Perspective of using fusariosis resistant varieties of lupines in organic farming

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
M.S. Korniychuk ◽  
N.V. Tkachenko

The expediency of fusarium resistant lupines usage in organic farming for improving soil fertility and producing high protein feed for livestock is justified in this article. Organic production excludes the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. In these circumstances, increases the value of cultures that positively affect the fertility of soils and their phytosanitary status. These crops include annual fodder lupine (yellow, white and angustifolia), especially varieties that are resistant to disease. Having the highest nitrogen-fixing ability among annual legume crops, lupins, depending on the type and conditions of cultivation, can accumulate from 80 to 300 kg/ha of environmentally pure symbiotic nitrogen in biomass. Plowing the green mass (30-45 t/ha) is equivalent to the corresponding amount of manure or introduction of 5-7 t/ha of ammonium nitrate. 30 kg/ha of phosphorus and 50 kg/ha of potassium are entering the soil with plant remains. Therefore, lupine provides itself with nutrients and still leaves up to 150 kg/ha of nitrogen in the soil after harvesting for subsequent crops in crop rotation. In organic production, fusariosis resistant varieties of lupines are also interesting as a source of high protein feeds for livestock. They are building up to 60 t/ha of biomass, which contains more than one ton of digestible protein. In grain of the fodder varieties contains 40-52% of crude protein, 5.5-6.0% of fat, 10-12% of sugar. The characteristic of fusarium resistant varieties of lupins (yellow, white and angustifolia), created in the NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" and included in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine is presented in this article. These varieties are practically not affected by fusariosis under the production conditions and do not require the use of fungicides during the growing season. They can be grown in crop rotation with a return period of 2-3 years, whereas for unstable it took 6-7 years. Because of the inability to use in organic farming fungicide to prevent crop losses from anthracnose, it is necessary to use predominantly angustifolia lupine varieties, which are now more tolerant to this disease, prevent sowing of infected seeds and adhere to crop rotation. Fusarium-resistant varieties of lupins are suitable for cultivation in poucous and sown crops, and in mixtures with other crops.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (7) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Bogdan KUZNYAK ◽  

The search of forms and methods of promoting the development of organic agriculture, consumption of organic products and its distribution through the long-term marketing concept is considered. Life expectancy in Ukraine in recent years has decreased by 10 years compared to European countries. The natural fertility of the land is gradually deteriorating due to excessive use of mineral fertilizers, pesticides, toxic chemicals and other negative factors. This led to destruction of the fertile soil layer and its most valuable component – humus, the content of which has decreased from 13-14% to 3-5% over the past 100 years. This significantly worsened the living conditions of soil microorganisms ensuring the activities of organic substances and nutrition of agricultural plants and reduced the quality of grown produce, which adversely affects the health of people and nature. The way out of this difficult situation is the transition to organic farming, which at the present stage is increasingly becoming a global strategic direction. The basic principles of organic farming are: (i) refusal to use mineral fertilizers and chemical means of plant protection (pesticides); (ii) use of organic fertilizers and siderates (“green fertilizers”, which fill the soil with organic mass and destroy weeds); (iii) surface cultivation of the soil (not more than 11 cm) sufficient for fluffing its upper layer, protection against weeds and microform balance; (iv) provision of scientifically sound crop rotation, which ensures fertility of the soil and control of weeds and pathogens.


2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
O. I. Tsyliuryk ◽  
V. I. Chorna ◽  
N. V. Voroshylova ◽  
L. M. Desyatnik

