Doctor Zhivago by Boris Pasternak and the Knight of Faith by Kierkegaard: Common Ground

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Alla Radionova
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Women's Images ◽  
Boris Pasternak ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Rational Thought ◽  
The Common ◽  
Moral Model

The article deals with the intertextual relationships of the novel «Doctor Zhivago» by B. Pasternak and the treatise «Fear and Trembling» by Søren-Kierkegaard. Pasternak mentioned Kierkegaard in his works and noted his great influence on modern culture. While Pasternak was working on the novel, he used the concept of chivalry, which was an allusion to Kierkegaard. In his treatise «the Knight of Faith» is a moral model that has overcome the fetters of rational thought and broken out of the temporary boundaries. S. Kierkegaard gives his description, which is directly related to the themes and motives associated with the image of Yuri Zhivago. Both Kierkegaard and Pasternak emphasize that the heroes of the high spirit merge with the human community, they cannot be distinguished from the general population with their private existences; the authors carefully contemplate the world around them, trying to penetrate into the very essence of each phenomenon, they differ in external carelessness with the utmost tension of the inner spiritual life. In their self-denial they renounce the most beloved, precious, valuable. Their love takes the form of religious veneration, and the beloved combines the temporal and the eternal, the earthly and the divine. They transfer the pain of double existence and the pain of loss into the realm of the spiritual, the creative, and the realm of memory. In the treatment of women's images in «Doctor Zhivago» Pasternak is equally focused on both Kierkegaard and Dostoevsky, between whom, in turn, there are many similarities. The common ground between the two texts proves the presence of purposeful inter-system interaction.

Fielding and Richardson

PMLA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-388
Author(s):  
William Park
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
General Type ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tom Jones ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

But the Discovery [of when to laugh and when to cry] was reserved for this Age, and there are two Authors now living in this Metropolis, who have found out the Art, and both brother Biographers, the one of Tom Jones, and the other of Clarissa.author of Charlotte SummersRather than discuss the differences which separate Fielding and Richardson, I propose to survey the common ground which they share with each other and with other novelists of the 1740's and 50's. In other words I am suggesting that these two masters, their contemporaries, and followers have made use of the same materials and that as a result the English novels of the mid-eighteenth century may be regarded as a distinct historic version of a general type of literature. Most readers, it seems to me, do not make this distinction. They either think that the novel is always the same, or they believe that one particular group of novels, such as those written in the early twentieth century, is the form itself. In my opinion, however, we should think of the novel as we do of the drama. No one kind of drama, such as Elizabethan comedy or Restoration comedy, is the drama itself; instead, each is a particular manifestation of the general type. Each kind bears some relationship to the others, but at the same time each has its own identity, which we usually call its conventions. By conventions I mean not only stock characters, situations, and themes, but also notions and assumptions about the novel, human nature, society, and the cosmos itself. If we compare one kind of novel to another without first considering the conventions of each, we are likely to make the same mistake that Thomas Rymer did when he blamed Shakespeare for not conforming to the canons of classical French drama.

scholarly journals Emerging pandemic COVID-19: myths and facts

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Rohit Vadala ◽  
Isabella Princess
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Nucleocapsid Proteins ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Relationship Of

<p>The first theory which has established itself across the world is that COVID-19 is a “new virus”. It is rather wise to call it a “new strain” of a pre-existing coronavirus since history clearly denotes cases of coronavirus surfacing the world in past years beginning as early as mid-1960s.Including this novel strain of the virus, seven strains of coronaviruses have been commonly associated with human infections. Coronaviruses are primarily respiratory viruses causing infections ranging from mild to severe involvement of the respiratory tract. The common cold strains of coronavirus are 229E alpha coronavirus, NL63 alpha coronavirus, OC43 beta coronavirus and HKU1 beta coronavirus.The acute respiratory distress causing strains are severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) beta CoV causing SARS, MERS beta CoV causing Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and the very novel COVID-19. Researchers and molecular biologists have confirmed phylogenetic relationship of COVID-19 with a 2015 Chinese bat strain of SARS CoV.<sup> </sup>Mutations to the surface protein as well as nucleocapsid proteins were demonstrated. These two mutations predicts the characteristics such as higher ability to infect as well as enhanced pathogenicity of COVID-19 as compared to older SARS strain. For this reason and with similarities in clinical presentation the novel strain has been named as SARS-CoV-2.</p>

God and his Attributes

Gersonides ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Seymour Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Anselm Of Canterbury ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Religiously Based ◽  
Articles Of Faith ◽  
Basic Beliefs

This chapter explains how the existence of God is philosophically provable. It adopts the terminology of Thomas Aquinas about some of the basic beliefs of monotheistic religion. In attempting to delineate the distinct domain of theology, Aquinas distinguished between the “preambles of faith” and the “articles of faith.” This chapter analyzes the underlying assumption that human reason can prove and explain some of the basic beliefs of monotheistic religion. Not only does it discuss the common ground for philosophy and faith, but it explains monotheistic religions without religiously based assumptions. It describes the ontological proof of Anselm of Canterbury and points out various arguments about the world and how they cannot be explained without positing the existence of God.

