IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE GEOFÁCIES DAS ÁREAS DE OCORRÊNCIA DO PSITACÍDEO BROTOGERIS CHIRIRI NA ÁREA CENTRAL DA ILHA DO MARANHÃO (MA) PELO MÉTODO DE AVISTAMENTO

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1049-1059
Author(s):  
Samanta Costa Silva Fraga ◽  
Thiago André Andrade da Silva ◽  
Luiz Jorge Bezerra da Silva Dias
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribución Geográfica

A pesquisa surge com o intuito de expandir e estimular o estudo sobre a avifauna brasileira, nesse caso em específico, a espécie Brotogeris chiriri. Objetivando entender os fatores que influenciam em sua distribuição na área de estudo, fez-se necessário mapear as áreas de maior ocorrência por avistamento e observar o seu comportamento. A pesquisa foi executada no ápice da estiagem na ilha do Maranhão, entre setembro e novembro de 2017, dividida entre embasamento bibliográfico e observações de campo, onde se utilizou de registro fotográfico para a caracterização dos hábitos e comportamentos da espécie. A espécie possui ampla distribuição geográfica, sua presença em áreas urbanas é cada vez mais comum reflexo da perda de habitats naturais. A altitude e a centralidade da área de estudo beneficiam a espécie, por protegê-la de ventos marítimos, e de maiores predadores. Foram observados alimentando-se apenas uma espécie de árvore (Ceiba pentandra) apesar de haver outras frutíferas, como as Mangíferas, mas são utilizadas apenas para refúgios em picos de temperatura. A Ceiba pentandra é de suma para a espécie, pois é utilizada para forrageio e nidificação. Indica-se um plano de manejo de recuperação florestal da área espécies nativas com ênfase na espécie Ceiba pentandra.Palavras-chave: Brotogeris chiriri; Biogeografia; Mapeamento. ABSTRACTThe research appears with the intention of to expand and to stimulate the study on the Brazilian birdlife, in that case in specific, the species Brotogeris chiriri. Aiming at to understand the factors that influence its distribution in the study area, it was done necessary to map the areas of larger occurrence by sighting and to observe its behavior. The research was executed in the apex of the drought in the island of Maranhao, between september and november of 2017, divided between bibliographical and field observations, where it was used of photographic registration for the characterization of the habits and behaviors of the species. The species possesses wide geographical distribution, its presence in urban areas is more and more common reflection of the loss of natural habitats. The altitude and centrality of the study area benefit the species by protecting it from maritime winds and from larger predators. Only one species of tree (Ceiba pentandra) was observed, although there are other fruit trees, such as mangroves, but they are used only for refuges in peaks of temperature. The Ceiba pentandra is of sum for the species, as it is used for foraging and nesting. A plan of handling of forest recovery of the area native species is indicated with emphasis in the species Ceiba pentandra.Key-words: Brotogeris chiriri; Biogeography; Mapping. RESUMEN La investigación se realiza para ampliar y estimular el estudio de la avifauna brasileña, en este caso específico, la especie Brotogeris chiriri. Para comprender los factores que influyen en su distribución en el área de estudio, fue necesario mapear las áreas de mayor ocurrencia al observar y observar su comportamiento. La investigación se llevó a cabo en la cúspide de la sequía en la isla de Maranhão, entre septiembre y noviembre de 2017, dividida entre la base bibliográfica y las observaciones de campo, donde se utilizó un registro fotográfico para caracterizar los hábitos y comportamientos de la especie. La especie tiene una amplia distribución geográfica, su presencia en áreas urbanas es un reflejo cada vez más común de la pérdida de hábitats naturales. La altitud y la centralidad del área de estudio benefician a la especie al protegerla de los vientos marinos y los depredadores más grandes. Se ha observado que alimentan solo una especie de árbol (Ceiba pentandra) aunque hay otras frutas, como Mangifera, pero se usan solo para refugios a temperaturas máximas. Ceiba pentandra es muy corta para la especie, ya que se usa para forrajear y anidar. Se indica un plan de manejo de recuperación forestal para el área de especies nativas con énfasis en las especies de Ceiba pentandra.Palabras-clave: Brotogeris chiriri; Biogeografía; Mapeo.

scholarly journals Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
European Mediterranean Region

Abstract Pteris vittata is a herbaceous fern native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World. It is mostly found in disturbed and urban areas, usually growing on limestone substrates, including buildings walls, pavement cracks and tombs. Although no details are available on its introduction to areas outside its native range, the dispersal of the species occurs naturally through air-borne spores or by its occasional use as an ornamental. It is reported as an urban weed in the European Mediterranean region and in Lucknow in India. In Azerbaijan it is categorized as a species that has the ability to self-sustain for a certain period of time, but not invading natural ecosystems. P. vittata is categorized in Florida, USA as an exotic species that has increased in abundance or frequency but has yet to alter natural plant communities. P. vittata is reported as invasive on Diego García Island, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Micronesia, Guam, Palau, USA (Florida and Hawaii), Cuba and Brazil. Although there are no data available on its effects on natural habitats or native species, it is still regarded as an invasive species due to the vast number of spores produced.