In order to obtain a higher level of crop yields in crop rotation, there is a need to increase the application of fertilizers and pesticides, which, in turn, creates environmental problems of soil and groundwater pollution by harmful chemical elements and compounds. The purpose of the study was to study the influence of fertilizer systems with different tillage systems on the accumulation of heavy metals and nitrates in the soil and the main products of field crops. Bookmarking and conducting field experiments were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods of research. The maximum increase in grain yield from the use of N48Р18K18 on the shelf tillage system was – 0.25 (8.7%), grain units – 0.36 (9.9%), feed units – 0.41 (10.3%), digestible protein – 0.02 (5.0%) t/ha of crop rotation area. The use of N48Р18K18 in a differentiated tillage system increased grain yield by 0.34 (12.2%), grain units – 0.49 (13.5%), feed units – 1.12 (28.0%), digestible protein – 0.06 (13.6%) t/ha of crop rotation area. The use of N48Р18K18 in crop rotation with a shallow (mulching) tillage system gave an increase in grain yield by 0.38 (13.6%), grain units – 0.51 (14.2%), feed units – 0.57 (14.5%), digestible protein – 0.07 (15.9%) t/ha of crop rotation area. According to the results of research, the highest increases in mineral fertilizers in terms of productivity were characteristic of a shallow (mulching) background with a characteristic stricter nutrient regime. Our research has not found a significant increase in the content of heavy metals and nitrates in the main and by-products of field crops when applying mineral fertilizers, because their content in the products was within acceptable concentrations. The content of nitrates in the grain of different crops ranged from 18 to 40.4 mg/kg at a maximum concentration limit of 300 mg/kg. High culture of agriculture, improvement and development of new, more effective technologies of application of fertilizers in crop rotation and under each field crop taking into account soil and climatic conditions of the region, biological features of cultures and grades, specialization of crop rotations, etc. prevent environmental pollution. Rational use of mineral and organic fertilizers helps to increase soil fertility and is a major and indispensable factor in significantly increasing plant productivity and crop quality, maintaining an active biological and economic balance of nutrients without contamination of the environment with nitrates and heavy metals.


Author(s):  
V.E. Eshchenko ◽  
S.V. Karnaukh ◽  
A.B. Usik

Organic system of farming (better called a biological system) is an alternative to the modern intensive systems, according to which the technology of cultivated crops involves the production of environmentally healthy food for the humans and feed for farm animals. To do this, crop products must not contain any harmful chemical residues. Therefore, the use of any artificial chemicals, for example, mineral fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, desiccants, defoliants, etc. is prohibited in its production. The area under the organic system is increasing from year to year and by 2018 they have reached 32.4 million hectares in the world, including 7.4 million hectares in Europe, and the leaders among European countries in the production of organic products are Austria and Switzerland. In 2011, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law “On Organic Production”, which defines the legal, economic, social and organizational bases of organic farming. However, the area under such a system in the country so far remains insignificant, and the reason for this is the high potential clogging of our lands, which does not allow the transition to herbicide-free technologies. Below are some techniques that allow you to reduce the clogging of the fields below the threshold of its harmfulness in order to abandon herbicides as a major factor in the deterioration of phytosanitary conditions. Such methods are such a structure of the sown areas, allowing to switch to crop rotation, application of manure without weed seeds, use of improved chills instead of the usual, inclusion in the technology of spring harrowing pre-emergence and their shoots, abandonment of intermediate cultivation for late spring crops instead of spring crops, use spring May.


2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Madzaric ◽  
F.G. Ceglie ◽  
L. Depalo ◽  
L. Al Bitar ◽  
G. Mimiola ◽  
...  

AbstractOrganic greenhouse (OGH) production is characterized by different systems and agricultural practices with diverse environmental impact. Soil arthropods are widely used as bioindicators of ecological sustainability in open field studies, while there is a lack of research on organic production for protected systems. This study assessed the soil arthropod abundance and diversity over a 2-year crop rotation in three systems of OGH production in the Mediterranean. The systems under assessment differed in soil fertility management: SUBST – a simplified system of organic production, based on an input substitution approach (use of guano and organic liquid fertilizers), AGROCOM – soil fertility mainly based on compost application and agroecological services crops (ASC) cultivation (tailored use of cover crops) as part of crop rotation, and AGROMAN – animal manure and ASC cultivation as part of crop rotation. Monitoring of soil fauna was performed by using pitfall traps and seven taxa were considered: Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Araneae, Opiliones, Isopoda, Myriapoda, and Collembola. Results demonstrated high potential of ASC cultivation as a technique for beneficial soil arthropod conservation in OGH conditions. SUBST system was dominated by Collembola in all crops, while AGROMAN and AGROCOM had more balanced relative abundance of Isopoda, Staphylinidae, and Aranea. Opiliones and Myriapoda were more affected by season, while Carabidae were poorly represented in the whole monitoring period. Despite the fact that all three production systems are in accordance with the European Union regulation on organic farming, findings of this study displayed significant differences among them and confirmed the suitability of soil arthropods as bioindicators in protected systems of organic farming.


