diona this figure was 133 g. There was an increase in the height of the lowest pod when the total plant height rose. For medium-ripe varieties was characterized by a higher attachment of beans, where the highest values of this indicator acquired in the variety Svyatogor. The medium maturing soybean variety Danaia formed the maximum yield of 3.23 and 3.35 t/ha respectively, when biological and chemical protection systems were applied. The research establishes that the application of the bio-fungicide Psevdobakterin 2 (2.0 l/ha) in the crop protection system at the beginning of soybean flowering and the bio-fungicide Baktofit (2.5 l/ha) with the bio-insecticide Lepidotsid-BTU (10.0 l/ha) at the beginning of pod formation does not reduce the productivity of the soybean varieties under study considerably, when compared to the application of chemical preparations. The research determines that the soybean protection system under study ensures a decrease in the coefficient of soybean water uptake by 7.2-13.0 %, increasing the total water intake to an inconsiderable degree. Biologization of the soybean crop protection system leads to a reduction in production costs compared to the chemical protection system. Taking into account the needs for the collection of additional products, costs increase by an average of 1 thousand UAH/ha, while for chemical protection systems by 1.8 thousand UAH/ha. At the same time, the cost is reduced by 220-360 UAH/t and the profitability of growing crops is increased by 3.8-7.8 %. There has been a reduction in the burden of pesticides on the environment and the production of cleaner products. This indicates the prospect of using the biofungicides Pseudobacterin 2 and Bactophyte and the bioinsecticide Lepidocid-BTU on soybeans to protect plants from pests.

Conceptual Design of the South Coast Alternative Motor Fuels Demonstration Project

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Sverdrup ◽  
Rolland King ◽  
Michael Murphy ◽  
John Herridge ◽  
John Orban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Demonstration Project ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Motor Fuels
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