Intention towards Using Loan in Income Generating Activities: A Conceptual Study among Poor and Low-Income Households in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-67
Author(s):  
Nadzirah Mohd Said ◽  
Noorshella Che Nawi ◽  
Noorul Azwin Md Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Entrepreneurial Competencies

Even though the country has done a fantastic job of eradicating poverty, some significant challenges and concerns come as a result of globalisation. The following are important concerns that must be solved as the country enters a new category of poverty. Malaysia is an impendence country which variety population segmentation based on ethnicity as well as religion. In actuality, it has the potential to aggravate social issues, particularly in Malaysia. Indeed, Malaysia has adopted many social programmes including economic and social investment. However, poor people in rural and urban areas since poverty has long been seen to be a rural issue with more than half of all family units falling into this category in Malaysia. Besides, there is a lack of awareness of the causes and sources of poverty as well as a strategy for dealing with the issue. In addition, there is currently a scarcity of research on the influence of anti-poverty initiatives on community welfare in the Malaysian context. Hence, low-income people's goals regarding the Malaysian government's incentive or programme to improve their income are conceptualised in this paper by concern the Theory of Planned Behaviour with four variables namely attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and entrepreneurial competencies. Keywords: Attitude, Entrepreneurial Competencies, Entrepreneurial Intention, Perceived Behavioural Control, Subjective Norms

Intention Towards Using Loan in Income Generating Activities: A Conceptual Study Among Poor and Low-Income Households

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
Nadzirah Mohd Said ◽  
Noorshella Che Nawi ◽  
Noorul Azwin Md Nasir ◽  
Wan Farha Wan Zulkiffli ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control ◽  
Entrepreneurial Competencies

Objective – Even though the country has done a fantastic job of eradicating poverty, some significant challenges and concerns come as a result of globalisation. The following are important concerns that must be solved as the country enters a new category of poverty. Methodology – Malaysia is an impendence country which variety population segmentation based on ethnicity as well as religion. In actuality, it has the potential to aggravate social issues, particularly in Malaysia. Indeed, Malaysia has adopted many social programmes including economic and social investment. Findings– However, poor people in rural and urban areas since poverty has long been seen to be a rural issue with more than half of all family units falling into this category in Malaysia. Besides, there is a lack of awareness of the causes and sources of poverty as well as a strategy for dealing with the issue. In addition, there is currently a scarcity of research on the influence of anti-poverty initiatives on community welfare in the Malaysian context. Novelty – Hence, low-income people's goals regarding the Malaysian government's incentive or programme to improve their income are conceptualised in this paper by concern the Theory of Planned Behaviour with four variables namely attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and entrepreneurial competencies. Type of Paper: Review JEL Classification: D10, D14, D19. Keywords: Attitude, Entrepreneurial Competencies, Entrepreneurial Intention, Perceived Behavioural Control, Subjective Norms

scholarly journals Does entrepreneurship education matter for the enhancement of entrepreneurial intention?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-387
Author(s):  
M J Malebana
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Comprehensive University ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Entrepreneurial Competencies

The purpose of this paper was to establish whether rural university students in South Africa who have had different levels of exposure to entrepreneurship education differ in entrepreneurial intention, attitude towards becoming an entrepreneur, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms and entrepreneurial competencies. A survey was conducted using a convenience and purposive sample of 355 South African university students from a comprehensive university in the Eastern Cape and a university of technology in Limpopo. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data, which were analysed by means of SPSS. The respondents with three years’ exposure to entrepreneurship education were statistically significantly different from those with six months’ exposure to entrepreneurship education and those with no exposure to entrepreneurship education in entrepreneurial intention, attitude towards becoming an entrepreneur, perceived behavioural control and subjective norms. In addition, the respondents with three years’ exposure to entrepreneurship education were statistically significantly different from those with no exposure to entrepreneurship education in entrepreneurial competencies in terms of the ability to recognise and evaluate opportunities in the market. The results suggest that long term exposure to entrepreneurship education is vital in stimulating entrepreneurial intention.