2021 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
M. Franchuk ◽  
H. Khaietskyi ◽  
V. Shevchuk

The article considers the concept of organic farming, the state and prospects of its development in the trends of climate change. The main problems of organic production on the territory of Ukraine are investigated. It was revealed that for the introduction of organic farming it is necessary to improve the regulatory framework, improve the level of public awareness, take into account the difficulties in growing organic products. The stages of transition of the agrarian enterprise from traditional to organic system of managing are considered. The ecological and toxicological condition of arable lands of Vinnytsia region was also analyzed. The main requirements for the quality of land intended for organic farming, the main among which is the absence of pollution by pesticides, heavy metals, radionuclides and others. It is established that the lands of Vinnytsia region can be divided into two groups of suitability for organic production: suitable and unsuitable. The negative tendency to reduce the application of organic and mineral fertilizers, as well as the active growth of sunflower sown areas due to changes in climatic and agrometeorological conditions of the region, more and more farms use heat-loving crops, displacing traditional grain and technical, which increases the load on agricultural land. There are several features of the implementation of agronomic techniques in the transition period to organic farming in the context of climate change for the territory of Vinnytsia region. It was found that the territory of Vinnytsia region has all the ecological prerequisites for the introduction and conduct of organic farming. However, due to the irrational use of land resources of the region, there is a phenomenon of their degradation: reduced fertility, deteriorating quality, complete withdrawal from economic use. The introduction of organic farming in Vinnytsia will preserve and significantly improve the quality of land resources.


1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
G. C. Emmans

The objective of the present experiment was to define the form of the relationship between varying levels of energy intake at constant, high protein intake and the performance of young pigs. By doing so it was expected that we could distinguish between four models that predict the pig's responses to its diet as rates of protein and lipid retention. Forty young pigs were assigned at 12 kg live weight either to an initial slaughter group (n 8) or to one of four allowances of starch intake at a constant intake of a high-protein feed (with 345 g crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25)/kg food). Half the pigs were killed after 4 weeks and half after 8 weeks on the treatments; at each slaughter point on each treatment half the pigs were entire males and half were females. Increasing the intake of starch (energy) resulted in significant increases in the rates of live weight, empty-body, protein and lipid gains of pigs slaughtered at both stages. There was no minimum positive lipid: protein ratio in the gain of the pigs. Male pigs deposited more protein and less lipid than females but this effect of sex on protein and lipid retention was seen only on the two highest allowances of starch intake. The calculated efficiency of protein utilization increased with increasing starch intake up to a maximum of 0.81, when probably the energy: protein in the diet became non-limiting. The results led to the rejection of two of the models that predict the rates of protein and lipid retention as responses to protein and energy intake, but the two remaining models could not be rejected, at least qualitatively.


2021 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
С.А. Семина ◽  
И.В. Гаврюшина ◽  
Ю.А. Семина