scholarly journals Characterization of Apricot pseudo-chlorotic leaf spot virus, A Novel Trichovirus Isolated from Stone Fruit Trees

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Liberti ◽  
A. Marais ◽  
L. Svanella-Dumas ◽  
M. J. Dulucq ◽  
D. Alioto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
Chlorotic Leaf ◽  
Reading Frames

A trichovirus closely related to Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) was detected in symptomatic apricot and Japanese plum from Italy. The Sus2 isolate of this agent cross-reacted with anti-ACLSV polyclonal reagents but was not detected by broad-specificity anti- ACLSV monoclonal antibodies. It had particles with typical trichovirus morphology but, contrary to ACLSV, was unable to infect Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor. The sequence of its genome (7,494 nucleotides [nt], missing only ≈30 to 40 nt of the 5′ terminal sequence) and the partial sequence of another isolate were determined. The new virus has a genomic organization similar to that of ACLSV, with three open reading frames coding for a replication-associated protein (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), a movement protein, and a capsid protein, respectively. However, it had only ≈65 to 67% nucleotide identity with sequenced isolates of ACLSV. The differences in serology, host range, genome sequence, and phylogenetic reconstructions for all viral proteins support the idea that this agent should be considered a new virus, for which the name Apricot pseudo-chlorotic leaf spot virus (APCLSV) is proposed. APCLSV shows substantial sequence variability and has been recovered from various Prunus sources coming from seven countries, an indication that it is likely to have a wide geographical distribution.

Non-native species in Canada’s boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Langor ◽  
Erin K. Cameron ◽  
Chris J.K. MacQuarrie ◽  
Alec McBeath ◽  
Alec McClay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Boreal Zone ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Management Measures

More than 1180 non-native species, mostly of Palaearctic origin, have been recorded from the boreal zone of Canada, with the highest diversity on the island of Newfoundland and in the southern boreal zone of Ontario and Quebec. The non-native biota of the boreal zone (and of Canada in general) is poorly known in terms of species composition and distribution. A large proportion of species are associated with disturbed anthropogenic habitats such as urban areas, agricultural landscapes, transportation and communication corridors, and industrial developments. Natural habitats in the boreal zone have a high degree of resistance to invasion compared with those of other Canadian zones, likely owing to harsh climates, low light levels, poor soil nutrient availability, low soil pH, low productivity, and dense covering of the ground by plants, especially bryophytes. Of the relatively few non-native species that have successfully colonized the boreal zone, many decline greatly in abundance after a few years, suggesting biotic resilience. To date the boreal zone has shown the least resistance and resilience to large vertebrates (moose and white-tailed deer) translocated to islands, diseases of vertebrates, and earthworms. In general, the ecological impacts of non-native species on the boreal zone have been poorly studied, and there are few examples where such impacts are evident. Likewise, there has been little attempt to quantify the economic impacts of non-native species in either the boreal zone or in Canada as a whole. In the few cases where management measures have been implemented for highly destructive non-native species, results have been somewhat successful, especially where classical biological control measures have been implemented against insects on trees. Chemical and mechanical management measures have had only limited success in localized situations. Management resources are most effectively applied to reducing the risk of introduction. The risk to the boreal zone posed by future new non-native species is increasing with the warming climate and the fast and direct transport of goods into the boreal zone from points of origin. Five recommendations are provided to address recognized gaps concerning non-native species.

Diversity of organisms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
The Common ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Diversity Of Life

The focus of this chapter is an examination of the diversity of living organisms found within urban environments, both inside and outside buildings. The discussion commences with prions and viruses before moving on to consider micro-organisms, plants, and animals. Prions and viruses cause disease in plants and animals, including humans. Micro-organisms are ubiquitous and are found in great numbers throughout urban environments. New technologies are providing new insights into their diversity. Plants may be found inside buildings as well as in gardens and other green spaces. The final sections of the chapter offer a discussion of the diversity of animals that live in urban areas for part or all of their life cycle. Examples of the diversity of life in urban environments are presented throughout, including native and non-native species, those that are benign and deadly, and the common and the rare.

scholarly journals Characterization of Two Ethephon-Induced IDA-Like Genes from Mango, and Elucidation of Their Involvement in Regulating Organ Abscission

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Avinash Chandra Rai ◽  
Eyal Halon ◽  
Hanita Zemach ◽  
Tali Zviran ◽  
Isaac Sisai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Cytosolic Ph ◽  
Early Increase ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Fruitlet Abscission