scholarly journals Predicting Entrepreneurial Intentions and Pre-Start-Up Behaviour among Asnaf Millennials

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengku Mohd Azizuddin Tuan Mahmood ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Ghazali Bin Ahmad ◽  
Mohamed Dahlan Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Opportunity Recognition ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control ◽  
Start Up

The study referred to the theory of planned behaviour in determining how the selected factors (innovativeness, proactive personality, need of achievement, internal locus of control, risk-taking propensity, lifestyle integration, social networking, resource and opportunity recognition, attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control) influenced the entrepreneurial intentions and pre-start-up behaviour among the Asnaf millennials in Malaysia. This study collected cross-sectional survey data, which are quantitative data from 310 randomly selected Asnaf millennials from Kelantan, Malaysia using structured interviews. This study used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling PLS-SEM to analyse the data. The result confirmed the indirect influence (entrepreneurial intention) of attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control on the pre-start-up behaviour. Findings revealed that all antecedents have a positive and statistically significant effect on attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control, with an exception to risk-taking propensity. Hence, it is suggested that development programs and policies should enhance the innovativeness and opportunity recognition competency, provide access to working capital, and build a platform to promote entrepreneurial networking in increasing entrepreneurial intention among the low-income Asnaf millennials in Malaysia.

A missing link: the behavioral mediators between resources and entrepreneurial intentions

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 752-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Aragon-Sanchez ◽  
Samuel Baixauli-Soler ◽  
Antonio Jose Carrasco-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Access To Resources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control

Purpose Based on the theory of planned behaviour and the resource-based perspective, the purpose of this paper is to provide a well-supported explanation of how access to resources, defined as those controlled by the family context and not necessarily controlled by the student, changes attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control and, consequently, the entrepreneurial intentions of secondary students. Design/methodology/approach In contrast to traditional research methodologies, this study used a different approach based on primary survey data collected from secondary students to study future entrepreneurial intentions. Structural equation models were used in the empirical analysis. Findings Secondary students with more access to resources – financial and human capital – have stronger entrepreneurial intentions because they have more favourable attitudes and subjective norms, and greater perceived behavioural control. This study finds that cultural capital has no significant impact on entrepreneurial intention. Practical implications Key policy actions should increase access to resources for young people. Originality/value This study shows that the effect of access to resources on entrepreneurial intention is mediated by attitudes, social norms and perceived behavioural control. The results suggest that the relationship between access to resources and entrepreneurial intentions is more complex and nuanced than previously thought.

Psychological capital and entrepreneurship: gender differences

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Villanueva-Flores ◽  
Mirta Diaz-Fernandez ◽  
Dara Hernandez-Roque ◽  
Marloes van Engen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control

Purpose This study aims to examine whether the psychological capital of male and female university students explains the intention to undertake entrepreneurism. Following Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour, the aim was to study whether perceived behavioural control and subjective norms influence entrepreneurial intention and if subjective norms moderate established relationships, in both genders. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modelling and analysis of variance was applied to test the hypotheses amongst students at a Spanish university. Findings The results showed that gender differences in psychological capital, in perceived behavioural control and in subjective norms existed between the male and female population, which explain gender differences in entrepreneurial intention. Similarly, subjective norms acted as a moderator in the relationship between psychological capital, the perceived behavioural control and entrepreneurial intention, with the moderating impact being higher on the female population. Practical implications The results obtained in this paper indicate that developing perceived behavioural control and the psychological capital of university students in training programmes of male and female students helps to promote their entrepreneurial intention. Similarly, the results suggest that building a support network, for instance of family and groups of friends is key to fostering entrepreneurial intention, particularly for women. Originality/value Entrepreneurship is key to the successful employability of current and future generations in the labour market. This study examined key antecedents of student’s entrepreneurial intention and how these are gendered. For both men and women (investing in) psychological capital is important. Informal social support was shown to play a key role in women’s entrepreneurial intention.

