scholarly journals DESKRIPSI TINGKAH LAKU TANGKASI ( Tarsius Spectrum ) SAAT MEMASUKI DI LUBANG SARANG POHON DI CAGAR ALAM TANGKOKO

ZOOTEC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Jemi Urulamo ◽  
H. J. Kiroh ◽  
Manopo Hendrik ◽  
J. R. Buyung
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
General Description ◽  
Grooming Behavior ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
Abstract Description ◽  
Resting Behavior ◽  
Tarsius Spectrum

ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION OF TANGKASI BEHAVIOR (Tarsius Spectrum) WHEN ENTERING THE   HOLE NEST TREE IN TANGKOKO NATURE RESERVE. Tarsier in Tangkoko Nature Reserve Batuangus many inhabit cavities in trees or root piles. Tarsier nest is a place that is safe from predators. This study aims to obtain data regarding some behavior that appears when Tarsier Tarsius activity around the nest tree at Tangkoko Nature Reserve. To determine the percentage of respective behavior that tarsiers in the show in the morning, afternoon and evening. The variables measured were some behaviors that arise between them. Grooming behavior, resting behavior, seeking shelter behavior, play behavior, data were analyzed and presented in a descriptive, which describes and explains the general description of the results of direct observations, the results showed that more Tangkasi doing grooming on morning with a percentage of 37.15%. during the day with a percentage of 31.19% early evening with a percentage of 31.19%. Tangkasi resting behavior is most prevalent during the day ie 38.70%. At night with a percentage of 32.25%, in the afternoon with 29.03% percentage. Sheltering behavior more activity in the morning with a percentage of 38.07% and the time of day with the percentage of 33.02%. While in the afternoon with a percentage of 28.89% behavior played almost evenly in each time. On the morning after finished foraging Tangkasi playing with percentage of 30, 18%, and the percentage of time during the day with 32.88% and a maximum in the late afternoon with a percentage of 37.38%. Keywords: Behavior Tangkasi (Tarsius spectrum)

scholarly journals Hippocampal clock regulates memory retrieval via Dopamine and PKA-induced GluA1 phosphorylation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Hasegawa ◽  
Hotaka Fukushima ◽  
Hiroshi Hosoda ◽  
Tatsurou Serita ◽  
Rie Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Camp Signaling ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Local Brain

AbstractCognitive performance in people varies according to time-of-day, with memory retrieval declining in the late afternoon-early evening. However, functional roles of local brain circadian clocks in memory performance remains unclear. Here, we show that hippocampal clock controlled by the circadian-dependent transcription factor BMAL1 regulates time-of-day retrieval profile. Inducible transgenic dominant negative BMAL1 (dnBMAL1) expression in mouse forebrain or hippocampus disrupted retrieval of hippocampal memories at Zeitgeber Time 8–12, independently of retention delay, encoding time and Zeitgeber entrainment cue. This altered retrieval profile was associated with downregulation of hippocampal Dopamine-cAMP signaling in dnBMAL1 mice. These changes included decreases in Dopamine Receptors (D1-R and D5-R) and GluA1-S845 phosphorylation by PKA. Consistently, pharmacological activation of cAMP-signals or D1/5Rs rescued impaired retrieval in dnBMAL1 mice. Importantly, GluA1 S845A knock-in mice showed similar retrieval deficits with dnBMAL1 mice. Our findings suggest mechanisms underlying regulation of retrieval by hippocampal clock through D1/5R-cAMP-PKA-mediated GluA1 phosphorylation.

scholarly journals Behavioral responses of Australian fur seals to boat approaches at a breeding colony

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia J. Back ◽  
Andrew J. Hoskins ◽  
Roger Kirkwood ◽  
John P.Y. Arnould
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Day ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Approach Distance ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Steep Decline ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Resting Behavior

