The Impact of Plant Protection Systems on the Productivity of Soybean Varieties under Irrigated Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The South ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
The Impact

The application of preparations of biological origin in the protection system of soybean grown under conditions of intensive irrigated crop rotations conforms to the modern tendencies of science and production development. The use of them contributes to solving ecological, production and social-economic problems. The study presents the three-year research on the efficiency of systems protecting soybean from pests and diseases based on biological and chemical preparations. The research was conducted in typical soil and climate conditions of the South of Ukraine. Zonal agricultural methods and generally accepted research methodology were used. The purpose of the research was to create a soybean protection system based on preparations of biological origin, ensuring high productivity of high-quality products reducing a negative impact of the crop production on the environment. The study emphasizes that, under irrigated conditions of the South of Ukraine, the application of biological preparations has a positive impact on the indexes of growth, development and formation of the elements of soybean yield structure. There was an increase in the crop biological weight by 13.8 % and 22.1 % and the number of seeds per plant rose by 11.6 and 14.6 % as a consequence of eliminating harmful organisms with the plant protection systems. The larger ground mass was formed by medium-ripe varieties Danai and Svyatogor, on which the increase from protection measures was higher. Weight 1000 pcs. the seeds did not undergo significant changes. It is established that the larger seeds were formed by Danaya and Svyatogor varieties, in which the average weight is 1000 pcs. seeds were 142 and 136 g, respectively, while in the variety Diona this figure was 133 g. There was an increase in the height of the lowest pod when the total plant height rose. For medium-ripe varieties was characterized by a higher attachment of beans, where the highest values of this indicator acquired in the variety Svyatogor. The medium maturing soybean variety Danaia formed the maximum yield of 3.23 and 3.35 t/ha respectively, when biological and chemical protection systems were applied. The research establishes that the application of the bio-fungicide Psevdobakterin 2 (2.0 l/ha) in the crop protection system at the beginning of soybean flowering and the bio-fungicide Baktofit (2.5 l/ha) with the bio-insecticide Lepidotsid-BTU (10.0 l/ha) at the beginning of pod formation does not reduce the productivity of the soybean varieties under study considerably, when compared to the application of chemical preparations. The research determines that the soybean protection system under study ensures a decrease in the coefficient of soybean water uptake by 7.2-13.0 %, increasing the total water intake to an inconsiderable degree. Biologization of the soybean crop protection system leads to a reduction in production costs compared to the chemical protection system. Taking into account the needs for the collection of additional products, costs increase by an average of 1 thousand UAH/ha, while for chemical protection systems by 1.8 thousand UAH/ha. At the same time, the cost is reduced by 220-360 UAH/t and the profitability of growing crops is increased by 3.8-7.8 %. There has been a reduction in the burden of pesticides on the environment and the production of cleaner products. This indicates the prospect of using the biofungicides Pseudobacterin 2 and Bactophyte and the bioinsecticide Lepidocid-BTU on soybeans to protect plants from pests.

scholarly journals Особенности формирования фитосанитарной ситуации в посадках цветных сортов картофеля и его продуктивность при различных системах защиты растений

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. Малюга ◽  
◽  
Н. Чуликова ◽  
Н. Енина ◽  
С. Голощапов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Individual Reaction ◽  
Colored Potatoes ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
The Individual

Data were obtained on the peculiarities of the development of black scab on four varieties of colored potatoes (Violet, Purple Majesty, All Red and Rosamaria) when culvaed using chemical and biologized plant protection systems. It is shown, that the development of black scab and its infestation of stolons on varieties grown with the use of chemical plant protetion agents is lower than with the use of biological preparations, respectively, by 2.4-6.5 times and by 4%. The biometric indicators of plants when they were grown using the chemical protection system were slightly higher than those on biologized ones. The individual reaction of varieties to the studied protective techniques was revealed. Among the four studied cultivars, the cultivar All Red stood out, in which the phytosanitary condition of plantings, productivity indicators on both protection systems were similar.

scholarly journals Fenoxycarb effect on quality, productive capacity and food safety of Kabardinskaya rannyaya cultivar of the plum

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 00032
Author(s):  
Marina Podgornaya ◽  
Anfisa Vasilchenko ◽  
Nadezhda Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
The South ◽  
Waiting Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protection Systems

