scholarly journals Summary Report of the Round Table on Problems of Professional Translation in the Arab/Muslim World and the Contribution of Technology

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-109
Author(s):  
Samia Berrada
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Arab World ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Arab Country ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
The Status

Under the sponsorship of the International Federation of Translators (FIT) and the U.N. Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), a Round Table on the Problems of Professional Translation in the Arab World and the Contribution of Technology was held from June 1 to 3, 1989 at the King Fahd Advanced School for Translation in Tangier, Morocco. This was a successful meeting both because of the number and the quality of participants, all of whom were professionals and specialists in translation, terminologists and machine translation researchers from European and Arab countries. It was a unique occurrence of its kind, as President of FIT Mme Anna Lilova pointed out in the opening session, because it is the first time that the Federation has organized such a meeting in an Arab country. Presentations dealt with three main topics, a day being devoted to each: (1) the status of the translator in the Arab countries; (2) the translator and MAT (machine­assisted translation); and (3) terminology work in the Arab countries.In Arab countries translation is a tradition going back to the Abbasids, but even today it still does not have specific guidelines. Mr. Amid from UNESCO stressed the need for legislation, with the help of translation institutions, which would protect the rights of the translator. Mr. Rene Haeseryn, Secretary-General of FIT, in his presentation on "The FIT and its Main Role in the World Translation Movement;' pointed out the humanist goals of the Federation and its role in the protection of translators' rights. "We should protect the translators' rights, but also prepare him for the main choices of the future" was the primary concern which emerged from these working meetings. "Translation is a profession which presupposes training according to a well-thought out methodology" was the theme of various comtributions from the floor. Therefore, we should develop appropriate training suited to the needs and harmonize it in the various Arab countries. Also,· thanks to new technology, the profession of translation is now seeing its image change. The presentation by Veronica Lawson (FIT) of various systems (machine translation with or without human assistance) enabled us to gauge the progress made. But is the translator of Arabic ready to take up the challenge of machine translation? ...

The Status of Franchising Laws in the Arab Region: Traditional Rules and New Legislative Enactments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Mohammed Y. Mattar
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Arab Country ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
The Status

Abstract There has been a vast and rapid growth in the franchising business in the countries of the Middle East. The purpose of this article is to examine the status of franchising laws in the Arab World with particular focus on the commercial relationship between a franchisor and a franchisee. Most Arab countries rely on the traditional commercial agency laws to regulate the franchising business. These are designed to protect the interest of the national franchisee. Saudi Arabia is the first Arab country to adopt a comprehensive and independent law in the Arab region, while other countries rely on a code of conduct, an application of the distribution trade law or the implementation of the general rule of commercial agency. Saudi Arabia provides a detailed account of the franchising business, its establishment and its operation in an attempt to balance the interest of both, the franchisor and the franchisee.

scholarly journals MOOCS As A Method Of Distance Education In The Arab World – A Review Paper

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raniah Samir Adham ◽  
Karsten Oster Lundqvist
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Massive Open Online Courses ◽  
Massive Open Online ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Developed World

Abstract Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in the Arab World are still in their infancy. Many Arab countries are now starting to launch their MOOC platforms; however, there are only a few who have actually implemented such systems. This paper will explore online learning, in particular the rise of MOOCs around the world and their impact on the Arab World. The purpose of this paper is to give a true picture of the development of the first MOOC platforms in the Arab World. It will analyse in detail the concept, definitions, background, and types of MOOCs (xMOOCs and cMOOCs), as well as the main MOOCs platform in the Western and Arab worlds, and a timeline of the development of MOOCs. It will then observe the status of MOOCs in the developed world, opportunities in the Middle East, and the influence of Western MOOCs on the Arab world, from many perspectives, e.g. educational, religious, cultural and social.

Female labour participation and pay equity in Arab countries: commonalities and differences

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf M. Sidani ◽  
Tony Feghali
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Country ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Pay Equity ◽  
Problematic Situation ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Labour Participation

While there is a common belief that female labour indicators in Arab countries demonstrate a problematic situation, little is understood about the varieties within countries in that region. This paper attempts to draw a segmentation of the Arab world to show how different countries differ in this regard. It looks at two specific measures: the level of female participation as a percentage of male participation (FPM), and the female earned income to male income (FIM). Statistics from 20 Arab countries generated four clusters in which those countries are classified. Female labour indicators in most countries in the Arab world show similar patterns found in other countries in their stage of development. This confirms earlier research that indicates that women's labour participation decreases as societies move away from agriculture into manufacturing, services and industry. Only four countries are identified as outliers whose labour indicators can be understood within the context of the cultural values that dominate. The implications are discussed and individual research on female labour within each Arab country is invited.

Crisis in Arab World: Economic and Social Aspects

2011 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
V. Mel'yantsev
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
World Economic

The article considers macroeconomic and social factors of the upsurge of socio-political instability in the Arab world. The Arab countries are compared with other states in the Arab-Muslim world, as well as with the economically fast-growing economies of East and South Asia. It is concluded that Arab countries loosely fit into the promising growth model of the XX century and they are in need of profound reforms.

scholarly journals The Life Experiences of Twenty-One Women who Challenged Disability

1970 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Jahda Abou Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Living History ◽  
Disabled Women ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women With Disability ◽  
Actual Life

Studies related to disability in the Arab world are still limited and studies concerned with the status of disabled women are nearly non-existent. In order to fill the void I have conducted research work covering the experiences of 21 women with disability in seven Arab countries. By analyzing the living history of these women the study aims at deciphering the actual life conditions of women with disability in the Arab world. The objective is to highlight the areas of oppression and opportunities available to disabled Arab women in comparison with women with disability worldwide.

scholarly journals The universality of Arabic and the pedagogies of Arab countries: عالمية العربية وبيداغوجيات الدول العربية

