scholarly journals COMMISSION OF A CRIME IN A STATE OF INTOXICATION AS AN AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCE

Author(s):  
G.A. Reshetnikova

The article deals with the understanding, assessment criteria and accounting for the commission of a crime in a state of intoxication as an aggravating circumstance in the science of criminal law and in judicial practice. Application of Part 1.1 of Art. 63 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in practice shows that the difficulties faced by the court (judge) and the authors dealing with this problem are due to the imperfection of this norm, a different idea of the internal legal nature of the circumstance in question, therefore, a different content of its legal and criminological grounds. The main question that they are trying to solve is whether the state of intoxication contributed to the commission of a crime, while the state of intoxication as a circumstance aggravating punishment must be assessed in conjunction with the consequences of the committed criminal act.

Author(s):  
М.Ф. Гареев

В статье рассматривается и обосновывается необходимость возобновления в уголовном праве института конфискации имущества в качестве уголовного наказания. Необходимость его возобновления обусловлена наличием ряда преступных деяний, представляющих угрозу обществу, государству, национальной безопасности Российской Федерации. В настоящее время законодательная регламентация конфискации имущества в качестве иной меры уголовноправового характера, вызванная неопределенностью его сущности, целевых установок и механизма назначения, не выполняет предупредительную задачу, установленную уголовным законодательством. The article discusses and substantiates the need to renew the institution of confiscation of property in criminal law as a criminal punishment. The need to resume it is due to the presence of a number of criminal acts that pose a threat to society, the state, and the national security of the Russian Federation. Currently, the legislative regulation of the confiscation of property as another measure of a criminal-legal nature, caused by the uncertainty of its essence, targets and the mechanism of appointment, does not fulfill the preventive task established by the criminal legislation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
E. V. Peysikova ◽  
◽  
Yu. I. Antonov ◽  

The article is devoted to the analysis of judicial practice in cases of the thefts provided by item «g» of part 3 of article 158 and articles 1593 and 1596 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The article notes the challenges in applying these rules in practice; demonstrates their restrictive features with regards to the doctrine of Criminal law. The article is written for the purpose of uniform application of these norms in practice after entry into force of the Federal Law of 23 April 2018, № 111-FZ.


Author(s):  
Sergey A. Markuntsov

The relevance of the research of decriminalization of criminal acts in Russia is due to both the lack of current adequate coverage of this issue even in some specialized studies of fundamental nature and the need to obtain a comprehensive understanding of decriminalization in Russia in the context of the trend of its modern criminal law policy humanization. The aim of the article is to study the processes of decriminalization of criminal acts in Russia through assessing the state of modern criminal law discourse on the problem specified. The research concludes the secondary, derivative nature of the analyzed decriminalization issues in most modern studies, the actual scale of full decriminalization of criminal acts in Russia, which aims for arithmetic error against the background of current decriminalization processes (for the entire period of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation only 4 criminal acts were fully decriminalized)


Author(s):  
E.R. Gafurova

This article examines the features of the Russian criminal law norm that provides for liability for the murder of a newborn child by a mother. We analyzed the data of the Judicial Department on the statistics of convicts for 2016 and 2019 under Article 106 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in relation to the indicators of other privileged elements of murder, indicating the latency of this type of crime. The article also examines some features of the legislative structure of Article 106 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, accompanied by examples of judicial practice. The article examines the criminal law norms providing for responsibility for infanticide, the legislation of Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Holland and Denmark, and highlights the distinctive features of Article 106 of the Russian criminal legislation. The article presents proposals for possible improvement of the norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on responsibility for the murder of a newborn child by a mother, confirmed by the indicators of a sociological study.


Author(s):  
Vladimir Tunin ◽  
Natal'ya Radoshnova

The article considers the practical effectiveness of the criminal law prohibition in combating economic crime in the Russian Federation. 22nd Chapter of the Criminal code currently includes 58 articles. This is maximum number of articles in relation to other chapters of the criminal code, in the same Chapter of the Criminal code. Accordingly the need for such a number of prohibitions in the economic sphere should be confirmed by judicial practice. However, a completely different picture emerges. Based on the analysis of the statistical reports of the Judicial Department under the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the authors conclude that the enforcement practice in cases of economic crimes is insufficient.The authors express their opinion on the reasons for the ineffectiveness of the practical application of the articles constituting the 22nd Chapter of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation, and suggest ways to address them.


Author(s):  
Nikolay Letelkin ◽  
Dmitry Neganov

The article examines the situationality of modern lawmaking in the field of criminal law in the context of the adoption of the federal law of 1.04.2020 No. 100-FZ «On Amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Articles 31 and 151 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation», adopted by the State The Duma of the Russian Federation in connection with the pandemics of the Corona Virus Disеаsе 2019 (COVID-19).


Author(s):  
Alexander Smirnov

The author presents his views on the definition of the concept of «crime» in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation because this concept is of primary importance to the whole structure of criminal law and the practice of crime counteraction. He provides a consistent analysis of the socio-legal nature and the feasibility of each constituent element included in the definition of crime: 1) action; 2) public danger; 3) guilt; 4) unlawfulness (criminal); 5) threat of punishability. When defining the concept of «crime», the author starts from the premise that, according to the methodology of formulating fundamental law concepts, their definitions should include only the most important, constant and universal characteristics (attributes) that are not disputable and that support the ontological essence of the concept and never, under any circumstances, refute it. The author concludes that the action and its prohibition in the criminal law are independent and constant elements of crime. Guilt and threat are not always such elements. The indication of guilt is included in the necessity of establishing the constituent elements of a crime to prosecute a person. Public danger, according to contemporary research, is an element of all offenses, besides, it is inherent to criminal unlawfulness. That is why the definition of the formal concept of «crime» should be presented as following: «A crime is an action prohibited in the present Code». This definition, according to the author, fully corresponds to the language of law, is laconic and substantial, excludes contradictory interpretations and fully agrees with the principle of inevitability of criminal punishment, which is of great importance for the effective implementation of criminal law measures of crime counteraction.


