Determinants of Diversification in Relation to Farm Size and other Socio-economic Characteristics for Sustainable Hill Farming in Himachal Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 418-424
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Tobit Regression

Crop diversification is an important issue for agricultural development in the Himalayan region, where an abundant amount of natural resources are available. Diversification is a frequently used risk management strategy that involves participation in more than one activity. It has the advantage of mitigating diseases problem, weeds problem, insect-pest problems and price risk as well as fluctuations in output. The present investigation was an attempt to identify the empirical relationship within a static framework, between crop diversification and selected socio-economic variables and these relationships were sensitive to different diversification measures used. The study is based on primary data collected from the selected respondents with the help of multistage random sampling technique. The acreage and gross income diversification Index i.e., index of maximum proportion (0.45, 0.58), Herfindahl index (0.30, 0.42) and entropy index (0.64, 0.52) showed that farms were diversified. For determining the effect of different factors on diversification, a censored Tobit regression model was used. The results showed that distance from the market (Km), experience (years), cropping intensity, crop yield index, literacy rate, literacy index, farm size and dependency ratio the to family size was significantly affecting the diversification index. It is the present need to motivate the farmers to diversify farming through providing facilities such as price policy, proper market and disseminating market information at the appropriate time and providing low-cost agricultural technology, etc. in order to get benefited by diversifying the farm.

Analysis of arable crop farmers’ awareness to causes and effects of climate change in south western Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 614-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakirat Bolatito Ibrahim ◽  
Idris Akanbi Ayinde ◽  
Aisha Olushola Arowolo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Arable Crop

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the determinants of arable crop farmers’ awareness to causes and effects of climate change in south western Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – Using primary data, 150 arable crop farmers in Ogun State were selected through a multi stage sampling technique. Survey method was used to elicit information on farmers’ socioeconomic, production characteristics, and their level of awareness to causes and effects of climate change. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, environmental awareness index (EAI), and Tobit regression analysis. Findings – Most (81.08 percent) of the arable crop farmers were males with an average household size of eight persons, farming experience of 24 years and farm size of approximately 1 ha. The computed climate change EAI showed that only 47 percent of the respondents were aware of causes of climate change, while 68 percent were aware of its effects. Results further revealed that age, income from secondary occupation (p < 0.10), marital status, household size (p < 0.05), years of farming experience, frequency of extension contact, land size in hectare, and farm revenue (p < 0.01) were the determinants of respondents awareness to causes and effects of climate change. Practical implications – The study recommended among others that, awareness should be created among arable crop farmers on climate change causes and effects for appropriate mitigation actions to be taken for improved agricultural productivity. Originality/value – The study provided new empirical evidence on the awareness level of respondents to causes and effects of climate change on their production activities and livelihood in general. Implications for policy will be to provide a public education program that will target females, the poor, the illiterate, and the people in the economically active age group among others in order to create awareness and provide information and adequate knowledge on the causes and effects of climate change for proper mitigation and adaptation options.

scholarly journals Determinants of Adoption of New Agricultural Technologies by Cooperative Farmers in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Onuoha, Onyekachi Chibueze ◽  
Umebali, Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Institutional Factor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Frequency Of Contact

Globally, advanced technologies are invented or discovered for the improvement of farming activities. In Nigeria, such technologies are gradually being available from research institutes and imported technologies. The low outputs of farms suggest that these technologies seem not to be highly adopted in Nigeria and the factors that determine the adoption of these technologies are yet to be explored. The study examined the socio-economic and institutional determinants of the adoption of new agricultural technologies by cooperative farmers in Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select three hundred and twenty farmers (160 individual farmers and 160 co-operative farmers), statistically derived using the Taro Yamane formula. The data used for this study were sourced from primary data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were deployed in the analysis of data. Findings revealed that sex, marital status, farm size and annual farm income socio-economic are the socioeconomic factors affecting the adoption of new agricultural technologies while the frequency of contact with extension agents is the key institutional factor affecting the adoption of agricultural technologies. Recommendations made include that extension services should be improved by the Agricultural Development Programme. There should be at least two extension agents to each community who should visit the farms regularly and expose the farmers to the latest agricultural technologies through Small Plots Adoption Trials (SPATS) and On-Farm Adaptive Research. The extension service workers in ADP should enjoin individual farmers to form effective groups (Co-operative Societies) for easy diffusion of the agricultural technological innovations.