Negation in discourse: a text world approach to Joseph Heller’s Catch-22

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hidalgo-Downing
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fictional World ◽  
Discourse Function ◽  
Joseph Heller ◽  
Form Part ◽  
The Common ◽  
Catch 22 ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
The Way

This article presents a discourse-based approach to negation by applying text world theory to the analysis of negation in the novel Catch-22, by Joseph Heller (1986 [1961]), The model developed for the analysis of negation is based on Werth’s (1999) notion of negation as a subworld which modifies information which is present in the common ground of the discourse. By so doing, negation contributes to the general discourse function of updating information in the text world. Additionally, negation may form part of contradictory structures which, being self-contained units, do not contribute to the updating discourse function but, rather, seem to block the flow of information. The analysis of the functions of negation is framed within a broader framework of stylistic analysis, where the objective is to discuss how the foregrounded nature of negation as a recursive feature in Catch-22 may have a defamiliarizing effect. The argument put forward in this article is that negation plays a crucial role in the expression of a conflict between what is presented as real and what is presented as not real in the fictional world; this conflict, in its turn, has important consequences for the way the story develops and the way major themes of the novel are treated.

scholarly journals Psychic Trauma of Youngsters in R.K. Narayan’s The World of Nagaraj

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
Gabriel Karthick K
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Deep Insight ◽  
Psychic Trauma ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insight Into

The article examines the psychic trauma of youngsters during the crucial stage of their life. It gives a deep insight into the practical issues faced by youngsters, as explained by R.K. Narayan in his novel. It describes the complex transition of an adolescent mind into adulthood. The themes of the novel The World of Nagaraj are closely attached to real-life experiences of youngsters and also engross the psychology of young minds. The main objective is to analyze the common psychic issues of youngsters in the Indian context.

scholarly journals “Restoring the Kinship”: the Novel The Adolescent as a Prologue to the Dialogue Between Nikolay Fedorov and Fyodor Dostoevsky

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-87
Author(s):  
Anastasia G. Gacheva
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Fyodor Dostoevsky ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Common Task ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

The article is an attempt to read the novel The Adolescent in the light of the spiritual and creative dialogue between the philosopher of the common task Nikolay Fedorov and Fyodor Dostoevsky. Although The Adolescent was written and published three years before Fedorov’s student N. Peterson presented his teacher’s ideas to the writer in the article “What should a people’s school be?”, the novel can be considered as a prologue to the topic that eventually became the subject of Fedorov’s main work The question of brotherhood or kinship, about the causes of the non-fraternal, unrelated, i.e. non-peaceful, state of the world, and about the means to restore kinship. The plot of the novel is interpreted in the article through the prism of Fedorov’s themes of non-kinship and the restoration of universal kinship, the idea of returning the hearts of sons to their fathers and the fathers’ ones to their children. It is shown how the theme of “family as the practical beginning of love” is expressed in the novel.

The Difference between Lying and Misleading

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Stokke
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Conversational Implicatures ◽  
The World ◽  
Question Under Discussion ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Prosodic Focus

The notions of what is said and assertion, as relative to questions under discussion, are used to provide an account of the lying-misleading distinction. The chapter argues that utterances are sometimes interpreted relative to the so-called Big Question, roughly paraphrased by “What is the world like?” This observation is shown to account for the fact that, when conveying standard conversational implicatures, what is asserted is likewise proposed for the common ground. The chapter applies the resulting account of the lying-misleading distinction to ways of lying and misleading with incomplete predicates, possessives, presuppositions, pronouns, and prosodic focus. A formal notion of contextual questionentailment is defined which shows when it is possible to mislead with respect to a question under discussion while avoiding outright lying.

Tacit Knowledge and Discourse Analysis

2005 ◽  
pp. 2724-2729
Author(s):  
Michele Zappavigna-Lee ◽  
Jon Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
Hidden Knowledge ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Common

Much of human experience is below-view, unattended to as we operate in the world, but integral to our performance as social creatures. The tacit knowledge involved in our practice allows us the experiential agility to be at once efficient and creative, to assimilate the novel and the familiar: in essence, to develop expertise. The possessors of skilful practice, the artisan, the witchdoctor or the physician, have occupied a position of both importance and mystery in most cultures since ancient times. Our interest over the ages in such hidden knowledge has caused us to mythologise expertise, placing it beyond the common by constructing it as unspeakable. Thus, in contemporary times it is not surprising that the dominant research perspective on tacit knowledge maintains that it is ineffable, that is, tacit knowledge cannot be understood by looking at what and how people communicate verbally. Indeed the word tacit has its origins in the Latin, tacitus, meaning silent.

scholarly journals Existence and Needs: A case for the equal moral considerability of non-human animals

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Yamikani Ndasauka ◽  
Grivas M. Kayange
Keyword(s):  
Moral Status ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Hierarchy Of Needs ◽  
Abraham Maslow ◽  
Moral Considerability ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Foundation ◽  
The Common

This paper reflects on the question, “Is there a sound justification for the existential view that humans have a higher moral status than other animals?” It argues that the existential view that humans have a higher moral status than animals is founded on a weak and inconclusive foundation. While acknowledging various arguments raised for a common foundation between human and non-human animals, the paper attempts to establish a common ground for moral considerability of human and non-human animals. The first common foundation is based on the existential notion of being in the world, which is common for both human and non-human animals. The second idea is based on the common desire to actualize different needs. The paper demonstrates these common foundations by referring to Heidegger and Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.  

scholarly journals What Does a Mythopoetic Inquiry Look Like?

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Ruebsaat
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Art Making ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

A Mythopoetic Inquiry is a narrative of the imagination which creates an alternate story to the dominant story (individually or collectively). We create the story as we are living it; writing the narrative at the same time as we are reading it to ourselves and the world. Creating a vision while seeing; an imaginative vision about what is and what can be. A mythopoetic inquiry has its own logic but also needs to connect to reality. Art making (and other creative activities), can be a bridge between imagination and reality; letting the art tell the story from that liminal place between the conscious and unconscious. It is important to consider that there are practical aspects of this imagining. As humans we have a shared imagination (myths and archetypes) that is the common ground of this imagining.

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