scholarly journals Remote sensing and GPR study of the Raddle glacier of the Ridge Munku-Sardyk (the East Sayan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-285
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Kitov ◽  
Ivan Denisenko ◽  
Oxana Lunina ◽  
Andrey Gladkov ◽  
Viktor Plyusnin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Open Part ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Eastern Sayan ◽  
Geometric Changes ◽  
First Time

The Munku-Sardyk (Eastern Sayan) glacier has been described and studied for more than 100 years. The first largest glacier of Peretolchina was studied in the most detailed detail. Radde's second-largest glacier is much weaker. Monitoring of surface characteristics of the Radde glacier by ground methods and using data of remote sensing of the Earth (RSE) has been carried out since 2006. In 2018, georadar profiling of this glacier was performed for the first time. As a result, it was possible not only to clarify its surface characteristics, but also to assess the power of the ice and the internal structure (a layer of firn, ice, bed). According to the RSE, its geometric changes have been revealed. Over 120 years, the open part of the Radde Glacier has shrunk from 0.4 to 0.09 km2, and the length from 1 to 0.4 km. It also revealed the division of the glacier into two parts and the intensive reservation of the bottom of the main part of the tongue by surface moraines and the formation of a glacial lake on the glacier itself in the lower part of the second half. Radar research using the Oko-2 georadar, allowed to determine the volume of ice of this glacier 0.003 km3 and the greatest thickness of the main ice body 42 m. The main glacier flows down from the Eskadriliy top, 3168 m, to the north, flows on the cross-bar and from it turns to the northeast, and at the bottom of the kar will continue to flow north again.

System Information Model of Obtaining and Using Data of Remote Sensing the Earth

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Ludmila I. Samoilenko ◽  
Sergey A. Baulin ◽  
Tatyana V. Ilyenko ◽  
Margarita A. Kirnosova ◽  
Ludmila N. Kolos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information Model ◽  
The Earth ◽  
System Information ◽  
Using Data

Alexander and the Mongols

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Andrew Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Century ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
Book Of Genesis ◽  
First Time

The association of Alexander the Great with the Mongols begins with the identification of the latter with the peoples of Gog and Magog. The evolution of this legend, which has its origin in the Book of Genesis, is curious in the extreme. In Genesis Magog is mentioned as one of the sons of Japhet, his name occurring between those of Gomer and Madai. Since Madai is clearly intended as the eponym of the Medes and Gomer has been located in Cappadocia and Phrygia it has been plausibly suggested that Magog at this stage corresponded to the territory in between, i.e. the region immediately south of the Caucasus in Eastern and Northern Armenia. In Ezekiel we hear for the first time of Gog “of the land of Magog”, who will come from his place out of the uttermost parts of the north, he and many peoples with him, “all of them riding on horses, a great company and a mighty army.” It will be seen that the “land of Magog” can no longer be located south of the Caucasus, and indeed Ezekiel's prophecy of the invasion of Gog has been interpreted as an echo of the invasions of the Cimmerians, who came southwards from the steppes through the Darial pass towards the end of the eighth century B.C.; or more probably of the invasion of the Scythians which took place in the following century by way of Darband. Finally we are told in Revelation that “when the thousand years are finished, Satan shall be loosed out of his prison, and shall come forth to deceive the nations which are in the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them together to the war; the number of whom is as the sand of the sea”.

scholarly journals Rock glaciers in the Suntar‑Khayata Range

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Lytkin ◽  
A. A. Galanin
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Altitudinal Range ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
First Time

