scholarly journals Legal basis of tackling manifestations of extremism during the election process

Author(s):  
Алиса Рубан ◽  
Alisa Ruban

Countering political extremism is one of the main tasks of state policy in the field of crime prevention. During the period of electoral processes, the violation of the law particularly criminal law becomes frequent and unavoidable. The rules of law guarantee the legality and legitimacy of voters, candidates, electoral associations, electoral commissions and other electoral participants actions. In this article, the author focuses on the special relevance of authorized bodies activities to counter political extremism during an election in order to protect the foundations of the constitutional system and states security. The author reviewed the main sources that form the legal basis for tackling extremism during the election campaigns. The analysis of certain provisions of regulatory legal acts in the field of opposing of manifestations extremism including during the electoral period was done. In particular, the most strategic state policy for protecting society from destructive influence of extremism are discussed. Based on the analysis of some provisions of regulatory legal acts the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to improve legislation in this area.

Author(s):  
Kenneth McK. Norrie

The earliest criminal law dealing with children differently from the adult population was that concerned with sexual offences. This chapter explores the changing policies of the law, from the late 19th century fear of girls being exposed to immorality and boys being exposed to homosexuality, through the more protective 20th century legislation which nevertheless hung on to old ideas of immorality and criminality, until the Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009 focused almost (but not quite) exclusively on protection from harm and from exploitation. The chapter then turns to the crime of child cruelty or neglect from its earliest manifestation in the common law to its statutory formulation in Prevention of Cruelty to, and Protection of, Children Act 1889, which, re-enacted in 1937, took on a form that, for all intents and purposes, remains to this day. The last part of the chapter explores the legal basis for the power of corporal punishment – the defence previously available to parents, teachers and some others to a charge of assault of a child, known as “reasonable” chastisement. Its gradual abolition from the 1980s to 2019 is described.


2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorius Widiartana

ABSTRACTThe criminal law that has been used as one of the means to eridicate crime is built on a retributive paradigm, so its repressive and coercive nature dominates. Based on the retributive paradigm, crime prevention is the sole authority of the law enforcement apparatus. Crime prevention based on the retributive paradigm is also offender oriented. Unlike the retributive paradigm, the paradigm of restorative justice offers another way of dealing with crime. In the retributive paradigm of justice, the sanction imposed does not aim to take revenge on the perpetrators of crime but rather sanctions that can arouse the perpetrator's responsibility for the suffering of the victim or sanction aimed at restoring the suffering of the victim. According to the paradigm of restorative justice, the process of solving crimes is done by involving perpetrators, victims and the community. Keywords: crime prevention, criminal law, retributive, restorative justice. INTISARIHukum pidana yang selama ini dipakai sebagai salah satu sarana untuk menangulangi kejahatan dibangun atas dasar paradigma retributif, sehingga sifatnya yang represif dan koersif begitu mendominasi. Berdasar paradigma retributif, penanggulangan kejahatan merupakan kewenangan tunggal aparat penegak hukum. Penanggulangan kejahatan berdasar paradigma retributif juga bersifat offender oriented. Berbeda dengan paradigma retributif, paradigma keadilan restoratif menawarkan cara lain dalam menanggulangi kejahatan. Dalam paradigma keadilan retributif, sanksi yang dijatuhkan tidak bertujuan untuk melakukan pembalasan terhadap pelaku kejahatan melainkan sanksi yang dapat menggugah tanggung jawab pelaku terhadap penderitaan korban atau sanksi yang bertujuan untuk memulihkan penderitaan korban. Menurut paradigma keadilan restoratif, proses penyelesaian kejahatan dilakukan dengan cara melibatkan  pelaku, korban dan masyarakat. Kata kunci: Penanggulangan kejahatan, hukum pidana, retributif, keadilan restoratif.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-C) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Gyulnaz Eldarovna Adygezalova ◽  
Olga Andreevna Kovtun ◽  
Natalia Dmitrievna Tereshchenko ◽  
Ruslan Mukharbekovich Dzidzoev ◽  
Irina Valerievna Shapiro

The purpose of this work is to study the constitutional and legal basis for the formation of the Upper House of the Federal Parliament in connection with the adoption of the Law of the Russian Federation on the Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of March 14, 2020, No. 1-FKZ "On Improving the Regulation of Certain Aspects of the Organisation and Functioning of Public Authority". Thus, the method of analyzing legal documents allowed concluding the gradual legal consolidation of the order of formation of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in the conditions of building a legal democratic state. Having studied the theoretical and legal aspects of the formation of the Federation Council, the authors note that the current order reflects the socio-political realities, corresponds to the foundations of the constitutional system, and allows for a more complete reflection of the constitutional foundations of democracy, popular representation, and the principles of parliamentarism.