In Australia, a multi-million-dollar industry is based on viewing the Australian fur seal (Arctocephaluspusillusdoriferus), predominantly through boat visits to breeding colonies. Regulation of boat approaches varies by site and no systematic investigations have been performed to inform management guidelines. To investigate possible effects of disturbance, experimental boat approaches were made to a colony at Kanowna Island in northern Bass Strait and seal responses were monitored using instantaneous scan sampling. Colony attendance (individuals remaining ashore) was found to be influenced by approach distance and time of day, but was not affected by environmental variables or season, whereas onshore resting behavior was influenced by approach distance, time of day, ambient temperature and wind direction. Onshore resting behavior decreased following experimental boat approaches to 75 m, but changes in abundance of individuals ashore were not observed at this distance. In contrast, approaches to 25 m elicited a strong response, with a steep decline in the number of individuals ashore. This response was strongest when approaches occurred in the morning, with a decline of approximately 47% of individuals, compared to a decline of 21% during afternoon approaches. With regard to onshore resting behavior, afternoon approaches to 75 m led to minimal response. The remaining three combinations of approach distance and time of day had a similar pattern of reductions in the proportion of individuals engaging in onshore resting behavior. The strongest response was again seen during approaches to 25 m conducted in the morning. These behavior changes suggest that unrestricted boat-based ecotourism at Australian fur seal colonies has the potential to increase energy expenditure and reduce the number of seals ashore. Increasing minimum approach distances to ≥75 m and/or restricting visits to afternoons may minimize these impacts at Kanowna Island during the post-molt and non-breeding seasons. As several studies have demonstrated considerable intra-species variation in seal responses to boat approaches, research at other colonies is needed before these findings can be generalized to the remainder of the Australian fur seal population.

scholarly journals Day and night in the subterranean: measuring daily activity patterns of subterranean rodents (Ctenomys aff. knighti) using bio-logging

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene G Jannetti ◽  
C Loren Buck ◽  
Veronica S Valentinuzzi ◽  
Gisele A Oda
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Subterranean Rodents ◽  
Monte Desert ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Desert Rodents

Abstract While most studies of the impacts of climate change have investigated shifts in the spatial distribution of organisms, temporal shifts in the time of activity is another important adjustment made by animals in a changing world. Due to the importance of light and temperature cycles in shaping activity patterns, studies of activity patterns of organisms that inhabit extreme environments with respect to the 24-hour cyclicity of Earth have the potential to provide important insights into the interrelationships among abiotic variables, behaviour and physiology. Our previous laboratory studies with Argentinean tuco-tucos from the Monte desert (Ctenomys aff. knighti) show that these subterranean rodents display circadian activity/rest rhythms that can be synchronized by artificial light/dark cycles. Direct observations indicate that tuco-tucos emerge mainly for foraging and for removal of soil from their burrows. Here we used bio-logging devices for individual, long-term recording of daily activity/rest (accelerometry) and time on surface (light-loggers) of six tuco-tucos maintained in outdoor semi-natural enclosures. Environmental variables were measured simultaneously. Activity bouts were detected both during day and night but 77% of the highest values happened during the daytime and 47% of them coincided with time on surface. Statistical analyses indicate time of day and temperature as the main environmental factors modulating time on surface. In this context, the total duration that these subterranean animals spent on surface was high during the winter, averaging 3 h per day and time on surface occurred when underground temperature was lowest. Finally, transport of these animals to the indoor laboratory and subsequent assessment of their activity rhythms under constant darkness revealed a switch in the timing of activity. Plasticity of activity timing is not uncommon among desert rodents and may be adaptive in changing environments, such as the desert where this species lives.

Perceptual Distortions and Hallucinations Reported during the Course of Sleep Deprivation

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Babkoff ◽  
Helen C. Sing ◽  
David R. Thorne ◽  
Sander G. Genser ◽  
Frederick W. Hegge
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Visual Task ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
Perceptual Distortions

Subjects worked 30 to 45 min. of each hour for either 48 ( n = 2) or 2 hr. ( n = 8) without sleep. The frequency of reported visual task-related perceptual distortions and hallucinations showed both a linear increasing component and a strong circadian component. Perceptual distortions were most frequent in the late night-early morning hours (0400) and least frequent in the late afternoon-early evening hours (1600–2000).

Mating Behaviour of the Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1087-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Dustan
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Bait Traps ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractExperiments and observations on Oriental fruit moths in cages and in a peach orchard showed that both males and females may mate more than once. The maximum recorded number of matings was 7 for males and 5 for females. Mating usually occurred in the late afternoon and early evening during the daily flight and egg-laying period. Males seldom mated oftener than once in 24 hours and they transferred only one spermatophore to the female per mating. In cages, males mated approximately 1.4 times each when confined with equal numbers of females. Of the females taken in bait traps in a peach orchard, an average of 2.9% had not mated, 78.8% had mated once, 14.6% twice, and 3.7% more than twice. The mating behaviour of the Oriental fruit moth was shown to be similar to that of the codling moth.

