scholarly journals Country Brand-Strength Index for G7 Countries and Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Kübra Ulutaş
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Ahp Method ◽  
G7 Countries ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Brand Strength ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Country Brand

Even though, in the past, competition depended on the factors of production possessed, today it depends on the production of value-added goods, their export, and finally, branding of the country today. Since the late 1990s, the brand value of countries has been an important concept that has been studied. Current academic literature is deprived of weighting sub dimensions of country brand strength index and compare index values by years. Having an import-ant role in academic literature, Fetscherin (2010) identified five dimensions of the country brand strength index as export, tourism, foreign direct investment, migration and governance, but not giving any weighting to sub dimensions. In order to contribute to current country brand index literature, sub-dimensions of the index are weighted with the help of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, comparing 2010 and 2015. Therefore, the innovation of this paper is its weighting method and the comparison of index values by years. The Country Brand Strength Index (CBSI) is calculated for G7 countries and Turkey using the survey based AHP method, consisting of 5 different indi-cators: exports, foreign direct investments, tourism, immigration, and governance. According to the results, it is deter-mined that “exports” has the most important weight among those indicators with Canada leading the group with the best index value in 2010 and 2015. The aim of this study, which was conducted with limited resources, is to shed light on studies to be carried out in the future in order to establish a strong country brand and increase country competi-tiveness in the international markets. In this respect, repetition of this research as regards to geographical and regional variations and performing qualitative and quantitative studies, incorporating different dimensions in the index such as culture, science and technology, will strengthen the academic literature in this field.

Toward more rigorous country brand assessments: the modified country brand strength index

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-344
Author(s):  
Abdelmounaim Lahrech ◽  
Katariina Juusola ◽  
Mohamed Eisa AlAnsaari
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Brand Strength ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Brand ◽  
Nation Brands

PurposeThis study focuses on country branding indices. The main purpose of this study is to build an objective country brand strength index using secondary data. The new index, the Modified Country Brand Strength Index (MCBSI), builds on Fetscherin's (2010) Country Brand Strength Index (CBSI) but uses more rigorous methods and design to create a complementary index to be used together with the survey-based Anholt–GfK Nation Brands Index (NBI). The MCBSI also utilized human development, which is an important dimension of country brands not captured by CBSI.Design/methodology/approachThe MCBSI addresses three significant limitations of the CBSI by using an alternative methodology in constructing the index: specifically, it uses weights for the dimensions, longitudinal data, and relative values by dividing each factor by its cross-country maximum.FindingsOur index ranks 131 countries based on the strength of their country brand. A stronger correlation was found between the MCBSI and NBI than between the CBSI and NBI.Practical implicationsOur contribution has strong implications for both policymakers and academic researchers as it provides a tool for assessing the strength of country brands through accurate but less costly data compared to primary data collected by consultancies for country brand strength indices. The MCBSI informs country brand managers regarding how well their country brand performs across a range of critical dimensions, including export, tourism, foreign direct investments, immigration, government environment and human development.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the emerging academic literature on country brand indices. Currently, there is a lack of objective measurement instruments for assessing country brands. The MCBSI is designed for this purpose to complement the NBI by measuring country brands with objective secondary data. Viewed together, the NBI and our index overcome the obvious shortcomings inherent in each method by providing objective, factual data on country brand equity while providing insight into how people socially construct and evaluate nation brands.

scholarly journals Overcoming the capital investment hurdle in worker-controlled firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
Guy Major ◽  
Jonathan Preminger
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Employee Ownership ◽  
Workplace Democracy ◽  
Equity Investment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Worker Ownership ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Average Worker

Purpose Both the academic literature and practitioners have long noted the need for an equity investment mechanism for worker-controlled firms that alleviates investor anxieties without undermining internal workplace democracy. The purpose of this paper is to outline one such possible mechanism. Design/methodology/approach The proposal locks together the interests of workers and external investors, via non-voting shares with dividends set by a pre-agreed value-added sharing formula. Each worker is paid a base wage, with the average across the firm being a pre-defined multiple of the national minimum wage. Any additional surplus is split into a number of equal “slices”, with each share receiving one slice as its dividend, and the average worker receiving a pre-agreed number of slices as a bonus. Findings Workers have an incentive to maximise their own incomes, and in so doing, will also automatically maximise the dividends received by investors, obviating the need for the shares to have normal voting rights. Working on this principle of aligned interests, the authors also discuss reinvestment, worker ownership of non-voting shares and possibilities for a secondary share market. The authors show how this proposal will be a significant step in aligning the interests of investors with owner-workers in a democratic, negotiated way that shares both risk and returns, thus making worker-controlled firms more attractive to equity investment. Originality/value In light of the recognised problem of underinvestment in worker-controlled firms and the risk of their degeneration, this paper will interest both academics and practitioners in employee ownership, co-operatives and various forms of workplace democracy.

