scholarly journals Origine du poisson et système de commercialisation à Abéché au Tchad

2021 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 16299-16309
Author(s):  
Mahamat Seid SOULEYMAN ◽  
Madjina TELLAH ◽  
Nideou DASSIDI ◽  
Polycarpe NGARLEDJI ◽  
Youssouf MOPATE LOGTENE
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
The Road ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Il Y A ◽  
Dried Fish ◽  
The City

Il y a de cela une décennie, le poisson était une denrée rare à Abéché car l’absence des fleuves et lacs dans la zone, ne permet pas la production locale du poisson. L’approvisionnement en poisson de ville provenant des différents lacs situés dans les autres localités s’est développé ces dernières années grâce à l’amélioration des infrastructures routières. Objectif : connaitre l’origine du poisson et son système de commercialisation dans la ville d’Abéché à l’Est du Tchad. Méthodologie : L’étude a été menée par enquête dans deux (2) marchés de la ville auprès de 85 commerçants du poisson pendant un mois (du 1er au 31 mai 2019). Les données collectées ont porté sur la situation matrimoniale et niveau d’étude des commerçants, les genres et la religion. La provenance et moyen des conservations du poisson, ainsi que le mode de livraison. Résultats : Les résultats montrent que le commerce du poisson est pratiqué majoritairement par les mareyeurs mariés (88,23%.). Concernant la provenance du poisson, 78% du poisson proviennent du LacFitri, et 28% du lac –Tchad. Pour bien conserver leur poisson, 54,9% du poisson séché sont conservés dans les cartons et 39,22% du poisson frais dans les glacières. Le poisson le plus vendus dans la ville sont les poissons fumés à 49,02% et 35,29 pour les poissons frais. La livraison est assurée par les grossistes, les grossistes – détaillants et les détaillants. L’acquisition se fait de deux manières, 84,07% des commerçants acquièrent leurs poissons dans un dépôt. La grande partie des commerçants vendent leurs denrées par Kilogramme (92,95%). Conclusion et application des résultats : la vente du poisson est dominée par les poissons fumés ce qui explique que la ville d’Abéché est enclavée, les poissons frais sont très rares et la population a tendance à consommer les poissons fumés et séchés. Ces résultats permettront aux décideurs d’envisager les moyens de production locale du poisson afin d’approvisionner la ville en poisson frais. Mots-clés : Origine Poisson, Commerce, Abéché, Tchad Souleyman et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2021 Origine du poisson et système de commercialisation à Abéché au Tchad 16300 Origin of fish and Marketing System in Abeche City, Chad. ABSTRACT There is that one decade, the fish was a rare food product in Abeche city because the lack of the rivers and lakes in the zone, does not allow the local production of fish. The supply fish of city provide from the various lakes located in the other localities developed these last years with the improvement of the road infrastructures. Objective: to know the origin of the fish and its marketing system in Abeche city in eastern Chad. Methodology and results: The study was conducted by survey in two (2) city markets with 85 fish traders for one month (May 1 to May 31, 2019). The data collected related to the marital status and level of education of merchants, gender and religion. The origin and means of the fish preservation, as well as the mode of delivery. The results show that the fish trades are mainly practiced by married wholesalers 88.23% and practiced by women 68.23%. 78% of the fish come from Lac-Fitri, and 28% from Lac-Chad. To properly preserve their fish, 54.9% of the dried fish are kept in the boxes and 39.22 are fresh fish in the coolers. The best-selling fish in the city is smoked fish at 49.02%, and 35.29 for fresh fish. Delivery is provided by wholesalers, wholesalers - retailers and retailers. And the acquisition is done in two ways, 84.07% of the traders acquire their fish in a deposit. The vast majority of traders sell their produce by Kilogram 92.95%. Conclusion and application of results: the sale of fish is dominated by smoked fish, which explains why the town of Abeche is landlocked, fresh fish are very rare and the population tends to consume smoked and dried fish. These results will permit to the decision makers to contemplate the means of local production of fish in order to supply the city out in fresh fish. Keywords: marketing, provenance, Smoked fish, Abeche, Chad

Afropolis: From Johannesburg

PMLA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Nuttall ◽  
Achille Mbembe
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mine Dumps ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The City

On saturdays we sometimes drive across the city to buy fish. We stand at the counter and try to choose fresh fish in a land-locked city—pink salmon, gray sole, yellow kabeljou, silver red roman. Delicious fish, at least six hours from the nearest coast. After that, we're back in the car, on the road. If we take the highway around the city, we see the mine dumps, man-made hills of gold dust, yellow in the winter sun, relics of the old gold mines on which this city was founded, heaving earth to the surface, the debris of wealth extraction. From all around, among and beyond the gold dumps, the city rises.

