scholarly journals Indebtedness Among Farmers in Haryana State, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-384
Author(s):  
Babloo Jakhar ◽  
Rohtas Kait
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The study aims to assess the nature, extent and sources of debt and the measures of the burden of debt on farmers. Materials and methods: The study was based on primary data collected (by field survey) from a sample of 600 farmers selected from Haryana state in India. With regards to the selection of farmers/respondents, a proportionate sampling technique was employed. For the analysis of the collected data, average (or mean value) and percentage techniques were used. The data were collected in January, February and March, 2021. Results: The study revealed that the average amount of debt per sampled farmer is 563 960 rupees. This amount of debt is very high. Institutional sources played a major role in loan disbursement to farmers. Of the total amount owed, one third of all the debt was incurred from non-institutional sources at a higher rate of interest; 67.03% was incurred for productive purposes and the remaining 32.97% of debt was incurred for non-productive purposes. Non-productive debt adds nothing to agricultural production. 67% of all farmers in the state belong to marginal and small farm-size category. Thus, at small size of land holdings, at higher rate of interest charged by non-institutional sources and non-productive loans are the main cause of farmer indebtedness. Conclusions: Farmers have been trapped under the burden of debt and are not in a situation to pay their loans back within the prescribed period of time.

Levels, Pattern and Distribution of Income of Farmers in Rural Punjab: An Empirical Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Large Farm ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The present study examined the levels, pattern and distribution of income of farmers in rural Punjab. For this purpose, the primary data was collected from 510 farm households randomly from the selected villages from all the development blocks of the high, medium and low productivity regions during the period of 2015-16. The results of the study revealed that average household and per capita income increased with an increase in the farm size. The average household income of the large farm-size category was 9.94 and 6.31 times of the marginal and small farm-size categories, respectively. Farm business income was the largest source of income for all the farm-size categories followed by milk and milk products. The marginal and small farm-size categories have to work as labourers in agricultural and non-agricultural sector due to inadequate income from small landholdings, whereas the semi-medium, medium and large farm-size categories supplemented their income by hiring out agricultural machinery. The marginal and small farm-size categories earned 6.05 and 4.28 times less per capita income than the large farm-size category. The study showed the highly skewed distribution of per household and per capita income among farmers in the rural areas of Punjab.

scholarly journals An Economic Analysis of Production of Isabgol and Constraints Faced by Farmers in Rajasthan

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Crop Damage ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Large Farm ◽  
The Cost

The study was carried out in Barmer district of Rajasthan to analyze economics of Isabgol production and constraints faced by farmers. The primary data were collected from total sample of 80 farmer’s respondents. The study reveals that total cost of cultivation was higher ` 38407.69 per hectare on large farm, followed by ` 34132.15 on medium and ` 31281.96 on small farm and ` 34607.27 per hectare on overall farm. The cost of cultivation increases as farm size increase. It is observed from the result of F test p value is .001 which shows that there is statistically significant difference in cost of cultivation of Isabgol on different farm size category. The different cost on the basis of cost concept (Cost A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2 and C3) of Isabgol cultivation per hectare was calculated. The cost of production was found lower on large farm it was found to be ` 5053.64 per quintal followed by ` 5094.35 per quintal on medium farm, ` 5128.19 per quintal for small size farm which was found highest and ` 5092.06 per quintal for overall farm size. Farm business income, family labor income and farm investment income of Isabgol cultivation was found highest on large farm. The benefit cost ratio was found at 1.63 for overall farm size and was found to be 1.68 for large farm, 1.64 for medium farm and 1.63 for small farm. Crop damage by pest and diseases are the most important constraints faced by farmers in Isabgol production.

Role of Finance in Resource use Efficiency and Constraints in Banana Cultivation in Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 437-441
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Regular Source ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Secondary Information

The study was conducted using purposive cum random sampling technique and two hundred respondents comprised of 100 each borrowers and non-borrowers were selected from two block of district including marginal, small and medium categories of farm size. Primary data were collected through personal interview technique and required secondary information was taken from the record available at district and block level. Simple tabular and functional analysis and Garrett ranking were done to draw inferences. As per the result obtained from the study, no much difference was seen between the resource use efficiency of borrower and non-borrower farms and constraints faced by borrower. Since banana is a cash crop and it needs initial costs for its establishment, and after harvesting the crop regular source of income was generated by selling of suckers (seed) plant and its fruits. It’s by-product, leaves, etc. also used for various purposes. Minute inspection of the analysis showed that finance played important role for initiating the cultivation of banana crops showed the resource use efficiency that there is no considerable difference found on sample farms of borrower and non-borrower categories. Constraints faced by majority of the farmers were mainly delay in disbursement of loan and lack of the repayment period insufficient and improper management for withdraws on KCC.

scholarly journals Economics of shifting land from field crops to hog plum (Spondias mombin L.) cultivation in southern Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
MHK Sujan ◽  
AK Ghosh ◽  
M Sultana ◽  
F Islam ◽  
FT Sadia
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Cultivation Practice ◽  
Hog Plum ◽  
Very High ◽  
Data Result