Plum moth Grapholita funebrana Tr. is a dominating pest in entomological complex of plum production in the south of Russia. The yield`s loss caused by it can reach 60-70 %. In the modern plant protection systems Insegar, VDG (250 g/kg fenoxycarb) is most commonly used for control of the pest`s number. Its use helps to save up to 98.5-99.8 % of the fruit. The aim of the research was to study fenoxycarb`s effect on quality, productive capacity and food safety of Kabardinskaya rannyaya cultivar of the plum. It was found that double use of the insecticide doesn`t lead to significant difference in the content of organic acids and dry substances. However, it encourages the increase of the leaf`s surface by 4-10 sm2 and annual additional growth of the plant by 6-52 sm in comparison to the control. It was established that fenoxycarb is completely decomposed at the end of the “Waiting period”.

scholarly journals Leading Edge of Plant Protection for Almond

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
The Impact

Almond, [Prunus dulcis (synonym Prunus amygdalus)] planted on approximately 595,000 acres (240,797 ha), is California's largest acreage tree crop. California's Central Valley accounts for nearly 100% of the U.S. domestic production of almonds. Integrated pest management (IPM) programs that integrate cultural practices and pest and disease monitoring with selective controls have improved plant protection in almond. Methods of orchard floor management and their effects must also be taken into account. Minimizing dust reduces mites while harvesting earlier and the destruction of overwintering refugia are cultural practices that reduce worm damage. Improved methods for field sampling and monitoring have reduced the need for pesticide applications while improving timing and effectiveness of needed crop protection sprays. Selective controls have further reduced the impact on nontarget species. Augmentative parasite releases have also helped manage navel orangeworm (Ameylois transitella). Effective use of new selective fungicides will require precise application timing and greater knowledge of diseases and resistance management. A better understanding of disease life cycles leading to improved monitoring of the fungal diseases, shothole (Wilsonomyces carpophilus), almond scab (Cladosporium carpophilum), and anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) have reduced fungicide applications. Future challenges include the potential loss of effective pest control products, the need to continually develop improved utilization strategies, and maintaining economic sustainability.

scholarly journals The expediency of using a plant protection system using the microbiological fungicide BisolbiSan, W in the cultivation of winter wheat in the Southern natural and agricultural zone of the Rostov region

2022 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Gennady Urban ◽  
Olga Krotova ◽  
Denis Efimov ◽  
Konstantin Savenkov ◽  
Maria Savenkova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Protection System

The authors analyzed the biological effectiveness of the integrated plant protection system formed when the microbiological fungicide BisolbiSan, Zh was included in the classical protection scheme adopted in the farms of the Rostov region. The biological effectiveness of the integrated protection system, including the fungicide BisolbiSan, was analyzed, the impact of the studied protection system on the yield, the quality of the grain obtained, the phytosanitary condition of the crop during the growing season on winter wheat crops of the variety Nakhodka with the use of a plant protection system, including the fungicide BisolbiSan, Zh. The fungicide BisolbiSan, containing a culture of rhizospheric bacteria Bacillus subtilis strain H-13, suppresses the germination of spores and mycelium growth of phytopathogenic fungi due to the multilateral action of bacterial metabolites, without causing the formation of resistance in pathogens. It was found that the protection system used practically does not cause a decrease in grain quality — in terms of the average protein and gluten content, the grain at the experimental site even slightly exceeds the grain obtained from the control site by 16.88% and 27.8%. With the cost of winter wheat grain of 1100 rubles/kg, an increase in the yield in the experiment of 3.8 kg/ha in relation to control and the cost of an experimental protection system in the amount of 3,357 rubles/ha, revenue amounted to 823 rubles/ha.

