scholarly journals The problem of GNSS positioning with measurements recorded using Android mobile devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 051-062
Author(s):  
Bogdan Skorupa
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Gnss Positioning ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Programming Interface

The current work presents the issue of determining the position of the observer using measurements registered with GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers that Android mobile devices are equipped with. The discussed questions concern using GNSS measurement data, which have been made available in the Android system since version 7.0. The present paper has the character of a review. It demonstrates how measurement data can be obtained via Application Programming Interface. Moreover, it discusses the available software that can be for registering measurements and their initial analysis. Subsequently, it reviews scientific works concerning the problem of positioning with the use of smartphones. Special emphasis was placed on tests consisting in an analysis of phase observations registered using dual-frequency receivers. The summary of the article presents the prospects for using mobile devices in precise point positioning. It also points out the limitations to achieving high accuracy and reliability of such measurements.

scholarly journals Ionosphere-Constrained Single-Frequency PPP with an Android Smartphone and Assessment of GNSS Observations

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5917
Author(s):  
Guangxing Wang ◽  
Yadong Bo ◽  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Zhihao Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Point ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Point Positioning ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Gnss Observations ◽  
Better Than

With the development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and the opening of Application Programming Interface (API) of Android terminals, the positioning research of Android terminals has attracted the attention of GNSS community. In this paper, three static experiments were conducted to analyze the raw GNSS observations quality and positioning performances of the smartphones. For the two experimental smartphones, the numbers of visible satellites with dual-frequency signals are unstable and not enough for dual-frequency Precise Point Positioning (PPP) processing all through the day. Therefore, the ionosphere-constrained single-frequency PPP model was employed to improve the positioning with the smartphones, and its performance was evaluated and compared with those of the Single Point Positioning (SPP) and the traditional PPP models. The results show that horizontal positioning accuracies of the smartphones with the improved PPP model are better than 1 m, while those with the SPP and the traditional PPP models are about 2 m.

scholarly journals Real-time Precise Point Positioning with a Xiaomi MI 8 Android Smartphone

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Chen ◽  
Chengfa Gao ◽  
Yongsheng Liu ◽  
Puyu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Gnss Positioning ◽  
Positioning Errors ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Point Positioning ◽  
Time Required

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning technology using smartphones can be applied to many aspects of mass life, and the world’s first dual-frequency GNSS smartphone Xiaomi MI 8 represents a new trend in the development of GNSS positioning technology with mobile phones. The main purpose of this work is to explore the best real-time positioning performance that can be achieved on a smartphone without reference stations. By analyzing the GNSS raw measurements, it is found that all the three mobile phones tested have the phenomenon that the differences between pseudorange observations and carrier phase observations are not fixed, thus a PPP (precise point positioning) method is modified accordingly. Using a Xiaomi MI 8 smartphone, the modified real-time PPP positioning strategy which estimates two clock biases of smartphone was applied. The results show that using multi-GNSS systems data can effectively improve positioning performance; the average horizontal and vertical RMS positioning error are 0.81 and 1.65 m respectively (using GPS, BDS, and Galileo data); and the time required for each time period positioning errors in N and E directions to be under 1 m is less than 30s.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Approaches to GNSS Positioning Using Code Pseudoranges Generated by Smartphone Device

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4787
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Pepe ◽  
Domenica Costantino ◽  
Gabriele Vozza ◽  
Vincenzo Saverio Alfio
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Gnss Positioning ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