В статье представлены результаты исследований влияния некорневой обработки посевов растворами комплексных удобрений с микроэлементами в хелатной форме Азосол 36 Экстра и Акварин 5 на биохимический состав и кормовую ценность биомассы раннеспелого и среднераннего гибридов кукурузы на различных уровнях корневого питания. Установлено, что на содержание сырого протеина большее влияние оказали минеральные удобрения: содержание сырого протеина в фитомассе раннеспелого гибрида кукурузы увеличилось в среднем на 1,65 %, а среднераннего – на 1,76 %. Положительное влияние на накопление сырого протеина оказала обработка посевов удобрениями с микроэлементами в фазу пяти листьев кукурузы и бинарное применение. При обработке посевов удобрением Акварин 5 отмечается уменьшение сырой клетчатки в фитомассе, а более эффективным было двукратное опрыскивание посевов. Фолиарная обработка комплексными удобрениями с микроэлементами способствовала увеличению содержания сырого жира на 0,10-0,34 %. Какой-либо определенной закономерности в зависимости от вида микроудобрений по влиянию на зольность биомассы и содержание БЭВ не выявлено. На фоне естественного почвенного плодородия больший сбор переваримого протеина получен при двукратном применении микроэлементных удобрений, а на улучшенном агрофоне – при обработке посевов в фазу пяти листьев кукурузы. На обоих фонах минерального питания некорневая обработка Азосол 36 Экстра способствовала получению зеленой массы, лучше обеспеченной переваримым протеином, и выявлено преимущество обработки комплексными удобрениями в фазу пяти листьев и двукратного применения. При обработке посевов Азосол 36 Экстра прибавка кормовых единиц составила 8,1-10,1 %. AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CORN The article presents the research results of the influence of foliar treatment with solutions of complex fertilizers with microelements in chelated form (Azosol 36 Extra and Aquarin 5) on the biochemical composition and feeding value of biomass in early-season and middle-early corn hybrids at different levels of root nutrition. It was found that the content of crude protein was more influenced by mineral fertilizers: the content of crude protein in the phytomass of early-season hybrid corn increased by an average of 1.65 %, and the middle-early – by 1.76 %. A positive effect on the crude protein accumulation was provided by the treatment of crops with fertilizers with microelements in the five-leaf phase of corn and binary application. When treating crops with Aquarin 5 fertilizer, there was a decrease of crude fibre in the phytomass; the double crop spraying was more effective. Foliar treatment with the complex fertilizers with microelements contributed to an increase in the crude fat content by 0.10-0.34 %. No specific pattern was found, depending on the type of microfertilizers, on the effect on the biomass ash-content and the nitrogen-free extractive substances (NFE) content. Against the background of natural soil fertility, a greater collection of digestible protein was obtained with a double application of microelement fertilizers, and against the improved agricultural background – with the treatment of crop in the five-leaf phase of corn. Against both backgrounds of mineral nutrition, foliar treatment with Azosol 36 Extra contributed to obtaining a green mass better provided with digestible protein; and the advantage of treatment with complex fertilizers in the five-leaf phase and the double application was revealed. When treating crops with Azosol 36 Extra, the increase in feed units was 8.1-10.1 %.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
V. Lopushniak

Aim. To establish the effect of different fertilization systems in short fi eld crop rotation on the change in the state of humus in the dark gray podzolic soils in Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were carried out in a stationary experiment of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the L’viv National Agrarian University; determination of humus content – according to DSTU 4289:2004, and that of its labile forms – in accordance with DSTU 4732:2007, fraction-group composition – by Ponomare- va-Plotnikova’s method, according to the measurement procedure 31-497058-008-2002. Results. The use of organo-mineral fertilizer system in short fi eld crop rotation with the saturation of organic fertilizers of 15 t/ha of crop rotation contributes to the humus content increase by 0.7 % after the third rotation in 0–40 cm layer of dark gray podzolic soil, the increase in the share of stable forms of humic compounds up to 57–59 % and the increase in the ratio of R HA :R FA to 1.3–1.4. The study demonstrated very high dependence of amount of gross energy reserves in the humus on the R HA :R FA ratio. Conclusions. The combined application of organic fertili- zers in the form of manure, non-market of the crop (straw) and siderate, along with mineral fertilizers is re- commended in short fi eld crop rotations of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine toensure expanded reproduction of fertility of dark gray podzolic soil, improvement of its humus status, increase in gross energy reserves and the share of the stable forms and humic acids in the humus.


2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарев ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина

Пахотные угодья Республики Коми в основном представлены дерново-подзолистыми почвами с низким естественным плодородием, которые без применения удобрений быстро подвергаются деградационным процессам, что резко снижает их продуктивность. Цель исследований: оценка эффективности долговременного применения органических и минеральных удобрений при выращивании картофеля в кормовом севообороте в условиях Республики Коми. Методической основой выполнения работ были комплексные исследования дерново-подзолистых почв, клубней картофеля на участках многолетнего полевого эксперимента, заложенного на землях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН в соответствии с «Методическими указаниями географической сети опытов с удобрениями». Длительный период исследований (более 40 лет) характеризовался различными климатическими условиями, которые отразились на количестве урожая и качестве клубней картофеля. Было проведено 7 ротаций (14 лет) с выращиванием картофеля. Вносили органические удобрения – торфонавозный компост (ТНК) в дозах 40 и 80 т/га (1 и 2 фон, соответственно) под картофель и минеральные удобрения – NPК в дозах 1/3; 1/2 и 1 для восполнения выноса растениями элементов питания. Установлено положительное влияние комплексного применения органических и минеральных удобрений на урожайность и качество картофеля, а также на плодородие дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой среднеокультуренной почвы в кормовом севообороте в почвенно-климатических условиях Республики Коми. В результате применения шестипольного севооборота и комплексного внесения удобрений с 1978 года к 2019 году в почвах снизилась обменная и гидролитическая кислотность; повысилось содержание гумуса на 0,5% (в контроле); на 0,2–0,5% (с тремя дозами минеральных удобрений); на 0,3–1,1% (с ТНК); на 0,2–1,6% (при совместном применении органических и минеральных удобрений). Наибольшие урожаи картофеля получены при совместном применении органических (80 т/га) и минеральных удобрений (1 NPК) и составили 37,1 т/га клубней (8,5 тыс/га кормовых единиц). При таком соотношении удобрений показано высокое качество клубней картофеля: содержание крахмала 15,5%, витамина С – 19,4 мг%, сырого протеина – 14,1%. Количество нитратного азота не превышало ПДК (ПДК 250 мг.с.м.). Экономические расчеты показали, что при внесении ТНК 40 т/га + 1 NPК в дерново-подзолистые почвы с.-х. использования в среднетаежной зоне Республики Коми при выращивании картофеля, условный чистый доход составит 68,4 тыс. р. с 1 га, себестоимость 1 т картофеля – 2,8 тыс. р., рентабельность 188,7%. The arable land of the Republic of Komi is mainly represented by dern-sub-ground soils with low natural fertility, which without the use of fertilizers are quickly subjected to degradation processes, which dramatically reduces their productivity. The aim of the research is to evaluate the efficiency of long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers in the growing of potatoes in feed crop rotation in the conditions of the Komi Republic. The methodological basis for carrying out the works was comprehensive studies of dern-subhead soils, potato tubers on the sites of a multi-year field experiment laid on the lands of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the FRC Komi SC UB RAS in accordance with the «Methodological Instructions of the Geographical Network of Experiments with Fertilizers». A long period of research (more than 40 years) was characterized by different climatic conditions, which affected the number of crops and the quality of potato tubers. There were 7 rotations (14 years) with potato cultivation. Organic fertilizers – peat-avous compost (TNK) in doses of 40 and 80 t/ha (1 and 2 background, respectively) for potatoes and mineral fertilizers – NPK in doses of 1/3; 1/2 and 1 to replenish the carry-out of food elements by plants. The positive effect of the integrated use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of potatoes, as well as on the fertility of soddy-podzolic light loamy medium cultivated soil in fodder crop rotation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic, has been established. As a result of the use of six-bed crop rotation and the integrated application of fertilizers, metabolic and hydrolytic acidity decreased in soils from 1978 to 2019; humus content increased by 0.5% (in control); 0.2–0.5% (with three doses of mineral fertilizers); 0.3–1.1% (with TNCs); 0.2–1.6% (with combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers). The largest potato yields were obtained from the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha tubers (8.5 thousand/ha feed units). The largest potato harvests were obtained with the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha of tubers (8.5 thousand/ha of feed units). With this ratio of fertilizers, the high quality of potato tubers was also determined: the starch content was 15.5%, vitamin C – 19.4 mg%, crude protein – 14.1%. The amount of nitrate nitrogen did not exceed the MPC (MPC 250 mg.s.m.). Economic calculations showed that if TNK is added 40 t/ha 1 NPK to the dern-sub-ground soils of agricultural use in the medium-sized zone of the Komi Republic when growing potatoes, the conditional net income will be 68.4 thousand rubles from 1 ha, the cost of 1 t of potatoes – 2.8 thousand rubles, profitability 188.7%.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
O.L. Kyrylesko

Influence of top-dressing is considered in the article, norms and terms of sowing on of winter-annual rape. The assessment conducted by the yield of green mass and seeds, output capacity by about 1 hectare of dry matter, feed units and digestible protein, the number of dead plants and density of herbage. Established that hardiness and productivity of winter rape can be enhanced through the use of farming practices as: by creating a moderate density of herbage, using optimal terms of planting and doses of mineral fertilizers, selection of predecessors and careful preparation of the soil ect. The mechanism of influence of agrotechnical receptions is exposed on of winter-annual rape through determination in roots before the offensive of the winter of separate biochemical indexes (sugar, starch, to protein).


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