ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА ПРОВИНЦИИ ХЭЙЛУНЦЗЯН (КНР) В СРАВНЕНИИ С ЮЖНЫМИ РАЙОНАМИ ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА

Author(s):  
N.V. Mishina

В работе представлены результаты изучения развития сельского хозяйства провинции Хэйлунцзян (КНР) за период с 2000 по 2017 гг. Данная провинция имеет протяженную границу с Дальневосточным федеральным округом РФ и ее сельскохозяйственное освоение является одним из важных факторов экологической безопасности приграничных территорий России. Основой для выполнения исследования являются официальные статистические данные. Для выявления основных изменений в отрасли анализировались такие показатели, как валовое производство сельскохозяйственной продукции, размеры и структура посевных площадей, объемы использования минеральных удобрений, сельскохозяйственное водопользование, поголовье скота и производство продуктов животноводства. Сельское хозяйство провинции Хэйлунцзян КНР активно развивалось в рассматриваемый период, что подтверждается многократным увеличением значения большинства показателей отрасли, а также ростом ее доли в ВРП. В растениеводстве наблюдался сильный перекос в сторону увеличения производства кукурузы и риса, сопровождавшийся значительным расширением посевных площадей, в т.ч. орошаемых, что обусловило рост сельскохозяйственного водопотребления. В животноводстве, кроме традиционного производства мясопродуктов, развитие получило молочное животноводство, производство шерсти, меда, шелковых коконов. В пространственном отношении в последние 17 лет вектор сельскохозяйственного развития в провинции смещался в сторону ранее наименее освоенных приграничных округов, в которых имеется запас пригодных для освоения земель. Сопоставление данных о сельскохозяйственном производстве провинции Хэйлунцзян и в сопредельных районах юга Дальнего Востока России показало рост трансграничных градиентов для большинства показателей, что указывает на более интенсивное развитие отрасли на китайской территории. Сохранение этих тенденций в перспективе означает ухудшение состояния природной среды в провинции, нарастание остроты экологических проблем, увеличение экономического и экологического дисбаланса на приграничных территориях России и КНР. The paper is a general review of the agricultural development of Province Heilongjiang (China) in 20002017. This province has a long border with the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation and its agricultural development is an important factor of the environmental safety of the border areas of Russia. The basis for the review is the official statistical data. We analyzed such indicators as a gross output value of agricultural production, a size and a structure of sown areas, using mineral fertilizers, the agricultural water use, livestock number and products. Multiple growth of the value of most indicators confirms active development of agriculture in Province Heilongjiang in the period under consideration. The analysis of crop farming data showed a strong shift towards production of corn and rice, significant expansion of the sown area, including the irrigated ones, an increase in agricultural water consumption. In animal husbandry dairy farming and the production of wool, honey, and silk cocoons developed in addition to the traditional production of meat products. Spatially, over the past 17 years, agricultural development has shifted towards the border regions (prefectures) with rather large stock lands suitable for reclamation. The comparison of the agricultural data in Province Heilongjiang and in the south of the Russian Far East showed an increase in crossborder gradients for most indicators meaning more intense agricultural development of the Chinese territory. Continuation of these trends in future means environmental deterioration, intensification of ecological problems, growth of the economic and environmental imbalance in the border areas of Russia and China.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Mishina