The release of Android 7.0 has made raw GNSS positioning data available on smartphones and, as a result, this has allowed many experiments to be developed to evaluate the quality of GNSS positioning using mobile devices. This paper investigates the best positioning, using pseudorange measurement in the Differential Global Navigation Satellite System (DGNSS) and Single Point Positioning (SPP), obtained by smartphones. The experimental results show that SPP can be comparable to the DGNSS solution and can generally achieve an accuracy of one meter in planimetric positioning; in some conditions, an accuracy of less than one meter was achieved in the Easting coordinate. As far as altimetric positioning is concerned, it has been demonstrated that DGNSS is largely preferable to SPP. The aim of the research is to introduce a statistical method to evaluate the accuracy and precision of smartphone positioning that can be applied to any device since it is based only on the pseudoranges of the code. In order to improve the accuracy of positioning from mobile devices, two methods (Tukey and K-means) were used and applied, as they can detect and eliminate outliers in the data. Finally, the paper shows a case study on how the implementation of SPP on GIS applications for smartphones could improve citizen science experiments.

Positioning stability improvement with inter-system biases on multi-GNSS PPP

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-Kyu Choi ◽  
Hasu Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Position Accuracy ◽  
Satellite Visibility ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Accuracy And Stability

Abstract The availability of multiple signals from different Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) constellations provides opportunities for improving positioning accuracy and initial convergence time. With dual-frequency observations from the four constellations (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou), it is possible to investigate combined GNSS precise point positioning (PPP) accuracy and stability. The differences between GNSS systems result in inter-system biases (ISBs). We consider several ISB values such as GPS-GLONASS, GPS-Galileo, and GPS-BeiDou. These biases are compliant with key parameters defined in the multi-GNSS PPP processing. In this study, we present a unified PPP method that sets ISB values as fixed or constant. A comprehensive analysis that includes satellite visibility, position dilution of precision, position accuracy is performed to evaluate a unified PPP method with constrained cut-off elevation angles. Compared to the conventional PPP solutions, our approach shows more stable positioning at a constrained cut-off elevation angle of 50 degrees.

scholarly journals Single-Baseline RTK Positioning Using Dual-Frequency GNSS Receivers Inside Smartphones

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Dabove ◽  
Vincenzo Di Pietra
Keyword(s):  
Satellite System ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Cooperative Positioning ◽  
Gnss Positioning ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
Master Station ◽  
Single Baseline ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning is currently a common practice thanks to the development of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. The possibility to obtain raw GNSS measurements, such as pseudoranges and carrier-phase, from these instruments has opened new windows towards precise positioning using smart devices. This work aims to demonstrate the positioning performances in the case of a typical single-base Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning while considering two different kinds of multi-frequency and multi-constellation master stations: a typical geodetic receiver and a smartphone device. The results have shown impressive performances in terms of precision in both cases: with a geodetic receiver as the master station, the reachable precisions are several mm for all 3D components while if a smartphone is used as the master station, the best results can be obtained considering the GPS+Galileo constellations, with a precision of about 2 cm both for 2D and Up components in the case of L1+L5 frequencies, or 3 cm for 2D components and 2 cm for the Up, in the case of an L1 frequency. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that it is not feasible to reach the phase ambiguities fixing: despite this, the precisions are still good and also the obtained 3D accuracies of positioning solutions are less than 1 m. So, it is possible to affirm that these results are very promising in the direction of cooperative positioning using smartphone devices.

Performance Analysis of GPS/GLONASS Precise Point Positioning

GEOMATICA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Azab ◽  
Ahmed El-Rabbany ◽  
M. Nabil Shoukry ◽  
Ramadan Khalil ◽  
Akram Afifi
Keyword(s):  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
International Gnss Service ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Satellite Visibility ◽  
Point Positioning ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with Global Positioning Systems (GPS) has attracted the attention of many researchers over the past decade. Recently, the Russian global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) has been modernized and restored to near full constellation status, which has made it more attractive for positioning and navigation. Having two healthy systems, namely GPS and GLONASS provides a combination of both constellations, which in turn promises to improve the availability, positioning accuracy, and reliability of PPP solutions. This study investigates the effect of combining GPS and GLONASS dual-frequency measurements on the static PPP solution and its sensitivity to different processing strategies. Many data sets from five globally distributed International GNSS Service (IGS) tracking stations were processed using the Bernese GPS software package. The addition of GLONASS constellation improved the satellite visibility and geometry by more than 60%, and 40%, respectively, and improves the positioning convergence by up to 41%, 38%, and 19% in east, north, and up directions, respectively.