Role of Finance in Resource use Efficiency and Constraints in Banana Cultivation in Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 437-441
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Regular Source ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Secondary Information

The study was conducted using purposive cum random sampling technique and two hundred respondents comprised of 100 each borrowers and non-borrowers were selected from two block of district including marginal, small and medium categories of farm size. Primary data were collected through personal interview technique and required secondary information was taken from the record available at district and block level. Simple tabular and functional analysis and Garrett ranking were done to draw inferences. As per the result obtained from the study, no much difference was seen between the resource use efficiency of borrower and non-borrower farms and constraints faced by borrower. Since banana is a cash crop and it needs initial costs for its establishment, and after harvesting the crop regular source of income was generated by selling of suckers (seed) plant and its fruits. It’s by-product, leaves, etc. also used for various purposes. Minute inspection of the analysis showed that finance played important role for initiating the cultivation of banana crops showed the resource use efficiency that there is no considerable difference found on sample farms of borrower and non-borrower categories. Constraints faced by majority of the farmers were mainly delay in disbursement of loan and lack of the repayment period insufficient and improper management for withdraws on KCC.

scholarly journals Technical Inefficiency Determinants in Potato Production: The case of Potato Farmers in Central Highlands of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hailu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Land Fragmentation

The study identified the factors that cause variation in the level of efficiency in potato production. The study used household level cross sectional data collected in 2015/16 from 196 sample farmers selected by multistage sampling technique. For the data collection, a personally administered structured questionnaire was used. In the analyses, descriptive statistics, a stochastic frontier model (SFM) and a two-limit Tobit regression model were employed. Tobit model revealed that technical efficiency was positively and significantly affected by education, land tenure status, extension service, credit and soil fertility whereas variables such as sex of household head, age of household head, farm size and land fragmentation affected it negatively. Therefore the study suggested the need for policies to discourage land fragmentation and promote education, extension visits, access to credit and soil fertility for improvement in technical efficiency.

scholarly journals Short-Term Debt and Financial Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Buganda Region, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Henry Mugisha ◽  
Job Omagwa ◽  
James Kilika
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Capital Shortage ◽  
Qualitative Approaches

Short-term debt is regarded as an important source of financing for Small and Medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This is because it can be easily accessed and useful during times of emergent working capital shortage. However, short-term debt is the least researched among the components of capital structure, which explains why its contribution to the financial performance of small and medium-sized businesses still lacks empirical validation especially in the Ugandan context. This paper sought to determine the effect of short-term debt on financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Uganda. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design to collect and analyse the data. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select SMEs while purposive sampling technique was used to select one key respondent from each of the sampled 453 SMEs in Uganda. Primary data was collected using survey questionnaire. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression analysis. The findings indicted that short-term debt had a negative and significant effect on financial performance of SMEs as measured by return on assets. The study provides empirical evidence to support the propositions in the extant literature that short-term debt significantly hampers financial performance of SMEs. The study recommends that SMEs should adopt low cost operation procedures to improve profitability. This would lead to accumulated profits that can be used for investment purposes as a means of driving growth among the SMEs without resorting to borrowing. This paper suggests that further research should be conducted to establish the justification for the negative and significant effect of short-term debt on financial performance using qualitative approaches.

scholarly journals Analysis of the effects of Zimbabwean white farmers on small scale farming in Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Olaniyi Adewumi ◽  
Ayodele Jimoh ◽  
Olubunmi Abayomi Omotesho
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Policy Option ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
White Farmers ◽  
Local Farmers

Many observers believe that the on-going liberalization of the world will have dramatic negative effects on small farmers in both developed and developing countries. This study aims to capture the effects of the presence of foreign migrant farmers on small scale farm­ing systems, which are prevalent in Nigeria. The Agricultural Development Project Zone D in which the white farmers settled in the state of Kwara, was used as a case study. Primary data were collected from white farmers as well as from local farmers regarding their situ­ation before and after the arrival of white farmers. Descriptive statistics and analysis of the farm budget were used in evaluating the data. The majority of local farmers (98.63%) transitioned towards sole cropping since the arrival of white farmers in the area. There were significant increases in seed rate, fertilizer and other chemicals, as well as labor inputs per farmer in the area when compared to the situation that was prevalent before the white farmers settled there. Their average farm size, distances between their houses and farms and tractor use reduced significantly, while output per farm size increased considerably since the arrival of white farmers in the area. In order to provide sustainability of the posi­tive development, there is the need to seek a policy option that will calm local farmers who once in a while exhibit signs of dissatisfaction for the way in which white farmers came to settle on their land. These could be achieved through the use of the participatory approach to agricultural development in the area. This approach could also be relevant in other re­gions of the world with similar situations. 

scholarly journals Determinants Sorghum Market among Smallholder Farmers in Kafta Humera District Tigeray Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tewoderos Meleaku ◽  
Degye Goshu ◽  
Bosena Tegegne
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Output Market ◽  
Ethiopian Government ◽  
Sorghum Production ◽  
Current Price