The remote map‑making technique and results of field investigations made possible for the first time to reveal a great number of rock glaciers within the area of the Suntar‑Khayata Range (North‑East Asia). A total of 540 formations were identified. Among them, 47 rock glaciers were classified as corrie (cirque) tongue‑shaped formations and 493 ones – as niche lobe‑shaped (single‑ and multi‑lobe) rock glaciers. Occurrence of such formations is 8.4/100 km2, that is the largest in the North‑East Asia. The rock glaciers in this region are found within a range of true altitudes from 1297 up to 2402 m asl. The majority of active features, however, are confined to the interval between 1500 and 1900 m asl. Rock glaciers occur in the altitudinal range of 1297 to 2402 m asl. The majority of active features, however, are confined to the interval between 1500 and 1900 m asl, and the main part of active formations is located within the range of 1500‑2500 m. The frequency analysis of true altitudes of the rock‑glacier occurrence indicates that their formation can be caused by the hypsometry of the region relation to morphoclimatic zonality.

scholarly journals Sensing Archaeology in the North: The Use of Non-Destructive Geophysical and Remote Sensing Methods in Archaeology in Scandinavian and North Atlantic Territories

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Cuenca-García ◽  
Ole Risbøl ◽  
C. Richard Bates ◽  
Arne Anderson Stamnes ◽  
Fredrik Skoglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods ◽  
First Time ◽  
Non Destructive

In August 2018, a group of experts working with terrestrial/marine geophysics and remote sensing methods to explore archaeological sites in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Scotland and Sweden gathered together for the first time at the Workshop ‘Sensing Archaeology in The North’. The goal was to exchange experiences, discuss challenges, and consider future directions for further developing these methods and strategies for their use in archaeology. After the event, this special journal issue was arranged to publish papers that are based on the workshop presentations, but also to incorporate work that is produced by other researchers in the field. This paper closes the special issue and further aims to provide current state-of-the-art for the methods represented by the workshop. Here, we introduce the aspects that inspired the organisation of the meeting, a summary of the 12 presentations and eight paper contributions, as well as a discussion about the main outcomes of the workshop roundtables, including the production of two searchable databases (online resources and equipment). We conclude with the position that the ‘North’, together with its unique cultural heritage and thriving research community, is at the forefront of good practice in the application and development of sensing methods in archaeological research and management. However, further method development is required, so we claim the support of funding bodies to back research efforts based on testing/experimental studies to: explore unknown survey environments and identify optimal survey conditions, as well as to monitor the preservation of archaeological remains, especially those that are at risk. It is demonstrated that remote sensing and geophysics not only have an important role in the safeguarding of archaeological sites from development and within prehistorical-historical research, but the methods can be especially useful in recording and monitoring the increased impact of climate change on sites in the North.

scholarly journals Application of geoinformation technologies and remote sensing of the Earth to assess the impact of aridity of the territory on the water quality of small rivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1052-1059
Author(s):  
Anton V. Kosarev ◽  
Dmitriy E. Ivanov ◽  
Anatoliy N. Mikerov ◽  
Kseniya A. Savina ◽  
Timur K. Valeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Introduction. The relevance of the work for preventive medicine is due to the need to assess the impact of climate aridity on the hygienic safety of drinking water. The aim of the work is to determine the influence of the degree of aridity of the arid regions of Russia on the hygienic safety of drinking water prepared from surface water sources. Materials and methods. The objects of the study are the water of small rivers located in the arid regions of the Saratov Region and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The content of pollutants in water was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, spectrophotometry, and potentiometry. Satellite images for the implementation of remote sensing of the Earth are obtained in the geoinformation catalogue earthexplorer.usgs.gov. Image processing and mapping of the studied territories was carried out using the QGIS program, version 3.12.3. Results. Using the method of remote sensing of the Earth, it was revealed for the first time that the low-arid regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan correspond to positive NDMI values. In contrast, the areas of the Saratov region are characterized by negative NDMI values. For the first time, a statistically significant correlation has been established between the hygienic hazard caused by polluting chemicals in water, typical for arid territories and the change in the aridity index NDMI. Biogenic nitrogen, iron, and manganese make the most significant contribution to the formation of the non-carcinogenic danger of small river waters in the conditions of climate warming. Conclusion. We have shown for the first time using the remote sensing method of the Earth that low-arid regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan correspond to low positive values of the aridity index NDMI than for the areas of the Saratov region characterized by negative NDMI values. For the first time, a correlation was established between an increase in the degree of aridity of arid areas of Russia and an increase in non-carcinogenic health risk due to the use of drinking water prepared from surface water sources.