scholarly journals Enterprise ownership patterns in the least developed districts of Slovakia

Equilibrium ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-838
Author(s):  
Marek Csabay ◽  
Zuzana Vincúrová ◽  
Milan Stoch ◽  
Beáta Stehlíková
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Country Case Study ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Individual Ownership

Research background: The literature overview shows a blank space regarding the effects of ownership on the determination of enterprises' spatial distribution. Various papers identify differences between determinants of the spatial distribution of foreign direct investments, exporters in foreign ownership, and domestically owned exporters; however, they mostly agree on the role of big cities, economic centres, and state of infrastructure as well as historical patterns. Purpose of the article: The article focuses on the spatial distribution analysis of enterprise units from their owner's perspective on the empirical evidence from all 79 districts of the Slovak Republic. Special attention is given to the category of the least developed districts. Methods: Within the presented article, the authors investigate the characteristics of the regional spatial distribution of business entities concerning standard ownership categories using the cluster analysis. The presented approach is twofold: firstly, the authors investigate the share of individual ownership types on the district level, and secondly, the number of enterprises by ownership categories is adjusted to 100,000 inhabitants. Cluster analysis and methods of spatial statistics are applied in both approaches. Findings & value added: The main results show a relation between the district's inclusion into the group of the least developed districts and enterprise ownership characteristics in these districts mainly through the relative underrepresentation of the secluded inland, foreign and international types of ownership, as well as their geographical clustering. The results of the presented research can be used in policy-making targeting business activity in underdeveloped districts. At the same time, the results provide basis for limited theoretical generalisations based on a single-country case study with regard to principles of business ownership structures development.

scholarly journals Ranking the Knowledge Management Enablers Based on University Academic Members, Staff and Students Using AHP Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Jandaghi ◽  
Hamid Reza Irani ◽  
Ehssan Jandaghi ◽  
Zeinab Sadat Mousavi ◽  
Maryam Davoodavabi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Ahp Method ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Important Position

Knowledge management can play a vital role in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of organizations. The earnings from utilizing knowledge management has caused that most organizations try to execute this process. In this study, we aim to assess the ranking and weights of knowledge management enablers based on the academic members, staff and student in management schools of Qom province in Iran. The results showed that the organizational culture has the most important position while the organizational structure has the least important position in knowledge management in universities. Using a group AHP weighting method resulted in highest weight for organizational culture and lowest weight for organizational culture in developing knowledge management in educational organizations.

scholarly journals The Effects of FDI on Domestic Investments in Western Balkans

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 07059
Author(s):  
Bilal Sucubasi ◽  
Borce Trenovski ◽  
Berkan Imeri ◽  
Gunter Merdzan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Domestic Investments ◽  
Trade And Investment

Research background: In order to contribute to economic growth, inward foreign direct investments (FDI) need to meet certain economic and social criteria. Besides the contribution to the level of education, technological level, financial development, tax system, trade and investment policies, and market size, FDI should also encourage domestic investments (crowding in-effect). Purpose of the article: This paper examines the importance and effects of the inward and outward direct investments, gross savings as well as real growth on domestic investments in the case of Western Balkan countries (North Macedonia, Serbia, Albania, Kosovo, Montenegro, and Bosnia & Herzegovina). Thus, the logic behind this research is to determine whether and in which direction are aimed effects of FDI. Methods: The relation between FDI and domestic investments has been analyzed by employing panel data approach with and without constrains on cross-sections. The study is based on a panel data of six countries for the period between 2007-2018, (i.e., in total, we have 66 observations). Findings & Value added: The general conclusion from this analysis confirm that inward foreign direct investments in the Western Balkans, as well as real economic growth both significantly and positively affect the domestic investments.