Markets are important for economic growth and development of a given country to ensure sustainable supply of food. Failure of market leads to failure of adoption of new technology which is necessary for increasing productivity. Sorghum has been considered as a strategic crop by the Ethiopian government aiming at enhancing food security and essential source of income for farmers as whole economic benefits to the country. Smallholder’s farmers producing about 95 percent of the national agricultural production increasing market participation among smallholder farmers have a big opportunity to boost their living standards. The objective of this study was analyzing factors determining smallholder sorghum farmer decision to participate in output market and level of marketed output smallholder farmers in Kafta-Humera district of Tigeray Ethiopia. A two stage sampling technique was used to select 289 sample farmers who were interviewed using a semi- structured questionnaire to obtain data pertaining to sorghum production during the year 2016/2017. Descriptive and Tobit regression analyses were used to determine the key factors that influence household participation in the market in terms of volumes of product sales.  The study identified that quantity of sorghum supplied to the market was positively affected by credit, extension contact, training, sorghum farm size, current price of sorghum and education, while family size and lagged price of sesame negatively affected. These indicate that there is a room to increase in supply and intensity of sorghum in the study area. Therefore, government authorities and other concerned bodies should take into consideration the mentioned demographic, socioeconomic and institutional factors to increase supply of sorghum to the market in study area.

scholarly journals Determinants of Agricultural Production Diversification among Marginal and Small Farmers of Kanyakumari and Perambalur

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Y. Melba ◽  
K. R. Ashok ◽  
A. Vidhyavathi ◽  
S. Kalaivani ◽  
P. Vennila
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
State Planning ◽  
The Impact

Aims: To assess the influence of agricultural production diversity of marginal and small farmers Study Design: Purposive Random Sampling Place and Duration of Study: Kanyakumari and Perambalur districts in Tamil Nadu were purposefully chosen for the survey, which was conducted through primary data collection from July to August 2020. Methodology: According to the Tamil Nadu state planning commission report 2017, Kanyakumari and Perambalur districts were chosen at random from the top five and bottom five districts of the food security index to analyze dietary diversity. The crop diversification index was calculated using the entropy index. The Tobit model is used to investigate the impact of diverse agriculture production among marginal and small farming households. Results: The findings clearly show that, of the two districts, Perambalur has diversified more than Kanyakumari. Farmers in Perambalur district cultivate agricultural crops, whereas farmers in Kanyakumari district selected block cultivate horticultural crops, particularly plantation crops. According to the Tobit results, the number of cattle, farm size, credit available, and distance from the market all had a positive and significant influence on crop diversification. Improving female-headed household decision-making, promoting household investment and infrastructure facilities, and suggesting crop development as crop diversification measures. Conclusion: The results conclude that farmers in Perambalur district have highly diversified cropping than Kanyakumari district.

scholarly journals Indebtedness Among Farmers in Haryana State, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-384
Author(s):  
Babloo Jakhar ◽  
Rohtas Kait
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The study aims to assess the nature, extent and sources of debt and the measures of the burden of debt on farmers. Materials and methods: The study was based on primary data collected (by field survey) from a sample of 600 farmers selected from Haryana state in India. With regards to the selection of farmers/respondents, a proportionate sampling technique was employed. For the analysis of the collected data, average (or mean value) and percentage techniques were used. The data were collected in January, February and March, 2021. Results: The study revealed that the average amount of debt per sampled farmer is 563 960 rupees. This amount of debt is very high. Institutional sources played a major role in loan disbursement to farmers. Of the total amount owed, one third of all the debt was incurred from non-institutional sources at a higher rate of interest; 67.03% was incurred for productive purposes and the remaining 32.97% of debt was incurred for non-productive purposes. Non-productive debt adds nothing to agricultural production. 67% of all farmers in the state belong to marginal and small farm-size category. Thus, at small size of land holdings, at higher rate of interest charged by non-institutional sources and non-productive loans are the main cause of farmer indebtedness. Conclusions: Farmers have been trapped under the burden of debt and are not in a situation to pay their loans back within the prescribed period of time.

scholarly journals Willingness to pay for excreta pellet fertilizer: Empirical evidence from Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN K. M. Kuwornu ◽  
Alfred B. Narh JNR ◽  
Irene S. Egyir ◽  
Edvard E. Onumah ◽  
Solomie Gebrezgabher
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Tobit Regression Model

<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This study examined farmers’ willingness to pay for excreta pellet fertilizer in Ghana. Primary data was obtained from 461 farmers in 10 districts in the Western and Greater Accra regions of Ghana through randomized questionnaire administration. The contingent valuation method was used in eliciting the farmers’ willingness to pay decisions (WTP) and maximum amount they are willing to pay. The Tobit regression model results revealed that being a household head, unit cost of current fertilizer used, and farm size positively influenced the willingness to pay amount whereas previous use of organic fertilizer influenced the willingness to pay amount negatively.</span></p>

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