Banning of herbicides and the impact on agriculture: the case of glyphosate in Sri Lanka

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-252
Author(s):  
Buddhi Marambe ◽  
Swarna Herath
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
White Leaf ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGlyphosate, a widely used preplant herbicide in annual and perennial crops, was introduced to Sri Lanka in 1977. Its use has expanded since 2008 with the phase-out and ban in 2014 of paraquat. In December 2014, glyphosate use in Sri Lanka was regionally restricted. Crop protection and production in the country was severely affected in 2016 and 2017 due to the irrational decisions of the government of Sri Lanka (GoSL). Increased crop production costs due to the absence of effective and economically viable weed control techniques, low crop yields, loss of foreign exchange, and enhanced use of smuggled glyphosate products are the consequences of the glyphosate ban. The ban was imposed without a scientific basis because of sociopolitical pressure. A series of dialogues with the GoSL helped rescind the ban in 2018 for a period of 36 mo, but its use is limited to tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntz.] and rubber [Hevia brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.]. In August 2019, the Cabinet of Ministers of the GoSL also decided to allow use of glyphosate to devitalize propagules in the floriculture industry (export oriented) and destroy coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) trees infected by Weligama coconut leaf wilt disease and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) infected by white leaf disease. However, glyphosate products with the co-formulant polyethoxylated tallow amine are still not permitted in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Nanopesticides: A Systematic Review of Their Prospects With Special Reference to Tea Pest Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhabesh Deka ◽  
Azariah Babu ◽  
Chittaranjan Baruah ◽  
Manash Barthakur
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
The Impact

Background: Tea is a natural beverage made from the tender leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis Kuntze). Being of a perennial and monoculture nature in terms of its cultivation system, it provides a stable micro-climate for various insect pests, which cause substantial loss of crop. With the escalating cost of insect pest management and increasing concern about the adverse effects of the pesticide residues in manufactured tea, there is an urgent need to explore other avenues for pest management strategies.Aim: Integrated pest management (IPM) in tea invites an multidisciplinary approach owing to the high pest diversity in the perennial tea plantation system. In this review, we have highlighted current developments of nanotechnology for crop protection and the prospects of nanoparticles (NPs) in plant protection, emphasizing the control of different major pests of tea plantations.Methods: A literature search was performed using the ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Google Scholar search engines with the following terms: nanotechnology, nanopesticides, tea, and insect pest. An article search concentrated on developments after 1988.Results: We have described the impact of various pests in tea production and innovative approaches on the use of various biosynthesized and syntheric nanopesticides against specific insect pest targets. Simultaneously, we have provided support for NP-based technology and their different categories that are currently employed for the management of pests in different agro-ecosystems. Besides the broad categories of active ingredients (AI) of synthetic insecticides, pheromones and natural resource-based molecules have pesticidal activity and can also be used with NPs as a carriers as alternatives to traditional pest control agents. Finally, the merits and demerits of incorporating NP-based nanopesticides are also illustrated.Conclusions: Nanopesticides for plant protection is an emerging research field, and it offers new methods to design active ingredients amid nanoscale dimensions. Nanopesticide-based formulations have a potential and bright future for the development of more effective and safer pesticide/biopesticides.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the use of Energia-M growth regulator in the protection system of winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-895
Author(s):  
E. A. Artemieva ◽  
M. N. Zakharova ◽  
L. V. Rozhkova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
The Impact

In the formation of the winter wheat yield, the protection of the crop from pests, stress, pesticides and adverse abiotic factors is one of the important elements of the technology. To increase yield and reduce the impact of adverse factors in winter wheat protection systems, plant growth regulators are used. In the conditions of the Ryazan region in 2019-2020, the effectiveness of the use of tank mixtures of pesticides with the growth regulator Energia-M (0.01 kg/ha) in the protection systems of winter wheat of the Danaya variety was studied. In the variant with the use of a tank mixture of pesticides with a growth regulator, a statistically significant excess of yield was noted in comparison with the control (without treatment) by 1.4 t/ha (31 %) and with the variant with treatment using a tank mixture without the use of a growth regulator - by 0.9 t/ha (18 %). Under the influence of the plant growth regulator, a decrease in the negative impact of pesticides on growth processes, an increase in crop yield by 18 % due to the formation of an additional number of productive stems (80 pcs / m2 ) were noted and a higher net operating profit was obtained compared to the protection system without a plant growth regulator.

scholarly journals Toxicité Pour L’abeille Apis Mellifera Adansonii De Trois Herbicides Utilisés En Agriculture Au Bénin

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (33) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Déo-Gracias Zoclanclounon ◽  
Armand Paraïso ◽  
Grégoire Paraïso ◽  
Franck Akogbéto ◽  
Gwladys Quenum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Apis Mellifera Adansonii ◽  
The Impact