В работе представлены результаты изучения развития сельского хозяйства провинции Хэйлунцзян (КНР) за период с 2000 по 2017 гг. Данная провинция имеет протяженную границу с Дальневосточным федеральным округом РФ и ее сельскохозяйственное освоение является одним из важных факторов экологической безопасности приграничных территорий России. Основой для выполнения исследования являются официальные статистические данные. Для выявления основных изменений в отрасли анализировались такие показатели, как валовое производство сельскохозяйственной продукции, размеры и структура посевных площадей, объемы использования минеральных удобрений, сельскохозяйственное водопользование, поголовье скота и производство продуктов животноводства. Сельское хозяйство провинции Хэйлунцзян КНР активно развивалось в рассматриваемый период, что подтверждается многократным увеличением значения большинства показателей отрасли, а также ростом ее доли в ВРП. В растениеводстве наблюдался сильный перекос в сторону увеличения производства кукурузы и риса, сопровождавшийся значительным расширением посевных площадей, в т.ч. орошаемых, что обусловило рост сельскохозяйственного водопотребления. В животноводстве, кроме традиционного производства мясопродуктов, развитие получило молочное животноводство, производство шерсти, меда, шелковых коконов. В пространственном отношении в последние 17 лет вектор сельскохозяйственного развития в провинции смещался в сторону ранее наименее освоенных приграничных округов, в которых имеется запас пригодных для освоения земель. Сопоставление данных о сельскохозяйственном производстве провинции Хэйлунцзян и в сопредельных районах юга Дальнего Востока России показало рост трансграничных градиентов для большинства показателей, что указывает на более интенсивное развитие отрасли на китайской территории. Сохранение этих тенденций в перспективе означает ухудшение состояния природной среды в провинции, нарастание остроты экологических проблем, увеличение экономического и экологического дисбаланса на приграничных территориях России и КНР. The paper is a general review of the agricultural development of Province Heilongjiang (China) in 20002017. This province has a long border with the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation and its agricultural development is an important factor of the environmental safety of the border areas of Russia. The basis for the review is the official statistical data. We analyzed such indicators as a gross output value of agricultural production, a size and a structure of sown areas, using mineral fertilizers, the agricultural water use, livestock number and products. Multiple growth of the value of most indicators confirms active development of agriculture in Province Heilongjiang in the period under consideration. The analysis of crop farming data showed a strong shift towards production of corn and rice, significant expansion of the sown area, including the irrigated ones, an increase in agricultural water consumption. In animal husbandry dairy farming and the production of wool, honey, and silk cocoons developed in addition to the traditional production of meat products. Spatially, over the past 17 years, agricultural development has shifted towards the border regions (prefectures) with rather large stock lands suitable for reclamation. The comparison of the agricultural data in Province Heilongjiang and in the south of the Russian Far East showed an increase in crossborder gradients for most indicators meaning more intense agricultural development of the Chinese territory. Continuation of these trends in future means environmental deterioration, intensification of ecological problems, growth of the economic and environmental imbalance in the border areas of Russia and China.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-242
Author(s):  
V.A. Yakimova ◽  
A.A. Orekhova

Subject. The article addresses the tax liabilities of taxpayers registered in the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, which should be paid to the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation, as well as the factors of the said debt growth. Objectives. Our aim is to assess the level of tax debt of regions of the Russian Far East and identify the correlation between the factors and the amount of tax debt. Methods. The study rests on methods of analysis, generalization, grouping, systematization, and the correlation and regression analysis. Results. We analyzed the level of tax debt for the entire Far Eastern Federal District and by region, identified factors affecting the growth of tax debt therein. The paper assesses the structure of tax debt by type of taxes and activity of debtors. The unveiled factors may help control changes in the size of tax debt in the Russian Far East and develop effective measures to improve the debt collection. Conclusions. The study shows that there is an increase in the tax debt in the regions of the Russian Far East, in the VAT in particular. The factor analysis revealed that the volume of sales of wholesale enterprises, investment in fixed capital, the consumer price index have the largest impact on the amount of tax debt.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 902-916
Author(s):  
Yury D. Shmidt ◽  
Natalya V. Ivashina

The present paper analyses migration policy measures implemented in the Russian Far East, namely, State Programme to Assist the Voluntary Resettlement of Compatriots Living Abroad to the Russian Federation, the Far-Eastern Hectare Programme, establishment of Priority Development Areas (PDAs) and territories with a special regime of economic activity. The synthetic control method was applied to quantitatively assess how the adopted measures affect the migration outflow from regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. According to this method and relevant statistics, constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal District were compared with control regions of the Siberian Federal District, where these policy tools have not been introduced. Comparable areas had similar socio-economic development trends and migration flows in the period preceding the implementation of the state programmes. To analyse the impact of migration policy changes in 2011–2018, the difference between outflow values of the Far Eastern and synthetic control regions was calculated. The results showed that the average estimated values are negative and significantly different from zero. This indicates a positive effect of new migration mitigation measures on reducing the outflow from the Russian Far East. Future research will separately assess the effectiveness of each migration policy tool implemented in the Far Eastern Federal District.


Author(s):  
Marina N. Khramova ◽  
◽  
Dmitry P. Zorin ◽  
◽  

In the current geopolitical conditions and fierce competition in world markets from such dy-namically developing countries of the Asia-Pacific region as China, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore and a number of others, the preservation and increase of human capital in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District is of a strategic nature. To ensure the national security and integrity of the country, to strengthen Russia's position in the Asia-Pacific area, the role of the Far East regions comes to the fore. However, the pronounced processes of depopulation of the population of the Far East regions and the stable migration outflow of the working-age population to other regions of Russia and abroad call into question the implementation of many tasks for the sustainable socio-economic development of this macro-region. The regions of the Far Eastern Federal District are already experiencing a shortage of qualified personnel in several industries. This deficit, in the absence of a governmental long-term strategy in the field of human capital formation, will not allow Russia to compete with the fast-growing economies of Asia-Pacific countries in the future. In this article, we analyze the opportunities and potential risks of human capital development through the prism of demographic processes occurring in the regions of the Russian Far East. Based on modern data on fertility, mortality, age-sex structure of the population, trends in interregional and international migration we conclude that for the growth of human capital and sustainable economic growth, the necessary conditions are: the development of transport and social infrastructure of the macro-region, the development of programs of labor mobility of the popu-lation, attracting young people through the educational migration channel, attracting international migrants from the CIS countries as well as from Asia-Pacific countries with a level of education and qualifications corresponding to the economic specialization of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-251
Author(s):  
Nikita Sasaev

