Determine the Food Access among Low-Income Households in Rural Area, Kedah, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zubir Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Food Deserts ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
Low Income Households

Objective - This study aims to determine the low-income group in rural areas to food access. This study also determines the main source of choice for this group to get food. Methodology - This study was conducted in Baling, Sik, and Padang Terap districts in Kedah. There is 200 respondent involved in this study. Findings - The results showed that 97.87% of low-income households in Baling, 82.36% in Sik, and 71.43% in Padang Terap had low food access status and were prone to food deserts areas. Low -income households in the area prefer grocery stores for food access over supermarkets. A large number of low-income households access food at the supermarket once a month causing geographical factors. Novelty - In conclusion, policymakers need to determine the measurement and assessment of food deserts in rural areas in Malaysia. Kedai Rakyat 1 Malaysia (KR1M) and the KedaiRuncit Transformation Program (TUKAR) can be re-implemented with the improvement of their implementation structure to improve food access in rural areas. Type of Paper - Empirical. Keywords: Food Access; Low-Income Households; Food Deserts; Rural Area; Kedah

scholarly journals Qualitative perspectives of the North Carolina healthy food small retailer program among customers in participating stores located in food deserts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Haynes-Maslow ◽  
Stephanie B. Jilcott Pitts ◽  
Kathryn A. Boys ◽  
Jared T. McGuirt ◽  
Sheila Fleischhacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Food Deserts ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
The State ◽  
The North

Abstract Background The North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program (NC HFSRP) was established through a policy passed by the state legislature to provide funding for small food retailers located in food deserts with the goal of increasing access to and sales of healthy foods and beverages among local residents. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine perceptions of the NC HFSRP among store customers. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with 29 customers from five NC HFSRP stores in food deserts across eastern NC. Interview questions were related to shoppers’ food and beverage purchases at NC HFSRP stores, whether they had noticed any in-store efforts to promote healthier foods and beverages, their suggestions for promoting healthier foods and beverages, their familiarity with and support of the NC HFSRP, and how their shopping and consumption habits had changed since implementation of the NC HFSRP. A codebook was developed based on deductive (from the interview guide questions) and inductive (emerged from the data) codes and operational definitions. Verbatim transcripts were double-coded and a thematic analysis was conducted based on code frequency, and depth of participant responses for each code. Results Although very few participants were aware of the NC HFSRP legislation, they recognized changes within the store. Customers noted that the provision of healthier foods and beverages in the store had encouraged them to make healthier purchase and consumption choices. When a description of the NC HFSRP was provided to them, all participants were supportive of the state-funded program. Participants discussed program benefits including improving food access in low-income and/or rural areas and making healthy choices easier for youth and for those most at risk of diet-related chronic diseases. Conclusions Findings can inform future healthy corner store initiatives in terms of framing a rationale for funding or policies by focusing on increased food access among vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals Food Consumption and Food Belief Among Paddy Farmers Households in Rural Area, Kedah, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHMAD ZUBIR IBRAHIM
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Paddy Farmers

Abstract Background Food consumption influences food security household level, particularly among paddy farmers households especially in the rural area. At the same time food taboo or food belief among paddy farmers people in a rural area in certain food still exist until now. Therefore, this study aims to explore the food consumption and food belief among low-income households in the rural area, Kedah Malaysia Methods This qualitative study was carried out in Kubang Pasu, Alor Setar, Pendang, Kuala Muda and Baling district in Kedah, Malaysia. A total of 225 respondents were involved in this study. Data were collected from heads of households involve directly in paddy crops. Results The study found out, that paddy farmers households in a rural area of Kedah Malaysia consumed less food with a score of less than 30.0. This group uses chub mackerel fish as a protein resource because the price is low when compared to other saltwater fish (e.g. pomfret, king mackerel, grouper fish, mangrove red snapper, snapper, and barramundi), and also uses freshwater fish as a protein resource. Furthermore, food beliefs also influenced food consumption among the rural paddy farmers households in Kedah. Conclusion The findings reveal the food consumption patterns of low-income families especially, particularly in rural areas, and point to the need for more targeted and planned programmes within the low-income group to improve food security, particularly in food consumption households. However, food belief inseparable in their daily routine.

scholarly journals Perceptions of the Local Food Environment and Experiences with Food Access Among Low Income Rural Louisiana Residents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 203-203
Author(s):  
Denise Holston ◽  
Matthew Greene ◽  
Jessica Stroope
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Funding Sources

