scholarly journals Przewidywany wpływ Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu na aktywność dawców pomocy rozwojowej z UE

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-74
Author(s):  
Mateusz Smolaga
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Eu

The European Green Deal is an ambitious strategy for economic transformation of the European Union (EU) that most likely will affect other policies. The aim of this article is to consider how Official Development Assistance (ODA) offered by the EU and its members may change as a result of the European Green Deal’s implementation. This is done by assessing the existing trends in EU ODA spending focused on addressing climate/environmental issues. This analysis uses for calculations data provided by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. One of the main findings is that climate/environmental issues play a significant and growing role in the allocation of EU ODA funds, though aid provided by some EU members, including Poland, do not share this pattern. It is expected that the implementation of the European Green Deal will lead to furthering the diversified (multi-sector) nature of EU influence over economic transformation of partner countries.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effects of the EU Official Development Assistance to the Western Balkans

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ognjen Erić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Eu

Official development assistance (ODA) implies the movement of capital with a minimum of one quarter of grant. It was established in the second half of the previous century, with the aim of getting developed countries to set aside a part of their gross domestic product (GDP) as an aid intended for developing countries. In the European Union, development assistance implies a policy which was established at the very beginning of the integration process, but it was not until the Treaty on the European Union was signed that it obtained its legal basis. Today, the European Union is a key partner of developing countries, and together with member states it ensures more than a half of the ODA assets. The countries of the Western Balkans are categorized among the developing countries and receive aid via loans and grants from developed countries and international institutions. The European Union’s support is divided into the aid intended for the countries that are in the process of accession and the aid which is meant for other, less-developed countries. The distinction between these two forms of assistance is very difficult, because the character of the support changes in the course of accession process. The scientific problem that this paper deals with pertains to identification of the intensity of the European Union Official Development Assistance and the level of development of the Western Bal-kans. The assets of the European Union’s assistance to the region of the WesternBalkans are necessary, yet not sufficient for achieving a higher level of developmentand the European standards in all directions.

13. Environmental Policy Contending Dynamics of Policy Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Lenschow
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Environmental Interest Groups ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In

This chapter focuses on the European Union’s environmental policy, the development of which was characterized by institutional deepening and the substantial expansion of environmental issues covered by EU decisions and regulations. Environmental policy presents a host of challenges for policymakers, including the choice of appropriate instruments, improvement of implementation performance, and better policy coordination at all levels of policy-making. The chapter points to the continuing adaptations that have been made in these areas. It first considers the historical evolution of environmental policy in the EU before discussing the main actors in EU environmental policy-making, namely: the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Parliament, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and environmental interest groups. The chapter also looks at the EU as an international actor.

scholarly journals Development of environmental diplomacy of the European Union

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Irina Habro ◽  
Mykhailo Solomko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Environmental Diplomacy ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of environmental diplomacy of the European Union. Today environmental diplomacy has become an important way for states to promote their course of environmental diplomacy, to protect their environmental rights and interests, to promote their own economic and environmental development. The most striking example of the application of green diplomacy on a regional and global scale is the environmental policy implemented by EU member states. Within the EU there is a huge number of environmental programs for the development of renewable energy sources, protection of flora and fauna, as well as combating pollution of water and land resources. To implement its own environmental diplomacy, the EU has adopted a number of important regulations, which are analyzed in the article. The most thorough legal act in the field of environmental diplomacy was Council Directive 85/337 / EEC of 1985 on the assessment of the effects of public and private projects on the environment. This directive reflects the EU’s desire to draw the attention of government agencies and the public to environmental issues and to encourage their collective solution. EU environmental diplomacy is carried out through diplomatic missions, missions, delegations, as well as at the individual level. It involves European politicians and officials who are able to influence international public opinion, employees of foreign ministries and diplomatic missions. The EU also involves third countries as partners to discuss the most pressing environmental issues and their future solutions: climate change, biodiversity conservation, soil depletion, forest and water resources, and renewable energy. Environmental protection is one of the priority areas for European integration. States wishing to join the EU must meet its environmental standards and implement key principles of environmental legislation. It is noted that the EU countries are trying to transfer the economy to clean technologies and diplomatically encourage others to take measures to improve the environmental situation.