2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Wade

This article looks at the development of preventative civil measures with criminal sanctions and the ways in which they are influencing criminal law. It argues that serious crime prevention orders in Part 1 of the Serious Crime Act 2007 are a part of this trend and further, that they undermine traditional notions of due process. The provisions of Part 1 of the Serious Crime Act 2007 are contrasted with Part 2 of the Act. The article also argues that the new inchoate offence of encouraging and assisting crime and the Law Commission proposals for conspiracy will provide sufficient measures against future harm therefore obviating the need for civil preventative orders.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Priono ◽  
Widodo T. Novianto ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani

<p>Abstract<br />This articles aimed at to analyze the application of the Theory of Legal Interpretation by judges as an attempt of legal protection against the notary, are study of the judge’s Verdict against the crime of falsification of the authentic deed. The kind of research in this article is doctrinal, while seen from its shape including research evaluative sense and perspective. The analysis used logic deduction. Legal basis in the provision of criminal sanctions against notary can be taken but in addition to must meet formulation offense which is in law office notary and the book the act of criminal law. Judge in applying criminal sanctions against of criminal falsification an authentic deed rules must payment the following : (1) the what may be punishable and meet elements formulated in an act; (2) work of violates the laws or against the law; (3) a mistake, in the form of both were (dolus) and neglect (culpa). Recommendations are : 1) examination the allegation act punishable in forgery an authentic deed by a judge to do a holistic integral by look aspect outwardly, formal, material notarial deed associated with a task, authority the notary. 2) need to be made criteria and guidelines can be used the juridical for judges referred to forgery certificate in duty and position of a notary. 3) although there are freedom the judge in run/carry out of his rulings so the judges are not have to legalistik but prosecute at law in the country broadly including actual knowledge already established so that his ruling to reflect a sense of justice in society.</p><p>Keywords: The Application of; Interpreting; a Criminal Offense; an Authentic Deed.</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan Teori Penafsiran Hukum oleh hakim sebagai upaya perlindungan hukum terhadap Notaris, yaitu studi atas Putusan Hakim terhadap tindak pidana pemalsuan akta otentik. Jenis penelitian dalam artikel ini adalah doktrinal, sedangkan dilihat dari bentuknya termasuk penelitian evaluatif dan perspektif. Analisis yang digunakan logikadeduksi.Dasar hukum dalam penjatuhan sanksi pidana terhadap Notaris dapat saja dilakukan namun di samping harus memenuhi rumusan pelanggaran yang tersebut dalam UUJN dan KUHP. Hakim dalam menerapkan sanksi pidana terhadap tindak pidana pemalsuan akta otentik harus dipenuhinya syarat-syarat antara lain sebagai berikut : (1) adanya perbuatan yang dapat dihukum dan memenuhi unsur-unsur yang dirumuskan dalam undang-undang; (2) perbuatan tersebut bertentangan dengan hukum/melawan hukum; (3) adanya kesalahan, baik berupa kesengajaan (dolus) dan kelalaian (culpa). Rekomendasinya adalah : 1) Pemeriksaan adanya dugaan perbuatan pidana dalam pemalsuan akta otentik oleh Hakim  harus dilakukan pemeriksaan yang holistik integral dengan melihat aspek lahiriah, formal, material Akta Notaris dikaitkan dengan tugas, wewenang, jabatan Notaris. 2) Perlu dibuat kriteria dan pedoman yang dapat dipakai landasan yuridis bagi hakim yang dimaksud pemalsuan akta dalam tugas dan jabatan notaris. 3) Meskipun ada kebebasan hakim dalam menjalankan/melaksanakan putusannya maka hakim tidak harus legalistik tetapi mengadili menurut hukum dalam arti yang luas termasuk aktualisasi pengertian-pengertian yang sudah mapan, sehingga putusannya dapat mencerminkan rasa keadilan (dalam) masyarakat.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Penerapan; Penafsiran; Tindak Pidana; Akta Otentik.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alfredo Risano ◽  
Ayu Dian Ningtias