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this exploratory study was to describe perceptions of the local food environment and factors related to food access among low-income residents in rural, high-poverty parishes (counties) in Louisiana. Methods Data were primarily collected from four focus group discussions (FGD). Participants were low-income residents of high poverty, rural parishes and participating in at least one public assistance program. Subjects provided consent and completed a food access survey prior to participation. The FGD questions were based on rural food access literature and study objectives. During the FGD, participants were asked about their perceptions of the local food environment and local food access, how they acquired food, barriers to food access and possible solutions to address perceived barriers. FGD were transcribed verbatim and coded and themed by independent coders. Results 24 low-income adults participated in the FGD. 96% of participants were Black and 25% were male. Almost half (42%) reported not having enough food per month and 62% (n = 15) reported running out of food before the end of the month. Almost all participants reported that price was the most important factor when shopping for food. The majority of participants, especially in 2 parishes, thought the cost of food was too high at stores within the parish. Barriers to access to foods included cost, transportation, and not having enough benefits or money to cover monthly food costs. The majority of participants, especially in 2 parishes, traveled 30 or more miles to grocery stores for perceived reasonable prices and quality food. Transportation for monthly shopping trips came at a price of $10–$40 per trip. Participants in one isolated parish traveled to other parishes for specific items. Participants reported shopping at 2–4 stores monthly based on sales. Participant- derived solutions to food access were few but included locally owned grocery stores and local, public transit to foods stores for better prices. Conclusions Food access for low-income individuals living in rural locations is complex and contributes to food insecurity observed in this population. Public transit to grocery stores with low prices may be a solution to food access challenges in rural areas. Funding Sources Centers for Disease Control NU58DP006570.

Rural Food Deserts: Food Access Status among Low-Income Households in Rural Area, Kedah, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-114
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zubir Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Food Deserts ◽  
International Level ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Low Income Households

Food security happens when all people have physical and economic access to enough safe and nutritious food that satisfies their nutritional needs and desires for an active and balanced life at all times (FAO 2008). Food access is one of the key aspects of food security that must be met in order to achieve food security status. Food access, described as a sufficient supply of food at the national or international level, does not guarantee food security at the household level. Concerns regarding inadequate food access have prompted policymakers to place a greater emphasis on wages, expenditures, economies, and prices in order to achieve food security goals (FAO 2008). Keywords: Food Access, Low-Income Households, Food Deserts

scholarly journals Mapping of Grocery Stores in Slovak Countryside in Context of Food Deserts

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1633-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristína Bilková ◽  
František Križan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Deserts ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Food Retailing ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Potential Food

The paper is focused on mapping grocery stores in the Slovak countryside with an emphasis on identifying potential food deserts in rural areas. Grocery stores are analyzed in the time period 2001–2011. Food deserts in rural areas are identified by two accessibility measures. The results show the development of food retailing in the Slovak countryside and in potentially threatened localities which can be defined as food deserts.

scholarly journals Financial Prudence through Financial Education: A Conceptual Framework for Financial Inclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-166
Author(s):  
Laily Dwi Arsyianti Laily Dwi Arsyianti
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Financial Behaviors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Low Income Households

This paper aims to develop a framework to improve financial prudence through financial education and financial inclusion for low-income households in Indonesia. Knowledge shapes attitude, which later influences behavior. A household, in terms of its social production function, needs to feel secure financially in order not to fall into insolvency or bankruptcy. Households that are equipped with better financial education and knowledge are more likely to undertake recommended financial behaviors. By targeting the low-income group through a financial inclusion agenda, the government, Islamic social finance practitioners, and academicians enable low-income households to act with financial prudence.

DISPARITIES IN MODERN CONTRACEPTION USE AMONG WOMEN IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF PROVINCIAL VARIATIONS BASED ON HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
NGIANGA-BAKWIN KANDALA ◽  
FELLY KINZIUNGA LUKUMU ◽  
JOCELYN NZINUNU MANTEMPA ◽  
JOSEPH DESIRE KANDALA ◽  
TOBIAS CHIRWA
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Modern Contraception ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Province Level ◽  
Low Income Households

SummaryThis study investigates inequalities at the province level of the use of modern contraception and the proportion of short birth intervals among women in the DRC using data from the 2007 Demographic and Health Survey. Logistic regression and Bayesian geo-additive models were used. The posterior odds ratio and the associated 95% credible interval (95% CI) were estimated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. Posterior spatial effects were mapped at the province level with the associated posterior probability maps showing statistical significance at 5%. The overall rates of modern contraception use among the entire sample of women (15–49 years old; N=7172) and youth (15–24 years old; N=1389) were 5.7% and 6.0% respectively. However, there was striking variation in contraceptive use between the two groups across provinces with a clear east-to-west gradient. The highest use in the total sample was in Nord-Kivu (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.12, 1.55) and Bas Congo provinces (1.47; 1.22, 1.78). For the youth, the highest use was observed in Nord-Kivu (1.19; 0.92, 1.65). In multivariate Bayesian geo-additive regression analyses among the entire sample of women, factors consistently associated with lower use of modern contraception were living in rural areas (0.71; 0.62, 0.82), living in low-income households (0.67; 0.54, 0.80) and having no education (0.83; 0.67, 0.97). For the youth sample, living in low-income households (0.57; 0.41, 0.84) and no breast-feeding (0.64; 0.47, 0.86) were consistently associated with a lower use of modern contraception. The study shows a distinct geographic pattern in the use of modern contraception in youth and the entire sample of women in the DRC, suggesting a potential role for socioeconomic factors, such as accessibility, affordability and availability, as well as environmental factors at the province level beyond individual-level risk factors.