TURNING FARMERS INTO SOCIAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURS FOR DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remus Runcan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Rural And Urban

According to Romania’s National Rural Development Programme, the socio-economic situation of the rural environment has a large number of weaknesses – among which low access to financial resources for small entrepreneurs and new business initiatives in rural areas and poorly developed entrepreneurial culture, characterized by a lack of basic managerial knowledge – but also a large number of opportunities – among which access of the rural population to lifelong learning and entrepreneurial skills development programmes and entrepreneurs’ access to financial instruments. The population in rural areas depends mainly on agricultural activities which give them subsistence living conditions. The gap between rural and urban areas is due to low income levels and employment rates, hence the need to obtain additional income for the population employed in subsistence and semi-subsistence farming, especially in the context of the depopulation trend. At the same time, the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in rural areas is high and is at a resonance with the need to increase the potential of rural communities from the perspective of landscape, culture, traditional activities and local resources. A solution could be to turn vegetal and / or animal farms into social farms – farms on which people with disabilities (but also adolescents and young people with anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide, and alexithymia issues) might find a “foster” family, bed and meals in a natural, healthy environment, and share the farm’s activities with the farmer and the farmer’s family: “committing to a regular day / days and times for a mutually agreed period involves complying with any required health and safety practices (including use of protective clothing and equipment), engaging socially with the farm family members and other people working on and around the farm, and taking on tasks which would include working on the land, taking care of animals, or helping out with maintenance and other physical work”

scholarly journals Who wants to be a franchisee? Explaining individual intentions to become franchisees

2021 ◽  
pp. 026624262110136
Author(s):  
Evelien Croonen ◽  
Hans van der Bij ◽  
Rozenn Perrigot ◽  
Assâad El Akremi ◽  
Olivier Herrbach
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Need For Achievement ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control ◽  
Important Challenge

An important challenge for franchisors is to find individuals with strong intentions to become franchisees that they can actively support in this ambition. We contribute to franchising research by developing and testing a model to explain individual intentions to become franchisees as a specific type of entrepreneurial intention (EI). We combine Achievement Motivation Theory (AMT) with the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to propose inverted U-shaped associations between individual motivations (i.e. need for achievement and risk-taking propensity), their cognitive assessments of franchising (i.e. attitude towards franchising and perceived behavioural control), and their EI regarding franchising. Our survey of 666 individuals demonstrates that need for achievement impacts attitude towards franchising and perceived behavioural control regarding franchising following respectively inverted U-shaped and declining positive relationships, and they partly mediate the relationships between need for achievement and EI regarding franchising. We find a negative linear association with attitude towards franchising.

Komparácia pro-poor rastu vo vidieckych a mestských oblastiach Indonézie

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Frličková
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Partial Period ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The paper analyses construction and use of a selected indicator of pro-poor growth – the rate of pro-poor growth. It further explains the interpretation of this indicator in absolute and relative terms and indicates how economic growth affects poverty and inequality. The selected indicator is applied to the example of Indonesia and compares pro-poor growth in urban and rural areas of the country, examines regional disparities in terms of pro-poor growth for the period 1996–2019. From the absolute interpretation, pro-poor growth is observed in both urban and rural areas over the whole period. In relative terms, results of pro-poor growth for the first partial period (1996–2000) differ. While there was a relative pro-poor growth in the rural areas, there was a strong pro-poor growth in the cities with a significant decline in inequality observed (incomes of poor people increased while the average income of the whole population dropped). Indonesia achieved trickle-down growth in both rural and urban areas in two remaining periods (2000–2010 and 2010–2019).

scholarly journals What Makes an Individual Invest in Stocks?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Candy Candy
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control ◽  
Behavioral Biases ◽  
Independent Variable

The purpose of this research is to examine the factors that influence intention to invest in stocks of an individual. This research are using quantitative data with 395 questionnaires collected from Batam residents who as sample. Questionnaire consists indicators for independent variable that included attitude, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, past behavioral biases and intention to invest. Multiple regression used as the analysis method and result showed that all independent variable have a positive significant effect on intention to invest. It means those factors can motivated an individual to invest in stocks market.

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