 In terms of enforcement the law. Second, legal instruments in the framework of criminal law enforcement abuse of narcotics against minors using a legal basis Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Criminal Justice System for Children. In the the provisions of the SPPA Law, in order to prosecute children who are involved with the law, then a diversion effort is carried out, namely a restorative effort or recovery state solve the problem together, in this research is focous about How are repressive legal measures against child narcotics users in under age?. As previously explained, in act Number 11 In 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, there is a restorative principle (Restorative justice), which is aimed at restoring the original state, meaning efforts to restore the attitudes and mentality of children who have committed acts the crime of narcotics abuse to be as before or as a cure for the criminal act he has committed. Of course, the provisions of the Narcotics Law are not sidelined even though his repressive legal remedies are based on the provisions of law SPPA.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Prima Setiawan

Abstract The development process of modernization shows that corporations play an important role in society. However, in achieving the goals and interests, corporations occasionally commit acts in violation of the law and result in the victim suffering a loss. Corporations in the field of labor also commit offenses or crimes in the form of actions that ignore the security and safety of laborers. It means that the corporation has ignored the interest of the laborers. Act No. 13 of 2003 on Labor is the legal basis for the laborers. Therefore it is necessary to make unequi vocal and explicit arrangements about corporations’ liability in general within the act. The method used in this thesis is a normative juridical with a conceptual and legislation approach. Act No. 13 of 2003 on Labor still has not regulate explicitly the corporations’ liability to the victims of corporations’ crime. It is because there is no specific regulation on sanctions replacement if the corporation does not pay the principal financial penalties imposed and there is no provision governing when a corporation does not meet its obligations to pay for the rights and/or compensation to laborers. The effort of ius constituendum related to corporations' liability is to en act a separate regulation expressly and explicitly regarding corporations' liability in general within the act. Thus, the criminal law policy of corporations' liability in the field of labor can be realized.Keywords : Corporate, Corporations’ Liability, Labor.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Budi Suhariyanto

Diskresi sebagai wewenang bebas, keberadaannya rentan akan disalahgunakan. Penyalahgunaan diskresi yang berimplikasi merugikan keuangan negara dapat dituntutkan pertanggungjawabannya secara hukum administrasi maupun hukum pidana. Mengingat selama ini peraturan perundang-undangan tentang pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi tidak merumuskan secara rinci yang dimaksudkan unsur menyalahgunakan kewenangan maka para hakim menggunakan konsep penyalahgunaan wewenang dari hukum administrasi. Problema muncul saat diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 dimana telah memicu persinggungan dalam hal kewenangan mengadili penyalahgunaan wewenang (termasuk diskresi) antara Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara dengan Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Pada perkembangannya, persinggungan kewenangan mengadili tersebut ditegaskan oleh Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2015 bahwa PTUN berwenang menerima, memeriksa, dan memutus permohonan penilaian ada atau tidak ada penyalahgunaan wewenang (termasuk diskresi) dalam Keputusan dan/atau Tindakan Pejabat Pemerintahan sebelum adanya proses pidana. Sehubungan tidak dijelaskan tentang definisi dan batasan proses pidana yang dimaksud, maka timbul penafsiran yang berbeda. Perlu diadakan kesepakatan bersama dan dituangkan dalam regulasi tentang tapal batas persinggungan yang jelas tanpa meniadakan kewenangan pengujian penyalahgunaan wewenang diskresi pada Pengadilan TUN.Discretion as free authority is vulnerable to being misused. The abuse of discretion implicating the state finance may be prosecuted by both administrative and criminal law. In view of the fact that the law on corruption eradication does not formulate in detail the intended element of authority abuse, the judges use the concept of authority abuse from administrative law. Problems arise when the enactment of Law No. 30 of 2014 triggered an interception in terms of justice/ adjudicate authority on authority abuse (including discretion) between the Administrative Court and Corruption Court. In its development, the interception of justice authority is affirmed by Regulation of the Supreme Court Number 4 of 2015 that the Administrative Court has the authority to receive, examine and decide upon the appeal there is or there is no misuse of authority in the Decision and / or Action of Government Officials prior to the criminal process. That is, shortly before the commencement of the criminal process then that's when the authority of PTUN decides to judge the misuse of authority over the case. In this context, Perma No. 4 of 2015 has imposed restrictions on the authority of the TUN Court in prosecuting the abuse of discretionary authority.