Obtaining high outputs in agriculture requires the use of pesticides to control pests. However, protection of pollinators, precisely bees is very important. The objective of this study was to study the impact on the bee Apis mellifera adansonii of three herbicides usually used in the crop protection in Benin. Ten doses of each herbicide were used and varied from 0.0036.103 (10 ppm) to 1.8.103 nanogram (ng) per bee (5000 ppm) for Roundup, 0.0041.103 (10 ppm) to 2.05.103 nanogram (ng) per bee (5000 ppm) for Glycel and from 0.004.103 (10 ppm) to 2.103 nanogram (ng) per bee (5000 ppm) for Alligator. Each treatment included three replications consisting of 25 bees. Before the treatment, bees were anaesthetized with ether. Observations were made at 2 h, 10 h, 18h, 24h, 36 h and 48 h after the test. Results have shown that 48 hours after, the doses higher or equal to 0.36.103 ng/ab (1000 ppm) of Roundup induced mortality rate higher than 85 %. After 24 hours, the highest mortality rate of Glycel (45.2 ± 1.6 %) was induced by the dose of 1.23.103 ng/ab (3000 ppm). The dose of Alligator of 2.103 ng/ab (5000 ppm) caused the rates respective of mortality of 65.5 ± 2.4 % and 85 % at 24 h and 48 hours after the test. It is necessary to promote sustainable plant protection practices in relation with the use of herbicides to avoid negative impact on bees’ population.

scholarly journals Use of humic preparation for increasing the effectiveness of insecticides in chickpea cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Elena Polienko ◽  
Artem Grinko ◽  
Vladimir Lykhman ◽  
Olga Naimi ◽  
Yevgeny Patrikeev
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of an experiment (2016—2019) to study the influence of humic preparation on the effectiveness of insecticides of various chemical classes. Phytosanitary monitoring, pests count before and after treatment were carried out in addition to calculating the biological efficiency of insecticides; the impact on chickpea productivity and nutrition regimen was considered against the background of the chemical protection system with the inclusion of the humic preparation BIO-Don10. Harmful objects are cotton budworm (Helicovera armigera Hb) and bean aphid (Aphis fabae). It was found that the pyrethroid class preparation is more effective against cotton scoop. The reduction in bean damage is 93.7%. The efficiency of organophosphorus compounds does not exceed 45.0% in view of the developed stability. The preparations under study showed high efficiency against bean aphid, the decrease in aphid numbers is 93.9 and 90.9% respectively. Humic preparation did not affect this indicator, but allowed to increase the saved crop on the option with pyrethroid by 46.4 - 56.0%, with dimethoate by 29.6 - 40.0%.

scholarly journals Tomato Plants Treated with Systemin Peptide Show Enhanced Levels of Direct and Indirect Defense Associated with Increased Expression of Defense-Related Genes

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coppola ◽  
Lelio ◽  
Romanelli ◽  
Gualtieri ◽  
Molisso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Indirect Defense ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exogenous Supply

Plant defense peptides represent an important class of compounds active against pathogens and insects. These molecules controlling immune barriers can potentially be used as novel tools for plant protection, which mimic natural defense mechanisms against invaders. The constitutive expression in tomato plants of the precursor of the defense peptide systemin was previously demonstrated to increase tolerance against moth larvae and aphids and to hamper the colonization by phytopathogenic fungi, through the expression of a wealth of defense-related genes. In this work we studied the impact of the exogenous supply of systemin to tomato plants on pests to evaluate the use of the peptide as a tool for crop protection in non-transgenic approaches. By combining gene expression studies and bioassays with different pests we demonstrate that the exogenous supply of systemin to tomato plants enhances both direct and indirect defense barriers. Experimental plants, exposed to this peptide by foliar spotting or root uptake through hydroponic culture, impaired larval growth and development of the noctuid moth Spodoptera littoralis, even across generations, reduced the leaf colonization by the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and were more attractive towards natural herbivore antagonists. The induction of these defense responses was found to be associated with molecular and biochemical changes under control of the systemin signalling cascade. Our results indicate that the direct delivery of systemin, likely characterized by a null effect on non-target organisms, represents an interesting tool for the sustainable protection of tomato plants.

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