ntroduction. The socio-economic development of the Russian Far East is one of the most important strategic directions of Russia, corresponding to the national interests and development vector. For this vector to be transmitted to the regional and sectoral level, it needs strategic opportunities, relevant in the context of multiple trends and limited resource base. Energy security includes reliable energy consumption and efficiency. It ensures the socio-economic progress of developing economies and emerging-market countries. The Russian Far East has accumulated enough scientific, technical, industrial, and production potential to use gas industry as a long-term driver of socio-economic development. The research objective was to analyze and systematize the main interest groups focused on the development of gas industry in the Russian Far East. Study objects and methods. The study was based on the theory of strategy and the methodology of strategizing developed by Professor V.L. Kvint, as well as on authentic methods of industrial strategizing. Results and discussion. The article introduces a concept scheme that illustrates the relationship between regional and sectoral gas strategies of the Russian Far East, as well as their place in the general system of strategies. The author systematized the main national, social, regional, industrial, corporate, and international interests. The analysis confirmed the long-term interest of the gas industry in the Far Eastern Federal District at each of these levels. Conclusion. In the Russian Far East, gas industry will establish strong vertical and horizontal relationships in the system of strategies, thus producing a multiplicative effect on the socio-economic development of the whole Far Eastern Federal District and its regions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
K. L. Kudryashova

The article analyzes global strategic trends in the development of the fishing industry, whose most important role in terms of the successful development of society is increasingly recognized. For a number of priorities and indicators, the leading countries in the production, export and import of fish and fish products are indicated. The strategic vector of development of the fishing industry in Russia as a whole and, in particular, the Russian Far East has been substantiated. The competitive advantage of the region is the best resource base among all regions of Russia. The main objects of the fishing industry of Russia, determining its competitiveness in the global market, are concentrated in the Kamchatka Territory, Sakhalin Region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories. The level of development of the productive forces of the fishing industry of the Far Eastern Federal District predetermines the role of  Russia in the most important economic space of the world – the Asia-Pacific region, where, since 1992, leaders of the fishing industry have been localized. The problem of realizing the strategic potential of the fisheries complex in Russia is complicated by the lack of capacity of the fishing fleet, port infrastructure, refrigeration and storage facilities onshore, and coastal fish processing plants.


2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Yuliya Arkhipova ◽  
Rudolf Leontiev

The article is devoted to the issue of the possibility of economic development of the mining industry in the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) and the impact of investment projects. With the vast wealth and diversity of mineral resources, their involvement in the national economy is an essential factor in the industrialization and successful development of the regions. In the case of the establishment of processing plants, for a number of minerals, the region could provide its own needs, as well as the countries, finished products from it, and develop an export focus. The article considers the export orientation of the mineral and raw materials complex of Russia and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as the commodity structure of exports of the regions of the FEFD. Special attention is paid to the implementation of major regional investment projects, which are important for the development of the regions. So, it is proposed to implement a major project in the form of an integrated mining and metallurgical complex due to the fact that the region needs its own ferrous metallurgy. The calculations carried out (in various versions: basic, in the conditions of the territory of advanced development (TAD), without the costs of infrastructure creation) showed that the implementation of the project is cost-effective, but due to the high costs, the support of the state is necessary.


2021 ◽  
Vol 885 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
T M Komarova ◽  
I V Kalinina ◽  
D M Fetisov ◽  
S A Solovchenkov

Abstract Strengthening interaction in a cross-border area corresponds to the presence of linear infrastructure connecting border areas of neighbouring states. One of the projects, which has been implemented since 2008 in the Russian Far East to connect the Russian and Chinese parts of the Amur area (Priamurie), is the Nizhneleninskoye (Jewish Autonomous Oblast) – Tongjiang (Heilongjiang Province) railway bridge construction. The first combined data on the ongoing changes in the transport infrastructure, the potential trade and industrial development and interaction of border areas near the constructing railway bridge are presented in the paper. It was revealed that the key project result at present is the development of transport and logistics infrastructure that provides a connection between the industrial bases of the Northern China and the Russian Far East and Eastern Siberia. The possibilities of developing an industrial cluster in the bridge sites of the two countries are still being discussed.


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