scholarly journals Implementasi Algoritma Dijkstra Dalam Penentuan Jalur Terpendek Di Yogyakarta Menggunakan GPS Dan Qt Geolocation

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blasius Neri Puspika ◽  
Antonius Rachmat Chrismanto ◽  
Erick Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Digital Map ◽  
Dijkstra's Algorithm ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Programming Interface ◽  
Gps Device

With the development of information technology, the map is no longer in the form of sheet or book. Currently there is a digital map services already invested in mobile devices. Google Maps is one of the leading providers of online digital map which can be accessed using the Application Programming Interface (API) is available using tools such as Qt. Qt is a C + + framework which provides a library to get the location using a GPS device to the library QtGeolocation. By implementing Dijkstra's algorithm, the problem of determining the shortest path towards a desired location of a user's location can be overcome. This study discusses how to implement the algorithm to find the shortest path Djikstra in Yogyakarta-based mobile devices.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning and Its Use in the Android Smartphone

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4894
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Zhuo Lei ◽  
Wenwen Li ◽  
Kecai Jiang ◽  
Tengda Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Point Positioning ◽  
Pseudorange Noise ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

The opening access of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) raw data in Android smart devices has led to numerous studies on precise point positioning on mobile phones, among which single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) has become popular because smartphone-based dual-frequency data still suffer from poor observational quality. As the ionospheric delay is a dominant factor in SF-PPP, we first evaluated two SF-PPP approaches with the MGEX (Multi-GNSS Experiment) stations, the Group and Phase Ionospheric Correction (GRAPHIC) approach and the uncombined approach, and then applied them to a Huawei P40 smartphone. For MGEX stations, both approaches achieved less than 0.1 m and 0.2 m accuracy in horizontal and vertical components, respectively. Uncombined SF-PPP manifested a significant decrease in the convergence time by 40.7%, 20.0%, and 13.8% in the east, north, and up components, respectively. For P40 data, the SF-PPP performance was analyzed using data collected with both a built-in antenna and an external geodetic antenna. The P40 data collected with the built-in antenna showed lower carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N0) values, and the pseudorange noise reached 0.67 m, which is about 67% larger than that with a geodetic antenna. Because the P40 pseudorange noise presented a strong correlation with C/N0, a C/N0-dependent weight model was constructed and used for the P40 data with the built-in antenna. The convergence of uncombined SF-PPP approach was faster than the GRAPHIC model for both the internal and external antenna datasets. The root mean square (RMS) errors for the uncombined SF-PPP solutions of P40 with an external antenna were 0.14 m, 0.15 m, and 0.33 m in the east, north, and up directions, respectively. In contrast, the P40 with an embedded antenna could only reach 0.72 m, 0.51 m, and 0.66 m, respectively, indicating severe positioning degradation due to antenna issues. The results indicate that the two SF-PPP models both can achieve sub-meter level positioning accuracy utilizing multi-GNSS single-frequency observations from mobile smartphones.

scholarly journals An ICT Tool for Visualising and Archiving Measurement Data Collected using Mobile Sensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Andrzej GRABOWSKI ◽  
Paweł ZAWADZKI
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Network ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Mobile Sensors ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
Flexible Application ◽  
Programming Interface

Many sectors require the use of dedicated ICT systems to collect data from dispersed and oftentimes moving measurement systems. This is associated with the increasingly-common use of unmanned vehicles, mostly flying ones, carrying various measurement systems, such as concentration sensors detecting selected gases. The measurement data can be transmitted wirelessly to a central server. The article presents the architecture of a universal ICT tool that, owing to its flexible application programming interface, can be used for integrating, archiving and visualising data coming from a heterogeneous network of measurement devices in real time.

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