Author(s):  
Andrei Nikulenko ◽  
Maksim Smirnov

The article is devoted to the necessary defense as a circumstance that precludes the criminality of an act in the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. The significance and importance of the existence of this norm is proclaimed both in the criminal law and in the Basic law of the state – the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The existence of a rule on necessary defense in the state emphasizes the development of its legal system, allowing citizens to defend their own interests and protect the interests of others, in ways not prohibited by law, thereby preventing exceeding the limits of necessary defense. A number of issues related to the application of the norms provided for in article 37 of the Criminal code of Russia, as well as the norms of the Special part of the Criminal code of Russia, which provide for liability for crimes committed when exceeding the limits of necessary defense, were raised. The study of the relevant norms makes it possible to identify the advantages and disadvantages of legal regulation of circumstances that exclude the criminality of an act, including the shortcomings of judicial and investigative practice. The author criticizes the existing approach and suggests ways to resolve these problems, including by correcting the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated September 27, 2012, № 19 «About application by courts of legislation on necessary defense and causing harm when detaining a person who has committed a crime». Because of the ambiguous and often inconsistent application of norms of the criminal legislation on necessary defense, the authors give the recommendations (in further reconstruction of the relevant provisions of article 37 of the Criminal Code) to use an enumeration approach of presenting the legal formulation of these rules that allow the defender to cause any harm to an attacker. At the same time, it creates the most understandable, for citizens, formulation of the norm that allows lawfully causing harm to public relations protected by criminal law.


Author(s):  
Nikolay Ryzhenkov

Raiding, along with corruption, has long been one of the most pressing problems for domestic business. For incomprehensible reasons, in contrast to the corruption crimes, which received due attention from the legislator and legal scholars, crimes committed in the stock market, after their reckless introduction, have been deprived of attention for almost a decade. At the same time, the most dangerous methods of raider seizures currently do not fall under criminal law prohibitions at all, and the existing prohibitions, in turn, have such a low legal potential that leaving this problem without atten-tion raises serious concerns. We consider the design and application of Article 185.4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation – Obstruction or illegal restriction of the rights of securities holders, intended to become the “flagship” of anti-raiding legislation. Through a systematic analysis of the prescriptions of the criminal law and a few judicial practice, we identify the low quality of criminal law prohibitions included in Article 185.4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, we establish and substantiate the impossibility of causing damage in the required amount, we prove the lack of practical need for the relevant norm, we formulate a proposal for its exclusion from the text of the criminal law in full.


Author(s):  
Андрей Владимирович Кулаков ◽  
Александра Юрьевна Болотина

Статья посвящена исследованию природы соучастия в преступлении как самостоятельного института уголовного права. Признавая институт соучастия одним из дискуссионных в уголовно-правовой доктрине, авторы отмечают, что в настоящее время спорным является вопрос о юридической природе соучастия, решение которого имеет не только теоретическое, но и практическое значение, заключающееся в обосновании ответственности соучастников преступления при вынесении судебного приговора. Правовая природа соучастия в преступлении проявляется в том, что данный институт определяется нормами уголовного права и тем самым представляет собой особое уголовно-правовое явление, характеризующееся рядом существенных признаков. Основная функция института соучастия как уголовно-правового института заключается в обосновании уголовной ответственности лиц, оказывающих содействие в совершении преступлении. В настоящее время в доктрине выработано две теории, обосновывающие правовую природу соучастия в преступлении: акцессорная теория и теория самостоятельной, независимой от других соучастников ответственности. Проведенный в статье анализ научных концепций и мнений позволяет утверждать, что в настоящее время соучастие в преступлении представляет собой самостоятельный институт уголовного права, закрепленный в нормах Общей и Особенной частей УК РФ, имеющий многоаспектный характер, выражающийся в зависимости от обстоятельств совершения деяния и преступного результата в одних случаях в акцессорной природе ответственности соучастников преступления, в других - в самостоятельной ответственности соучастников преступления. Именно при сочетании акцессорности и индивидуализации ответственности лиц, совершивших преступление, возможна всесторонняя и полная оценка правонарушающего поведения субъектов, а также назначение справедливого наказания. The article is devoted to the study of the nature of complicity in a crime as an independent institution of criminal law. Recognizing the institution of complicity as one of the controversial ones in the criminal law doctrine, the authors note that at present the issue of the legal nature of complicity is controversial, the solution of which has not only theoretical but also practical significance, consisting in justifying the responsibility of accomplices in a crime when passing a court sentence. The legal nature of complicity in a crime is manifested in the fact that this institution is determined by the norms of criminal law and thus represents a special criminal law phenomenon characterized by a number of essential features. The main function of the institute of complicity as a criminal law institution is to substantiate the criminal liability of persons assisting in the commission of a crime. Currently, two theories have been developed in the doctrine that substantiate the legal nature of complicity in a crime: the accessory theory and the theory of independent responsibility, independent of other accomplices. The analysis of scientific concepts and opinions carried out in the article allows us to assert that at present complicity in a crime is an independent institution of criminal law, enshrined in the norms of the General and Special parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, having a multidimensional character, expressed depending on the circumstances of the act and the criminal result in some cases in the accessory nature of the responsibility of the accomplices of the crime, in others - in the independent responsibility of the accomplices of the crime. It is with the combination of accessory and individualization of responsibility of persons who have committed a crime that a comprehensive and complete assessment of the offending behavior of subjects is possible, as well as the appointment of a fair punishment.


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