Tuberculosis treatment outcome in a rural area of Senegal: a decade of experience from 2010 to 2019 by StopTB Italia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niccolò Riccardi ◽  
Simone Villa ◽  
Andrea Giacomelli ◽  
Mama M Diaw ◽  
Mamoud Ndiaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) unevenly affects individuals across the globe, especially in rural areas of low-income countries. Aim of the study was to assess the impact of social protection to increase TB awareness on treatment outcomes among TB patients in a rural area of Senegal. Materials & methods: The study, conducted in Fimela district (Senegal) from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2019 and the intervention started from 31 January 2013, includes activities to increase awareness, active case finding, active follow-up and social protection. Results: Overall, 435 subjects – mainly male and young – were included in the analysis. Among TB cases, 94% had pulmonary involvement, 87% had no previous TB history, and 6% resulted positive HIV. Improved outcome was observed once intervention began (from 71 to 91%, p < 0.001); whereas mortality decreased (from 15 to 5%; p < 0.001), especially for those HIV co-infected for whom TB mortality rate dropped from 70 to 29%. Conclusion: After beginning the cooperation program, TB treatment success increased as a result of the decline of mortality, especially in people living with HIV.

scholarly journals Quality of life in adults from a rural area in Southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 4s ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Cardozo Bortolotto ◽  
Christian Loret de Mola ◽  
Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Lower Education

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the quality of life and its determinants in a population living in a rural area. METHODS: This is a population-based, cross-sectional study with individuals aged 18 years or over from the rural area of Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We evaluated quality of life using the WHOQOL-BREF, which has four domains (physical, psychological, social relations, and environment) and two questions: overall quality of life and satisfaction with health. We considered as independent variables the demographic, socioeconomic, and health variables. We evaluated the associations using linear regression in the four domains and ordinal logistic regression in the two general questions on quality of life and satisfaction with health. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 1,479 individuals. The prevalence of the perception of overall very poor quality of life and dissatisfaction with health were 22.5% and 26.3%, respectively. Individuals who were older (p < 0.001), non-white (p = 0.004), with lower education level (p < 0.001), poorer (p = 0.001), and who had always lived in the rural area (p = 0.049) were less likely to have a better perception of overall quality of life. As for satisfaction with health, women (p = 0.001), older individuals (p = 0.001), those unemployed (p = 0.023), and those with diseases were less likely to report higher satisfaction with health. For the four domains evaluated, the results were consistent with those observed for the general questions. CONCLUSIONS: The most relevant aspects that negatively defined the quality of life of the population were being a woman, older, non-white, having a low income, having a lower education level, having always lived in the rural area, being unemployed, and having a disease. Given that they are significant factors as determinants of health, these results suggest that quality of life is an issue that should be placed among health needs, especially regarding the most vulnerable groups in rural areas.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Contraceptives Use among Female Migrants in Ghanaian Cities, A case of Kayeyei in the Kumasi Metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-138
Author(s):  
Cynthia Avoada ◽  
Dorigen Ansomaa Asumadu ◽  
Bismark Affreh Junior ◽  
Moses Ackah Anlimachie
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Female Migrants

Historically, women in Africa have long been known to transport agricultural produce, firewood, and pots of water by way of the head for domestic use. This culture has been transformed into feminised unskilled labour termed Kayayei in Ghanaian cities as a fallout from poor education outcomes and its attendant lack of sustainable jobs in the rural areas. Kayayei is used in Ghana to refer to young female migrants between the ages of 8-35 years from the poverty endemic areas of northern Ghana engaging in head porterage business in the cities as a means of survival. The increasing incidence of kayaye and its attendant social, health and economic problems have attracted media and research commentary in Ghana in recent times. This study investigates contraceptive use among kayayei in the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana to inform strategies to improve the reproductive health of the low-income group. The study uses a mixed-method design. A structured survey questionnaire was administered to 121 kayayei. Further, 44 participants were selected from the 121 kayeyei to participate in focus group discussions (FGD). These were complemented with individual interviews of a pharmacist, a chemist shop attendants, and a drug peddler [unlicensed medicine walker]. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the quantitative data from the survey questionnaire, while descriptive coding was used to analyse the qualitative data from FGDs, interviews and field observation. The findings revealed that male partners’ approval was the major determinant of contraceptive use among the participating migrant female head porters. Some 90% of women who were less likely to use contraceptives are those who never discuss or get approval from their partners. Oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices (IUD) and condoms were the most used contraceptive among the kayayei. Participants’ choice of contraceptives was influenced by affordability, accessibility and their perceptions about contraceptive security. The study also identified that side effects from the use of contraceptives, including inconveniences on menstruation, weight gain, and weight loss, were a set of factors that demotivate contraceptives use among the research participants. The study also identified that, although culture has a significant influence on contraceptive use in Africa generally, in the case of migrant young women who have escaped from the cultural scrutiny of their home communities, their sexual partners, rather than culture, have a significant influence on their contraceptives use. The study, therefore, recommends an aggressive public education campaign on contraceptives use targeting both kayayei and their sexual partners in Ghanaian cities, while family planning services are accessible and affordable to this low-income group.

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