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (15) ◽  
pp. 129-120
Author(s):  
Rania Ahmed Rashid Shaheen Rania Ahmed Rashid Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Arab World ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
International Policies ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method

The research “The Arab world and its pedagogies” dealt with two tracks, the first track: Arabic between Semitic and the components of global languages, and the second track: pedagogies specific to strengthening the status of the Arabic language, using the descriptive method, and it stemmed from several questions raised by the virtual reader about the reasons for including the Arabic language within International and Semitic languages, and the relationship between the terms (global- international- official), and the most important components of the Arabic language that made it among the international languages. Language and international policies that serve the Arabic language.

scholarly journals Survey Research in the Arab World: Challenges and Opportunities

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (03) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay J. Benstead
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Country ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
National Data ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Cross National

ABSTRACTSurvey research has expanded in the Arab world since the 1980s. The Arab Spring marked a watershed when surveying became possible in Tunisia and Libya, and researchers added additional questions needed to answer theoretical and policy questions. Almost every Arab country now is included in the Arab Barometer or World Values Survey. Yet, some scholars express the view that the Arab survey context is more challenging than that of other regions or that respondents will not answer honestly, due to authoritarianism. I argue that this position reflects biases that assume “Arab exceptionalism” more than fair and objective assessments of data quality. Based on cross-national data analysis, I found evidence of systematically missing data in all regions and political regimes globally. These challenges and the increasing openness of some Arab countries to survey research should spur studies on the data-collection process in the Middle East and beyond.

Part Two Seventy Years of Exile Palestinian Refugees Around the World, IV The Status of Palestinian Refugees in the Middle East and North Africa: Unpacking an Unsettling Solidarity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albanese Francesca P ◽  
Takkenberg Lex
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Palestinian Refugees ◽  
The Status

This chapter looks at the history, status, and treatment of Palestinian refugees in the Arab world. Arab countries have generally supported Palestinians, including refugees, in the name of Arab brotherhood and solidarity, but at times also despised them, as a result of political factors and interests. In general, they have been granted varying status and treatment, often within the same country, depending on a variety of factors, including: time of arrival and predominant political climate toward them; their socio-economic status and family, political, or religious affiliation; shifting attitudes toward the Palestinian leadership. The citizenship that Jordan granted to most 1948 Palestinian refugees, has proven carrying inequality. In Lebanon, Palestinian arrivals, largely Sunni Muslims, were perceived as a threat to the delicate balance between different religious groups and the related political status quo; discrimination has been the daily reality for three generations of Palestinians. In Iraq and Syria, Palestinian refugees were well treated until the wars of 2003 and 2011, respectively. In Egypt political shifts have dramatically marked the fate the Palestinians in the country. While welcoming Palestinians as an extraordinary work-force in the 1950s and through the 1970s, Arab rulers – from North Africa to the Arabian Peninsula – also perceived their unwavering Palestinian identity and the political message it encompassed as a possible destabilizing factor for their regimes. Vindictive policies, often aiming at targeting the PLO, have made Palestinians in the region vulnerable to abuses and further displacement. About 700,000 Palestinians, mostly children and grandchildren of the 1948 refugees, have been cumulatively displaced from Arab countries from the 1970s onward.

Promoting reading in the Arab world: The book club model

IFLA Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-280
Author(s):  
Youmen Chaaban ◽  
Rania Sawalhi
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Book Club ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Book Clubs ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Despite their proliferation in many parts of the world, book clubs have received little attention from academic researchers. This study seeks to understand the status of book clubs particularly in the Arab world. An in-depth illustration of the status of Arab book clubs was provided by 18 moderators from six Arab countries. The findings indicated that Arab book clubs operate in several distinctive ways; ranging from formal, highly structured meetings, to informal, friendly gatherings. The findings also revealed the motivations for establishing the book clubs in the Arab world. In this respect, participants set high expectations for personal growth, interpersonal relationships, and social responsibility. However, Arab books clubs faced several challenges as perceived by the participants in this study. Several suggestions were made for the sustainability of Arab book clubs. The implications of the findings for librarians, educators, and the general public are also emphasized to create momentum for their continuity.

scholarly journals Current State of Salmonella, Campylobacter and Listeria in the Food Chain across the Arab Countries: A Descriptive Review

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2369
Author(s):  
Ihab Habib ◽  
Mohamed-Yousif Ibrahim Mohamed ◽  
Mushtaq Khan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
The Status ◽  
Literature Evidence

Foodborne infections caused by bacterial pathogens are a common cause of human illness in the Middle East, with a substantial burden of economic loss and public health consequences. This review aims at elucidating recent literature on the prevalence of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Campylobacter and Listeria monocytogens in the food chain in the Arab countries, and to consolidate available evidence on the public health burden and the status of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among the concerned three pathogens. The reviewed evidence points to a scarcity of understanding of the magnitude of NTS in the food chain in the Arab countries. Additionally, not much work has been done at the molecular characterization level to address the source-attribution of NTS in the Arab World. Very few surveys have been done on Campylobacter in the food chain in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. There is a gap in quantitative (counts/numbers) surveillance efforts for Campylobacter in the chicken meat supply across all Arab countries, despite the availability of some qualitative (presence/absence) surveillance data. While there are several reports on L. monocytogenes in animal-sourced foods, notably in North African Arab countries, fewer are published on L. monocytogenes in plant-sourced foods. Information on the L. monocytogenes serotypes and strain diversity circulating in the Arab region is widely lacking. Antibiotic resistance in the three pathogens is not fully understood across the Arab region, despite some reports indicating varying trends at the human–food interface. The literature evidence presented in this review stresses that Salmonella, Campylobacter and L. monocytogenes continue to challenge food safety and public health in the Arab countries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document