SECONDARY PACKAGING SELECTION FOR CUBE CHILI WITH AHP METHOD, CONSUMER PREFERENCE LEVEL AND VALUE ADDED

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Febri Boyanda Sinaga ◽  
Kurnia Herlina Dewi ◽  
Evanila Silvia
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Ahp Method ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Selection Of

Cube chili has potential to be commercialized.   However, packaging of the product has not yet been prepared well for commercialized purpose. Therefore, it’s necessary to do a research about product packaging.  This research aims to obtain the best secondary packaging for cube chili, determine the level of consumer preference towards the packaging and get the information about the added value of packaged cube chilli. Selection of the best secondary packaging for cube chili according assessment from 5 experts with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, distributing hedonic test questionnaires to 25 customers for the selection of the preferred packaging, analyzed with Kruskal Wallis method and determination of the added value packaging with Hayami method. Secondary packagings that have been used are  plastic box polistirene (PS) with thickness of 0.167 mm, folding box carton (FC) with thickness of 0.5 mm and  plastic box polistirene (PS) with thickness of 1 mm. Result of this research  showed that the best secondary packaging  according to expert assessment is PS box 1 mm (0,468).  The packaging of cube chili that most preferred by consumers is FC-box 0.5 mm (4,44). The highest added value is owned by the cube chili that packed with PS boxes 0.167 mm (51.89%)

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS AND MANUFACTURING SECTOR PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA, (1970-2009)

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Adejumo Akintoye Victor
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Sector Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The study examined the relationship between foreign direct investment and the value added to the manufacturing industry in Nigeria, between the period 1970 and 2009. In view of the development and industrialising desires of Nigeria, as well as the foreign aid received in form of private investments, it is pertinent to examine the effect the presence of multinationals has had in shaping the Nigerian manufacturing industry. Using the autoregressive lag distribution technique to determine the relationship between foreign direct investment and manufacturing value added, it was discovered that in the long-run, foreign direct investments have had a negative effect on the manufacturing sub-sector in Nigeria.

What Do (and Don't) We Know about the Value Added Tax? A Review of Richard M. Bird and Pierre-Pascal Gendron's The VAT in Developing and Transitional Countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Keen
Keyword(s):  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Transitional Countries ◽  
Lower Income Countries

The VAT has taken the tax world by storm over the last fifty years, but left little trace in the academic literature. Bird and Gendron provide an impressively informed and informative account of the VAT experience in lower income countries, largely vindicating the tax and standard advice for its design. But they rightly stress too that dominant “expert opinion” on the VAT remains troublingly uninformed by serious analysis and evidence. This article focuses on some of these gaps and recent attempts to start filling them.

scholarly journals A Discussion on “Pythagorean fuzzy AHP based risk assessment methodology for hazardous material transportation: an application in Istanbul”

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Bhat ◽  
Akanksha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Ahp Method ◽  
Hazardous Material ◽  
Pairwise Comparison Matrix ◽  
Comparison Matrix ◽  
Hazardous Material Transportation ◽  
Material Transportation

Abstract Ayyildiz et al. (Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2021), 1-13) pointed out that it is important to identify and minimize the critical risks in the transportation of hazardous material. For the same, Ayyildiz et al. proposed an effective integrated decision-making methodology by combining the Modified Delphi Method (MDM) and Pythagorean fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (PF-AHP). In this integrated methodology, PF-AHP method is utilized to obtain weights of main and sub-risk factors in order to rank these factors. In Step 5 of PF-AHP method an interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy pairwise comparison matrix is transformed into a crisp matrix and then crisp AHP is applied to obtain the normalized weights from the transformed crisp matrix. It is quite evident that the crisp AHP is used only for crisp pairwise comparison matrix. However, after a deep study, it is observed that the transformed crisp matrix, obtained on applying the steps of Ayyildiz et al. methodology, violates the reciprocal propriety of pairwise comparison matrix. Therefore, to apply crisp AHP on the transformed crisp matrix is mathematically incorrect and will lead to problematic decision-making approach. Hence, may result in a heavy loss in any value-added model such as hazardous material transportation problems. Therefore, the Ayyildiz et al. methodology is not valid in its present form and cannot be used to find the solution of such type of real-life problem. Keeping the same in mind, the focus of this discussion is to make the researchers aware about these mathematical incorrect assumptions and the necessary modification is suggested.

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