The study was carried out to analyse the economics of shifting land from field crops to hog plum cultivation in southern Bangladesh during July to September 2018. A total of 120 farmers were selected by using multistage stratified random sampling technique to collect primary data. Result of the study shows that the per hectare average total cost of hog plum cultivation was Tk. 94,126. The average yield of hog plum was 7.97 t ha-1. Net return from hog plum cultivation was Tk. 126,921 per hectare. By cultivating hog plum, farmers obtained 56 to 93% higher net return than the other existing cropping patterns. Since the BCR (2.94), NPV (Tk. 2215,000) and IRR (59%) were very high, the land shifting decision towards hog plum cultivation was sensible. However, BCR was very low in the initial stages of hog plum plantation. Initial investment support from public or private sector could facilitate the growth of this cultivation practice. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 155-163, December 2020

COST AND ACCESSIBILITY RELATED FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SELECTION OF AREAS OF RESIDENCE IN KENYA: A SURVEY OF NAIROBI RESIDENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Grace W. Njoroge Kahura ◽  
Prof. Joe K. Kamaria
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose: The purpose the study was to investigate the cost and accessibility related factors influencing the selection of areas of residence in Kenya in the case of Nairobi residents.Methodology: The researcher used descriptive research design. The scope of the study was limited to Nairobi County. The study identified a population of 985,016 households in Nairobi County out of which a sample of 150 respondents were used. Random sampling technique was used to select the respondents from each category. The study used primary data that was collected using questionnaires. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The data was then analysed in terms of descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages.Results: The results indicated that majority of the respondents found economic and accessibility factors as being important while choosing their places of residence.  The results indicated that the most important economic factor is income, followed by transfer costs, cost of living, price, and transport costs. Ease of qualifying for a mortgage, availability of mortgage, ease of qualifying for a mortgage, maintenance costs were least ranked.  The study also found that the most important accessibility factor was road network, followed by water, nearness to workplace, parking space, health centers, internal space, and electricity, and transport costs. The least ranked factors were drainage, parks and open spaces, availability of garden, and floor plans.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that cost related factors such as cost of living among others should be given a priority when making a decision on where to reside since such economic related factors touch on one’s disposable amount. It is also recommended that it would be significant for landlords to put into consideration such economic factors before concluding on either the rent prize or the prize of a piece of land since their potential tenants’ or buyers’ decision is most likely to be influenced by such factors. It is also recommended that landlords should put into consideration accessibility factors before building rental houses. Such factors as road network are very important and will obviously influence the tenants’ decision on residing in a certain area. 

Analysis of arable crop farmers’ awareness to causes and effects of climate change in south western Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 614-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakirat Bolatito Ibrahim ◽  
Idris Akanbi Ayinde ◽  
Aisha Olushola Arowolo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Arable Crop

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the determinants of arable crop farmers’ awareness to causes and effects of climate change in south western Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – Using primary data, 150 arable crop farmers in Ogun State were selected through a multi stage sampling technique. Survey method was used to elicit information on farmers’ socioeconomic, production characteristics, and their level of awareness to causes and effects of climate change. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, environmental awareness index (EAI), and Tobit regression analysis. Findings – Most (81.08 percent) of the arable crop farmers were males with an average household size of eight persons, farming experience of 24 years and farm size of approximately 1 ha. The computed climate change EAI showed that only 47 percent of the respondents were aware of causes of climate change, while 68 percent were aware of its effects. Results further revealed that age, income from secondary occupation (p < 0.10), marital status, household size (p < 0.05), years of farming experience, frequency of extension contact, land size in hectare, and farm revenue (p < 0.01) were the determinants of respondents awareness to causes and effects of climate change. Practical implications – The study recommended among others that, awareness should be created among arable crop farmers on climate change causes and effects for appropriate mitigation actions to be taken for improved agricultural productivity. Originality/value – The study provided new empirical evidence on the awareness level of respondents to causes and effects of climate change on their production activities and livelihood in general. Implications for policy will be to provide a public education program that will target females, the poor, the illiterate, and the people in the economically active age group among others in order to create awareness and provide information and adequate knowledge on the causes and effects of climate change for proper mitigation and adaptation options.