Author(s):  
Ditlev Tamm

Abstract This contribution deals with the influence of the Reformation on the law in Denmark. The Reformation was basically a reform of the church, but it also affected the concept of law and state in general. In 1536, King Christian III dismissed the catholic bishops and withheld the property of the church. The king, as custos duarum tabularum, guardian of both the tablets of law, also took over the legislation for the church. Especially in subjects of morals and criminal law new principles and statutes were enacted. Copenhagen University was reformed into a protestant seminary even though the former faculties were maintained. For that task Johannes Bugenhagen was summoned who also drafted the new church ordinance of 1537. In marriage law protestant principles were introduced. A marriage order was established in 1582.


Jurnal Hukum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Hanafi Amrani

AbstrakArtikel ini membahas dua permasalahan pokok: pertama, kriteria yang digunakan oleh pembentuk undang-undang di bidang politik dalam menetapkan suatu perbuatan sebagai perbuatan pidana (kriminalisasi); dan kedua, fungsi sanksi pidana dalam undang-undang di bidang politik. Terkait dengan kriminalisasi, undang-undang di bidang politik yang termasuk ke dalam hukum administrasi, maka pertimbangan dari pembuat undang-undang tentu saja tidak sekedar kriminalisasi sebagaimana diatur dalam ketentuan hukum pidana dalam arti sebenarnya. Hal tersebut disebabkan adanya pertimbangan-pertimbangan tertentu. Pertama, perbuatan yang dilarang dalam hukum pidana administrasi lebih berorientasi pada perbuatan yang bersifat mala prohibita, sedangkan dalam ketentuan hukum pidana yang sesungguhnya berorientasi pada perbuatan yang bersifat mala in se. Kedua, sebagai konsekuensi dari adanya penggolongan dua kategori kejahatan tersebut, maka pertimbangan yang dijadikan acuan juga akan berbeda. Untuk yang pertama (mala prohibita), sanksi pidana itu dibutuhkan untuk menjamin ditegakkannya hukum administrasi tersebut. Dalam hal ini sanksi pidana berfungsi sebagai pengendali dan pengontrol tingkah laku individu untuk mencapai suatu keadaan yang diinginkan. Sedangkan untuk yang kedua (mala in se), fungsi hukum pidana dan sanksi pidana lebih berorientasi pada melindungi dan mempertahankan nilai-nilai moral yang tertanam di masyarakat tempat di mana hukum itu diberlakukan atau ditegakkan. Kata Kunci: Kebijakan, Kriminalisasi, Undang-Undang PolitikThis article discusses two main problems: firstly, the criteria used by the legislators in the field of politics in determining an act as a criminal act (criminalization); secondly, the function of criminal sanctions in legislation in the field of politics. Associated with criminalization, legislation in the field of politics that is included in administrative law, the consideration of the legislators of course not just criminalization as stipulated in the provisions of criminal law in the true sense. This is due to certain considerations. Firstly, the act which is forbidden in the administration of criminal law is more oriented to act is malum prohibitum offences, whereas in actual criminal law provisions in the act are mala in se offences. Secondly, as a consequence of the existence of two categories of classification of the crime, then consideration will also vary as a reference. For the first (mala prohibita), criminal sanctions are needed to ensure the enforcement of the administrative law. In this case the criminal sanction serves as controller and controlling the behavior of individuals to achieve a desired state. As for the second (mala in se), the function of criminal law and criminal sanctions is more oriented to protect and maintain the moral values that are embedded in a society where the law was enacted or enforced.


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