scholarly journals Trauma Wielkiej Wojny. Psychospołeczne konsekwencje drugiej wojny światowej

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-42
Author(s):  
Marcin Zaremba
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
War Experience ◽  
The One

Almost seventy years now separate us from the outbreak of World War II. To date the most important trend in debates about the war’s consequences for Central Europe has focused on the interconnections between the social, political and economic changes occurring during the war, on the one hand, and the origins of the communist bloc in that part of Europe, on the other. This approach is overly narrow: it fails to take account of the importance of the psycho-social consequences of the war, which were incomparably broader, extending far beyond the political dimension. The author attempts to sketch out a systematic account of the sociological and psychological effects of this war, through an examination of the Polish case. His analysis draws upon two key theoretical concepts: Pitirim Sorokin’s sociology of catastrophes; and Piotr Sztompka’s sociology of trauma. Paraphrasing the title of Sztompka’s book (Trauma wielkiej zmiany. Społeczne koszty transformacji), we might call the Polish war experience “the trauma of the great war”. The article shows the sources, symptoms and cultural consequences of the trauma of war in Poland.

Epistemic competitions over Jewish Holocaust survivors’ stories in interviews

2021 ◽  
pp. 095792652199214
Author(s):  
Kim Schoofs ◽  
Dorien Van De Mieroop
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Epistemic Authority ◽  
World War ◽  
Master Narratives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
Expert Status ◽  
The One

In this article, we scrutinise epistemic competitions in interviews about World War II. In particular, we analyse how the interlocutors draw on their epistemic authority concerning WWII to construct their interactional telling rights. On the one hand, the analyses illustrate how the interviewers rely on their historical expert status – as evidenced through their specialist knowledge and ventriloquisation of vicarious WWII narratives – in order to topicalise certain master narratives and thereby attempt to project particular identities upon the interviewees. On the other hand, the interviewees derive their epistemic authority from their first-hand experience as Jewish Holocaust survivors, on which they draw in order to counter these story projections, whilst constructing a more distinct self-positioning to protect their nuanced personal identity work. Overall, these epistemic competitions not only shaped the interviewees’ identity work, but they also made the link between storytelling and the social context more tangible as they brought – typically rather elusive – master narratives to the surface.

Postcolonial Orientalisms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic-Mohamed Zahed
Keyword(s):  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Exclusive Or

This chapter introduces the social consequences of, on the one hand, inclusive interpretations and, on the other hand, exclusive (or, quite simply, homophobic, transphobic, and misogynistic) interpretations of scripture, showing how queer Muslims in France, in Europe, and elsewhere position themselves in relation to the theoretical and theological debates in the Islamic world.

scholarly journals Criminological Problems of the Digital World (Digital Criminology)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
Anna Serebrennikova
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The development of information society and the corresponding technologies raises to a new level the tasks of counteracting crimes committed using such technologies, and of minimizing damage from them. The growth in the scale of new types of crime is a cause of worry for the society and the authorities, and especially for criminologists, as the penetration of criminals into the virtual environment and their mastery of new technologies acquire dangerous forms, change criminal motivation and, at the same time, to some extent stimulate the development of information and telecommunication technologies. The growing sophistication of the tasks of preventing and counteracting hi tech crimes makes it necessary to critically assess the current criminological methods and to make an attempt to go beyond the known «common» methods of neo-classical criminology. The development of the digital criminology concept cannot be reduced to an aggregate of pioneer technological methods developed on the basis of mathematical modeling, i.e. computer processing of quantitative and qualitative parameters of crimes, mathematical detection of different dependencies (on time, place and other variables), it could and should be understood in a wider sense: on the one hand, it should influence the new criminological paradigm, and on the other - it should develop within its boundaries. The modern information-analytical sphere in the work of law enforcement bodes includes the use of digital criminological instruments within the programs of crime prevention, mathematical methods of analyzing crimes, profiling, etc. Their aggregate is generally applicable to criminological analysis and prediction, however, it does not have the most cutting edge theoretical basis that corresponds to the tasks of counteracting crimes of the digital world; it is now being formed on the basis of criminological neo-classics, the advances of the social sciences and the humanities, digital criminology. The predictions of new industrial revolutions include a rapid acceleration of the pace of technological development, a systemic transformation of production and management, which will not only stimulate a global rise in the living standards, but will also increase inequality and, consequently, will provide an impetus to crime. These aspects should be taken into consideration when predicting future development of digital criminology, whose theories should be based on the conceptual models of social development of the near future. Social consequences of the predicted new industrial revolutions will inevitably become new common determiners of the crimes of the future, as it always happened in the past.