scholarly journals Determinants of Adoption of Cassava Technologies by Male Farmers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
ME Ejechi
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Logit Regression Model ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study investigated determinants of adoption of recommended cassava production technologies among male farmers in Nasarawa State. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed for the selection of the respondent. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were collected from 60 male cassava farmers selected from 6 out of 13 LGAs in the State. They were Karu, Kokona, Akwanga, NasarawaEggon, Lafia and Obi. Data were analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics such as frequency tables, and percentage were used to describe socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. Logit regression model was used to estimate the determinants of adoption of these practices. The results showed that awareness and adoption of these practices were very high (Awareness of all the practices ranges from 90% to 98.3% while the adoption is from 63.3% to 90%). Factors that positively and significantly influenced adoption by male farmers were income (p=0.01) and extension contact (p=0.1). The conclusion was that men made remarkable contribution in cassava production. It was recommended that Governments at all levels formulate policies aimed at encouraging and motivating male cassava farmers. Provision of loans to male farmers and subsidizing of inputs should be ae necessary. Cassava processing industries should be established to add value and increase income.Keywords: Adoption, Cassava Technologies, Male farmers.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Cassava Flour and Garri Production in Ibarapa Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551-1554
Author(s):  
A.A. Adesope ◽  
O. Olumide-Ojo ◽  
I.O. Oyewo ◽  
B.H. Ugege ◽  
A.A. Oyelade
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Selection Of

Cassava, an edible root crop and a reliable and relatively inexpensive source of carbohydrate, is widely grown and processed into different foods such as cassava flour and garri. The study analyzed the costs and returns in cassava flour and garri production and also determined the factors influencing its production in the study area. A two- stage sampling technique was used to generate primary data used for this study. The first stage involved the purposive selection of Ibarapa North Local Government Area (LGA), because it has more cassava producers and processors than other LGAs. The second stage involved the random selection of 15 villages out of the 23 in the LGA. From the selected villages, 170 respondents were randomly selected while only 150 copies of the structured questionnaire administered were retrieved. Results from the primary data shows that 28.3% of garri producersproducers had no formal education and 46.7% were between the ages of 30 and 39years. The regression analysis shows that the quantity of garri sold (ß =5.4099), transportation cost (ß =-0.2994), peeling cost (ß = -0.4249), and grating cost (ß = 0.6878) were all  significant to the total revenue of cassava flour sold. Price, inadequate capital, transportation, land tenure and markets were factors influencing garri and cassava flour production. Analysis of the costs and returns revealed that processing cassava into garri gave a higher gross margin even though processing of cassava was profitable, indicating that there is a significant difference between flour and garri production. Inputs, market, good and infrastructural facilities should be provided so as to increase production capacity and hence food security. Keywords: Cassava, Cassava flour, Garri, Gross margin, Nigeria

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN KEPERCAYAAN ORGANISASIONAL TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI BLUD MELALUI MOTIVASI KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (Studi pada UPTD Puskesmas Rawat Inap Kabupaten Kebumen)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
Lutfi Intan Sari ◽  
Kabul Trifiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Work Motivation ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Organizational Trust ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Saturated Sample ◽  
Sample Method ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Competence and  Organizational Trust on Employee Performance BLUD UPTD Inpatient Health Center Unit of Kebumen District Through Work Motivation. Data collection is done by questionnaire using saturated sample method. Respondents in this study were Non Civil Servants BLUD Employees in 8 Inpatient Health Centers who had worked over 1 year totaling 74 people.  The variables in this study are Competence, Organizational Trust in Performance through Work Motivation. The sampling technique used is the Non Probability Sampling technique. So the selection of sample members taking into account the conditions that have been set.  The data used in this study are primary data and secondary  data. The results of this study indicate that the Competency variable has a positive and significant effect on Work Motivation. Organizational Trust has a positive and significant effect on  Work Motivation. Competence has a positive and not significanteffect on Performance. Organizational Trust has a positive and significant effect on Performance. Work Motivation has a positive and significant effect  on Performance.

scholarly journals Adoption of BARI Recommended Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Varieties by the Potato Farmers of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
MI Khalil ◽  
ME Haque ◽  
MZ Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Small Family Size ◽  
Cultivation Technology

This study was conducted to determine the extent of adoption of BARI recommended potato varieties by the potato growers in three Upazilas namely, Pirgachha of Rangpur, Munsiganj sadar of Munsiganj and Shibganj of Bogra district of Bangladesh. To achieve the objectives, the present research was designed to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. The study areas were selected purposively considering highly concentrated potato growing areas. Total numbers of potato growers in the selected areas were 581 from which 231 were selected as respondents following proportionate random sampling technique. A pre-tested interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents during October, 2010 to February, 2011. The potato growers showed marked individual differences in their socio-economic characteristics and majority of them belonged to middle age category having small family size, primary level of education, small farm size, medium innovativeness and medium contact with extension personnel. The study revealed that the highest proportion (68.4%) of the potato farmers belonged to high adoption category; whereas 6.5 percent fall in medium adoption category and 25.1 percent in low adoption category of BARI recommended potato varieties. Extent of adoption of BARI recommended potato varieties were found more or less equal in three different study areas, where the highest (72.6%) portion of the potato farmers were in high adoption category in Munshiganj Sadar followed by 68.4 percent in Shibganj and 67.5 percent in Pirgachha. The studies also revealed that Diamant, Cardinal and Granola were the most popular varieties among all the released varieties of BARI and are largely grown in Munshiganj, Rangpur and Bogra, respectively. Farmers’ education and knowledge about potato cultivation technology showed significant positive relationship with their adoption of BARI recommended potato varieties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17492 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 79-86

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