COMPARISON OF METHODS DRYING AND VARIETY FISH OF TESTING APPEARANCE ON DRIEDFISH TYPICAL ACEH (KEUMAMAH)

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Ismail Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dried Fish ◽  
Processing Differences ◽  
Taste And Smell ◽  
Test Color

Fresh fish processing into a dried fish is a fish processing has been done a long time, the processing of fish based traditional food processing becomes important to preserve cultural heritage in fish processing. Differences drying method in the processing can affect the taste and texture of the fish produced timber. Types of tuna used significantly different to the color produced on the dried fish . The water content produced in this study is 15:57 (w/w %), ash content 1 , 58 ( % ), mean organoleptic test (color: 3.3, taste and smell 3:35, aroma : 3:34). Preferred types of fish are tuna and the most preferred method oven method.Keyword : 

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

Se perdre afin de se retrouver : l'importance du passage entre l’absence et la présence dans Œdipe sur la route de Henry Bauchau

2012 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Alicja Ślusarska
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
The Road ◽  
De Se ◽  
The City ◽  
Oedipus At Colonus

Retracing in his novel the labyrinthine journey that leads Oedipus from the place of his abomination (Thebes) to the city of his future glory (Colonus), Henry Bauchau fills the emptiness between Sophocles’s Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus. Bauchau’s hero, a powerful king, loses everything and stabs his eyes out when the cruel truth about his real identity is revealed. Blind, homeless, devoid of meaning of life, Oedipus leaves on a journey to pass away anywhere. However, his way to death turns out to be, thanks to benevolent presence of others and art’s liberating power, the road to personal elucidation. The story of Bauchau’s Oedipus, who finally recognizes himself as a truly human, is based therefore on the passage between absence and presence, between darkness and lucidity, on the union of contradictions which symbolize the complexity of human nature. This paper attempts to analyse different representations of absence in Bauchau’s novel. Afterwards, the article focuses on the ways which facilitate Oedipus’s road leading from depersonalization to rediscovery of his own identity.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

Contamination of smoked fish and smoked-dried fish with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and biogenic amines and risk assessment for the Beninese consumers

Food Control ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 108089
Author(s):  
Ogouyôm Herbert Iko Afé ◽  
Claude Saegerman ◽  
Yénoukounmè Euloge Kpoclou ◽  
Caroline Douny ◽  
Ahmed Igout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Dried Fish

scholarly journals Extracting Road Traffic Volume in the City before and during covid-19 through Video Remote Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2329
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Macioszek ◽  
Agata Kurek
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Annual Average Daily Traffic ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Continuous, automatic measurements of road traffic volume allow the obtaining of information on daily, weekly or seasonal fluctuations in road traffic volume. They are the basis for calculating the annual average daily traffic volume, obtaining information about the relevant traffic volume, or calculating indicators for converting traffic volume from short-term measurements to average daily traffic volume. The covid-19 pandemic has contributed to extensive social and economic anomalies worldwide. In addition to the health consequences, the impact on travel behavior on the transport network was also sudden, extensive, and unpredictable. Changes in the transport behavior resulted in different values of traffic volume on the road and street network than before. The article presents road traffic volume analysis in the city before and during the restrictions related to covid-19. Selected traffic characteristics were compared for 2019 and 2020. This analysis made it possible to characterize the daily, weekly and annual variability of traffic volume in 2019 and 2020. Moreover, the article attempts to estimate daily traffic patterns at particular stages of the pandemic. These types of patterns were also constructed for the weeks in 2019 corresponding to these stages of the pandemic. Daily traffic volume distributions in 2020 were compared with the corresponding ones in 2019. The obtained results may be useful in terms of planning operational and strategic activities in the field of traffic management in the city and management in subsequent stages of a pandemic or subsequent pandemics.

scholarly journals Measurements of urban traffic parameters before and after road reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-376
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bąkowski ◽  
Leszek Radziszewski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
National Road ◽  
The City ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The study analyzed the parameters of vehicle traffic and noise on the national road in the section in the city from 2011 to 2016. In 2013–2014 this road was reconstructed. It was found that in most cases, the distribution of the tested variable was not normal. The median and selected percentiles of vehicle traffic parameters and noise were examined. The variability and type A uncertainty of the results were described and evaluated. The results obtained for the data recorded on working and non-working days were compared. The vehicle cumulative speed distributions, for two-way four-lane road segments in both directions were analyzed. A mathematical model of normalized traffic flow has been proposed. Fit factor R2 of the proposed equations to the experimental data for passenger vehicles ranges from 0.93 to 0.99. It has been shown that two years after the road reconstruction, the median noise level did not increase even though traffic volumes and vehicle speeds increased. The Cnossos noise model was validated for data recorded over a period of 6 years. A very good agreement of the medians determined according to the Cnossos-EU model and the measured ones was obtained. It should be noted, however, that for the other analyzed percentiles, e.g. 95%, the discrepancies are larger.

scholarly journals Control of air pollution caused by vehicular emissions

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 12001
Author(s):  
Eliza Gumerova ◽  
Olga Gamayunova
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The Road ◽  
Is Implementation ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
Article Analysis ◽  
The City

Dispersion of air pollutants is caused often by vehicular emissions. It is necessary to define correctly parameters, which influence on emissions. In this article analysis of the parameters and calculations of Saint-Petersburg roads are shown. According to results, measures to improve the air state are defined. Solving of this ecological problem is implementation of development programs of urban public transport, the use of fuel with improved environmental characteristics, the development of electric modes of transport, traffic management methods to increase the capacity of the road and road network in the city.

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