Reference Coordinate System Requirements for Geophysics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
P. L. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Polar Motion ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Angular Motion ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Axis Of Rotation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Fixed System

AbstractFive important geodynamical quantities which are closely linked are: 1) motions of points on the Earth’s surface; 2)polar motion; 3) changes in UT1-UTC; 4) nutation; and 5) motion of the geocenter. For each of these we expect to achieve measurements in the near future which have an accuracy of 1 to 3 cm or 0.3 to 1 milliarcsec.From a metrological point of view, one can say simply: “Measure each quantity against whichever coordinate system you can make the most accurate measurements with respect to”. I believe that this statement should serve as a guiding principle for the recommendations of the colloquium. However, it also is important that the coordinate systems help to provide a clear separation between the different phenomena of interest, and correspond closely to the conceptual definitions in terms of which geophysicists think about the phenomena.In any discussion of angular motion in space, both a “body-fixed” system and a “space-fixed” system are used. Some relevant types of coordinate systems, reference directions, or reference points which have been considered are: 1) celestial systems based on optical star catalogs, distant galaxies, radio source catalogs, or the Moon and inner planets; 2) the Earth’s axis of rotation, which defines a line through the Earth as well as a celestial reference direction; 3) the geocenter; and 4) “quasi-Earth-fixed” coordinate systems.When a geophysicists discusses UT1 and polar motion, he usually is thinking of the angular motion of the main part of the mantle with respect to an inertial frame and to the direction of the spin axis. Since the velocities of relative motion in most of the mantle are expectd to be extremely small, even if “substantial” deep convection is occurring, the conceptual “quasi-Earth-fixed” reference frame seems well defined. Methods for realizing a close approximation to this frame fortunately exist. Hopefully, this colloquium will recommend procedures for establishing and maintaining such a system for use in geodynamics. Motion of points on the Earth’s surface and of the geocenter can be measured against such a system with the full accuracy of the new techniques.The situation with respect to celestial reference frames is different. The various measurement techniques give changes in the orientation of the Earth, relative to different systems, so that we would like to know the relative motions of the systems in order to compare the results. However, there does not appear to be a need for defining any new system. Subjective figures of merit for the various system dependon both the accuracy with which measurements can be made against them and the degree to which they can be related to inertial systems.The main coordinate system requirement related to the 5 geodynamic quantities discussed in this talk is thus for the establishment and maintenance of a “quasi-Earth-fixed” coordinate system which closely approximates the motion of the main part of the mantle. Changes in the orientation of this system with respect to the various celestial systems can be determined by both the new and the conventional techniques, provided that some knowledge of changes in the local vertical is available. Changes in the axis of rotation and in the geocenter with respect to this system also can be obtained, as well as measurements of nutation.

Characterization and evolution of spearfishing in Madeira archipelago, Eastern Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Roi Martínez-Escauriaza ◽  
Claudio Vieira ◽  
Lídia Gouveia ◽  
Nuno Gouveia ◽  
Margarida Hermida
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
The North ◽  
Southeast Coast ◽  
Madeira Archipelago ◽  
First Time

Data obtained from licenses of spearfishers and surveys conducted in 2004 and 2017 allowed for the analysis, for the first time, of the practice of spearfishing in the Madeira archipelago. Only a small percentage of the population practices spearfishing, mostly local young men. Most of them practice the activity with a partner throughout most of the year and along most of the island's coastal areas, although preferentially along the North and Southeast coast. Results show how, in recent years, despite the population of spearfishers decreasing, the abundance in the annual catch potentially increased, probably due to the higher investment of time in this activity. It has been observed that many fishers complement their catches with manual collecting of invertebrates. Overall, 40 teleost fishes and also 4 crustaceans and 8 molluscs were identified. The most frequently captured fish species were parrotfish and white seabream, while limpets were the most collected invertebrates in both selected periods.

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