Economic Transformation of Austrian Agriculture since EU Accession

2016 ◽  
pp. 299-329
Author(s):  
Erika Quendler ◽  
Christina Mayer ◽  
Karl Michael Ortner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

After joining the European Union (EU) in 1995 Austria adopted the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). This chapter reviews the changes in agricultural production and the economic situation of agriculture since the accession to the EU. The analysis is primarily based on macro-economic data from the Economic Accounts for Agriculture (EAA) over the period between 1995 and 2014. Select examples identify the developments applicable for Austria – also in comparison to other EU countries and groups of countries as well as to Switzerland. Expectations and forecasts regarding the consequences of integration, e.g. changes in the price levels, have been more or less fulfilled but there is a need for further research on the development of regions and on special issues such as the resilience of Austrian agriculture.

scholarly journals The Legal Framework for UK Aid After Brexit

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-57
Author(s):  
Ambreena Manji
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Development ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Way

Abstract Since 2015, when the UK legislated a target for aid spending, the nature of its spending on official development assistance has changed significantly. Government departments not traditionally associated with spending aid have found themselves in charge of disbursing aid funds as a result of that year’s spending review. The vote to exit the European Union has subsequently introduced a number of uncertainties. What considerations will be at play in UK aid spending after Brexit? What will become of official development assistance currently spent through European mechanisms? In what sort of configuration might the Department for International Development and other government departments find themselves? The focus of this paper is on how the vote to leave the European Union might affect the way the UK spends aid. It asks whether the legal framework for this spending is robust enough to withstand the demands that a new post-Brexit political and economic context will make.

scholarly journals The EU in Kosovo: Operational Dilemmas, Political Priorities and the Realities of Post-Conflict Assistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Venner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Eu

The European Union was a major participant in post conflict reconstruction in Kosovo and continues to be the leading international actor. This article examines the effectiveness of the EU’s contribution to developing Kosovo’s government institutions and the implementation of its development assistance programs. The EU faced practical difficulties at the very start of its engagement which undermined its impact, and there are ongoing deficiencies in the EU’s approach to development assistance. There are also questions about the appropriateness of the EU’s strategy in Kosovo from the perspective of Kosovo’s economic development. It is argued that EU assistance activities, based on the accession process and compliance with ‘European standards,’ are excessively complex, are oriented more towards benefiting the EU and its members, and may not address the development problems of Kosovo, or agree with the priorities of Kosovo’s population.

Economic Transformation of Austrian Agriculture Since EU Accession

2020 ◽  
pp. 875-905
Author(s):  
Erika Quendler ◽  
Christina Mayer ◽  
Karl Michael Ortner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

After joining the European Union (EU) in 1995 Austria adopted the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). This chapter reviews the changes in agricultural production and the economic situation of agriculture since the accession to the EU. The analysis is primarily based on macro-economic data from the Economic Accounts for Agriculture (EAA) over the period between 1995 and 2014. Select examples identify the developments applicable for Austria – also in comparison to other EU countries and groups of countries as well as to Switzerland. Expectations and forecasts regarding the consequences of integration, e.g. changes in the price levels, have been more or less fulfilled but there is a need for further research on the development of regions and on special issues such as the resilience of Austrian agriculture.

Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
M. Klinova ◽  
E. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Year 2013

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.

Ensuring sustainable foreign economic relations of countries at the forefront and outskirts of the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1980-1996
Author(s):  
T.S. Malakhova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Bloc ◽  
The Eu

Subject. Foreign economic and trade ties among countries are getting tighter and less predictable in the early 21st century. This directly stems from a growing disparity of partners, especially if it goes about their future cooperation as part of integration groups or international organizations. Communities of experts suggest using various approaches to locally adjusting integration phases, especially implementing the two-speed integration in the European Union. Objectives. The study is an attempt to examine an improvement of foreign economic cooperation and suggest its implementation steps for the European Union. This all is due to considerable inner controversies and problems within the EU, which grow more serious year by year. Methods. The methodological framework comprises the historical logic, dialectical principles, scientific abstraction method. The process and system approach was especially important for justifying the implementation of the above steps. It was used to examine foreign economic relations of partners in the European Union. Results. The article sets forth the theoretical and methodological framework for the geostrategic economic bloc, including a conceptual structure model. I present steps to implement a foreign economic cooperation of partners in the EU in terms of its form. Conclusions and Relevance. Should the form of the foreign economic relations among the EU countries be implemented, counties at the periphery of the EU will be able to become active parties to the integration group.

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