Optimal Time of Day and the Magnitude of Age Differences in Memory

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia P. May ◽  
Lynn Hasher ◽  
Ellen R. Stoltzfus
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Late Afternoon

Across two studies comparing younger and older adults, age differences in optimal performance periods were identified (Study 1), and then shown to be an important determinant of memory differences (Study 2). A norming study showed that while most younger adults were Evening or Neutral types, as determined by a standard questionnaire, the vast majority of older adults were Morning types. A second study compared the recognition performance of younger and older adults tested in the morning or in the late afternoon. Substantial age differences were found in the late afternoon, when younger but not older adults were at their optimal times. However, no age differences in memory performance were found in the morning, when older but not younger adults were at their peak period. Thus, synchrony between optimal performance periods and the time at which testing is conducted may well be a critical variable in determining group differences in intellectual performance, particularly between older and younger adults.

A chronic animal model of migraine, induced by repeated meningeal nociception, characterized by a behavioral and pharmacological approach

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (13) ◽  
pp. 1096-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustin Melo-Carrillo ◽  
Alberto Lopez-Avila
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Grooming Behavior ◽  
Principal Characteristics ◽  
Unilateral Headache ◽  
Meningeal Nociception ◽  
Resting Behavior ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Background Migraine is a chronic neurovascular disease characterized by recurrent unilateral headache, which induces incapacity. Despite all the progress that migraine research has provided, the neural mechanisms underlying the onset and maintenance of migraine attacks are poorly understood. Due to the complex characteristics of the disorder, it is difficult to develop a proper animal model that mimics all the clinical manifestations in humans. Objective Taking into account the principal characteristics of the disease, the aim of this study is to develop a chronic animal model of migraine in which we can reproduce behavioral and pharmacological phenomena similar to those displayed by migraineurs. Results Our animal model displayed behavioral and pharmacological results similar to those experienced by migraineurs. Specifically, there was a decrease in routine physical activity and an increase in resting behavior. Also, the animals exhibited a novel behavior that we called ipsilateral facial grooming behavior provoked by the meningeal nociception. Moreover, one of the drugs used as treatment for migraine reduced the manifestations previously described. Our results determine that the model mimics many of the clinical features that patients exhibit during migraine attacks. This model can contribute to further understanding of the pathophysiology and the study of novel therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Activity patterns and feeding behaviour of hyrax (Procavia capensis) in the Mountain Zebra National Park

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
L. J. Fourie ◽  
I. G. Horak ◽  
M. R. Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
National Park ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Extended Time ◽  
Behavioural Thermoregulation ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Inactive Phase ◽  
Procavia Capensis

The activity patterns of marked hyrax in the Mountain Zebra National Park were quantified by direct observations. Extended periods are spent on basking during winter (6,8 h) and summer (5,3 h) respectively. At least 80 % of each day is spent in an inactive phase. The more extended time spent on movement and time spent within refuges during summer (0,4 and 2,7 h), compared to winter (0,2 and 0,9 h), can possibly be interpreted in terms of behavioural thermoregulation. Distinct differences between the feeding behaviour of juveniles (< 6 months) and older hyrax were observed. Foraging of juveniles was limited to a distance of 40 m or less from refuges and took place under the surveilance of adults. Foraging of older hyrax frequently occurred for extended distances (up to 500 m) from refuges. These hyrax frequently visited riparian thickets. Foraging excursions of individual hyrax lasted for 0,5 - 8 h. The reported early and late afternoon group feeding sessions for hyrax older than 5 months could not be confirmed.

scholarly journals Double?Layer Phenomena in the Es Region

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 574 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
Constant Height

At Brisbane, ionospheric records are frequently made which show the simultaneous presence of two types of Es ionization, one at greater virtual range than the other; these have been classified by McNicol and Gipps (1951) as "sequential" type (Ess), and "constant-height" type (Esc), respectively. Such records occur most frequently in the late afternoon and early evening, particularly in summer, when Ess is in its last stages and Esc is building up to its maximum intensity (Thomas 1956).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document