In mango (Mangifera indica L.), fruitlet abscission limits productivity. The INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) peptide acts as a key component controlling abscission events in Arabidopsis. IDA-like peptides may assume similar roles in fruit trees. In this study, we isolated two mango IDA-like encoding-genes, MiIDA1 and MiIDA2. We used mango fruitlet-bearing explants and fruitlet-bearing trees, in which fruitlets abscission was induced using ethephon. We monitored the expression profiles of the two MiIDA-like genes in control and treated fruitlet abscission zones (AZs). In both systems, qRT-PCR showed that, within 24 h, both MiIDA-like genes were induced by ethephon, and that changes in their expression profiles were associated with upregulation of different ethylene signaling-related and cell-wall modifying genes. Furthermore, ectopic expression of both genes in Arabidopsis promoted floral-organ abscission, and was accompanied by an early increase in the cytosolic pH of floral AZ cells—a phenomenon known to be linked with abscission, and by activation of cell separation in vestigial AZs. Finally, overexpression of both genes in an Atida mutant restored its abscission ability. Our results suggest roles for MiIDA1 and MiIDA2 in affecting mango fruitlet abscission. Based on our results, we propose new possible modes of action for IDA-like proteins in regulating organ abscission.

The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 4. Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Page ◽  
Ronald E. Wall ◽  
Stephen J. Darbyshire ◽  
Gerald A. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Heracleum Mantegazzianum

Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) is an invasive alien plant of management concern in southern Canada where it has escaped from horticulture and established and spread in natural, ruderal, and agricultural ecosystems. It poses a threat to natural ecosystems and human health, and is also a weed in agricultural and urban areas. It is a member of the Carrot family (Apiaceae) and is closely related to the native species Heracleum maximum Bartram (cow-parsnip). It is a monocarpic perennial, which generally flowers in its 3rd or 4th year. Large size, leaf shape, dark reddish pigments in patches on stems and petioles, and fruit characteristics readily distinguish H. mantegazzianum from other plants in Canada. It is increasingly common in riparian areas, floodplains, and forest edges in or near urban areas in southwestern British Columbia and southern Ontario. Based on herbarium specimens, H. mantegazzianum was first recorded in Ontario in 1949, British Columbia in 1964, Nova Scotia in 1980, Quebec in 1990, and New Brunswick in 2000. The development of dense stands of H. mantegazzianum can also reduce the richness of native plants. Contact with H. mantegazzianum can cause phytophotodermatitis, a serious skin inflammation caused by UV photo-activation of furanocoumarins present in the sap. Control methods include herbicide application, mechanical cutting, and animal grazing, but strategies to address seed dispersal and re-establishment from dormant seed must also be adopted. Widespread establishment in southern Canada suggests that eradication is unlikely. However, range expansion and rapid population growth can be prevented through strategic management including public education. Key words: Giant hogweed, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Apiaceae, HERMZ, invasive plant, weed biology, furanocoumarins

WILD PEAVINE SPECIES (LATHYRUS L.): CHARACTERIZATION OF ACCESSIONS IN TERMS OF PROTEIN CONTENT IN THEIR SEEDS AND GREEN BIOMASS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.O. BURLYAEVA ◽  
◽  
A.E. SOLOVEVA ◽  
E.A. SERGEEV ◽  
N.I. TOPILSKAYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Fodder Crops

The catalogue presents the results of the assessment of protein content in green biomass and seeds of 367 accessions from the VIR collection, representing 25 wild peavine species, during their introduction into Ukraine and into Leningrad and Tambov Provinces of Russia. Besides, it includes the data on the protein content in green biomass of 65 accessions, representing 12 wild peavine species, collected in their natural habitats in Russia and China. The catalogue is addressed to experts in fodder crops and grain legumes.

scholarly journals Morphological aspects of fruits, seeds, seedlings and in vivo and in vitro germination of species of the genus Cleome

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Carvalho de Castro ◽  
Claudia Simões-Gurgel ◽  
Ivan Gonçalves Ribeiro ◽  
Marsen Garcia Pinto Coelho ◽  
Norma Albarello
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Cleome Spinosa ◽  
The Tropics

The genus Cleome is widely distributed in drier areas of the tropics and subtropics. Cleome dendroides and C. rosea are Brazilian native species that occur mainly in Atlantic Forest and sandy coastal plains, respectively ecosystems negatively affected by human impacts. Cleome spinosa is frequently found in urban areas. Many Cleome species have been used in traditional medicine, as C. spinosa. In the present work, was investigated C. dendroides, C. rosea and C. spinosa germinative behavior under in vivo conditions, as well as was established suitable conditions to in vitro germination and seedling development. The in vivo germination was performed evaluating the influence of temperature, substrate and light. It was observed that only C. spinosa seeds presents physiological dormancy, which was overcome by using alternate temperatures. The substrate influenced significantly the germination of C. rosea and the seeds of C. dendroides showed the highest germination percentages in the different conditions evaluated. The post-seminal development stages under in vivo and in vitro conditions were defined. It was observed that the development was faster under in vitro than in vivo conditions. An effective methodology for in vitro germination, enabling the providing of material to experiment on plant tissue culture was established to C. dendroides and C. spinosa.

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