scholarly journals The Social Consequences of the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak in Iran: Is Social Capital at Risk? A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohadeseh Motamed-Jahromi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Kaveh
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Psychosocial Disorders ◽  
The Social ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

As well as causing a global health crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic has also generated multilevel social changes by damaging psychosocial and economic resources across Iranian society. Therefore, this qualitative study was conducted to examine and explain these social consequences and their impact on the social capital of Iran during the COVID-19 outbreak. Using a content analysis approach, nine experts participated in semistructured, in-depth interviews. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Lundman and Graneheim’s method. The social impacts of COVID-19 can be summarized into six categories and 32 subcategories. Three positive-negative categories emerged from the data analysis: “formation of new patterns of social communications; formation of new patterns of behavior; creation of economic changes.” Three entirely negative categories included “creating a climate of distrust; disruption of cultural, social, and religious values; psychosocial disorders.” Overall, most findings (27 out of 32 subcategories) indicated the destructive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on social capital. Therefore, this raises concerns about social capital endangerment in Iran. However, positive social impacts can guide policies that strengthen social action and improve social capital.

L'altraeconomia: tra mercato e societŕ civile

2009 ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Mario Pianta
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Possible World ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Alternative Economy

- The degrowth as a way out of economy Degrowth represents first of all a provocative slogan to indicate the necessity to break from the growing society, focussed on an economy aiming at the growth for the growth's sake. In the essay, the author theorizes that breaking with the society of growth does not imply promoting an "alternative" growth, nor an "alternative" economy, but rather overcoming the excessive power of economy in order to rediscover the social and the political dimension. The question regards two interconnected levels: the one of representations and the one of concrete realities. The break represented by degrowth concerns at the same time things and words, it implies a "decolonization" of the imagination and the actualization of another possible world.

Knowledge, Values, and Technological Decisions: A Decision Theoretic Approach

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald N. Giere
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Statistical Knowledge ◽  
Decision Theoretic Approach ◽  
The Social

Before World War II, most decisions involving the introduction of new technologies were made primarily by individuals or corporations, with only minimal interference from government, usually in the form of regulations. Since the war, however, the increased complexity of modern technologies and their impact on society as a whole have tended to force the focus of decision making toward the federal government, although this power is still usually exercised in the form of regulation rather than outright control. Given the huge social consequences of many such decisions, it seems proper that the decision-making process be moved further into the public arena. Yet one may wonder whether the society has the resources and mechanisms for dealing with these issues. Thus, the nature of such controversies, and the possible means for their resolution, has itself become an object of intense interest. One may approach this subject from at least as many directions as there are academic specialties. Many approaches are primarily empirical in that they attempt to determine the social and political mechanisms that are currently operative in the generation and resolution of controversies over new technologies (Nelkin 1979). Such studies usually do not attempt to determine whether the social mechanisms actually operating are effective mechanisms in the sense that they tend to produce decisions that in fact result in the originally desired out comes. The approach of this chapter is much more theoretical. It begins with a standard model of decision making and then analyzes the nature of technological decisions in terms of the postulated model. The advantage of such an approach is that it provides a clear and simple framework for both analyzing a controversy and judging its outcome. The disadvantage is that it tells us little about the actual social and political processes in the decision. Eventually we would like an account that incorporates both theoretical and empirical viewpoints. Regarding the proposed model, there are several ingredients in any decision. This chapter concentrates on one of these ingredients: scientific knowledge, particularly statistical knowledge of the type associated with studies of low-level environmental hazards. There is no presumption, however, that statistical knowledge, or scientific knowledge generally, is the most important ingredient in any decision.

Whatever Happened to the Social in American Social Thought? An Answer in Two Parts

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Dorothy Ross
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Mass Society ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Generations

The efforts of liberal thinkers to incorporate mutualistic social principles into Americans’ understanding of liberalism extended through the century, but the strongest and most holistic conceptions of the social sphere took hold during the New Deal era and World War II. Contrary to recent accounts that locate the weakening of that social liberal project in the 1970s and attribute it to underlying economic changes, this article builds on two generations of historiography to argue that the decline began during the long 1950s when totalitarianism changed the political context of social thought. The theory of mass society that developed to explain the rise of totalitarianism replaced the citizens of liberal democratic theory with the anxious, rootless masses of modern society and forecast the collapse of liberal democracy into totalitarianism. Americans cast totalitarianism as the antithesis of America, its Other in the narrative of American identity, a threat both without and within. In that context, mutualistic conceptions of the social sphere were put on the defensive and individual liberty was valorized. Liberal intellectuals, trusting in American capitalism and in the weak social state, focused on the threat of McCarthyite anti-intellectualism and mass irrationality. Their commitment to social democracy weakened and their chief concern shifted to the no-longer-autonomous individuals of modern society.

The Study of International Politics: A Survey of Trends and Developments

1952 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Integrated Curricula ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The question was raised at the end of World War II as to whether or not international relations could stand as a separate field of study. Views were expressed by scholars and teachers in history and political science to the effect that in substance there was nothing peculiar to the subject matter of international relations which did not fall under other separate fields of social studies. At some universities and colleges there were dissenters to this prevailing viewpoint. Their particular philosophy manifested itself in attempts to create and establish integrated curricula under academic committees or departments dedicated to the broad generalized study of die subject matter of the field. It is still too early to pass judgment with any finality on the merits of these two points of view, the one viewing international relations as a mere duplication of the subject matter of many fields; the odier insisting that diere must be an ordering and integrative approach to die field. No serious student would presume to claim that die study of international relations had arrived at die stage of an independent academic discipline. However, there have been three significant developments within no more than a single generation which illuminate certain aspects of this problem. First we have witnessed the evolution and development of a point of focus or core in the field. Secondly, diere have been die first faint and feeble beginnings of attempts to create a mediodology appropriate for the field, or at least to determine those related mediodologies in the social sciences whose methods and techniques could most usefully be appropriated for the study of persistent international issues. Thirdly, inventories have been drawn up by individual scholars, universities and institutes, of topics and concrete projects which would best serve in the development of general principles in the field and the validation of them dirough systematic inquiry.

scholarly journals Autobiographical Accounts of War Experiences. An Outline for the Analysis of Topically Focused Autobiographical Texts – Using the Example of the "Robert Rasmus" Account in Studs Terkel's Book, "The Good War"

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-283
Author(s):  
Fritz Schütze
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Autobiographical Texts ◽  
War Experiences ◽  
Autobiographical Accounts ◽  
The One

The paper demonstrates both: firstly, a research strategy for the social science analysis of autobiographical narrative interviews, and, secondly, a research strategy for the social science use of published oral history and/or autobiographical materials. It is an attempt to demonstrate a text-oriented procedure of biography analysis in the social sciences, especially – sociology. This allows the empirically grounded generation both of general theoretical concepts for socio-biographical processes, and of conceptual provisions for the uniqueness of the features and dynamics of biographical and historical single cases, their situations, and phases. The paper deals with the analysis of autobiographical accounts of war experiences and it shows the general mechanisms of collective, social, and biographical processes, on the one hand, and the uniqueness of historical, situational, and biographical developments, on the other, coexist during wars in an especially ironical, tragic, elating, depressive, dangerous, hurting, deadly combination.

The Partisan Movement in Postwar Lithuania

Slavic Review ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stanley Vardys
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
World War ◽  
East European ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into

The story of armed resistance to Soviet rule in postwar Lithuania is of interest both to historians and to political scientists. On the one hand, it unveils an important period of modern Lithuanian history and offers a glimpse into the dilemma of East European nationalism, caught between Nazis and Communists in World War II. On the other, it allows an insight into the nature of a movement that seeks to produce political changes by the use of violence. In an age when political practitioners use guerrilla warfare and paramilitary tactics as basic means of struggle for power, justification of a study of partisan movements seems hardly necessary. By showing academic interest, the social scientist merely recognizes their growing practical importance.The Lithuanian partisan resistance to the Soviet regime now can be analyzed with the help of varied source material, including firsthand testimony of both nationalist and Communist origin.

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