scholarly journals Diversity of Coral Genus Scleractinia in Tidung Island Waters, Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Jouvan Randy Ekel ◽  
Indri Shelovita Manembu ◽  
Hermanto Wem Kling Manengkey ◽  
Kakaskasen Andreas Roeroe ◽  
Medy Ompi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Coral Growth ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Coral Genus ◽  
Rock Mining ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Line Intercept

Coral reefs are one of the most productive and diverse ecosystems on earth and provide ecosystem services. One of the islands of the Seribu Islands that has a coral reef ecosystem is Tidung Island. It is strategic and developing location makes this island used as a residential area, conservation area, and tourist destination. But the utilization has an impact on the damage of coral reefs through environmental and anthropogenic pressures. This study aims to determine coral diversity by identifying the coral genus Scleractinia and the factors that affect coral diversity. Observations were done on three different stations include 2 snorkeling areas and 1 natural area. The method used is LIT (Line Intercept Transect) and coral genus identification with Coral Finder Toolkit Indo Pacific 3.0. The results of identification obtained 16 coral genera namely genus Acropora, Montipora, Isopora, Favites, Leptastrea, Favia, Goniastrea, Montastrea, Platygyra, Echinopora, Porites, Pocillopora, Stylophora, Ctenactis, Pavona, dan Symphyllia, with the value of Diversity Index (H') in the waters of Tidung Island ranges from 0.94 – 2.34  in the category of low to moderate diversity. The parameters of water quality in Tidung Island, temperature, salinity, and acidity (pH) are relatively good for coral growth, but brightness is still relatively poor for coral growth. The impact of human activities such as snorkeling, ship anchors, fishing with destroyers, oil and waste pollution, and rock mining are factors that affect coral growth and diversity.Keywords: Coral Scleractinia; Limiting Factors; Coral Finder; Tidung IslandAbstrakTerumbu karang adalah salah satu ekosistem yang paling produktif dan beragam di bumi serta menyediakan jasa ekosistem. Salah satu pulau dari gugusan Kepulauan Seribu yang memiliki ekosistem terumbu karang yaitu Pulau Tidung. Letaknya yang strategis dan berkembang menjadikan pulau ini dimanfaatkan sebagai kawasan permukiman, daerah konservasi, dan kawasan tujuan wisata. Namun dari pemanfaatan tersebut memberikan dampak terhadap kerusakan pada terumbu karang melalui tekanan-tekanan lingkungan maupun antropogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman karang dengan mengidentifikasi genus karang Scleractinia dan faktor yang mempengaruhi keanekaragaman karang. Pengamatan di tiga stasiun berbeda yaitu di antaranya 2 kawasan wisata snorkeling, dan 1 kawasan yang masih alami. Metode yang digunakan yaitu LIT (Line Intercept Transect) dan identifikasi genus karang dengan Coral Finder Toolkit Indo Pasific 3.0. Hasil identifikasi didapatkan 16 genus karang yaitu genus Acropora, Montipora, Isopora, Favites, Leptastrea, Favia, Goniastrea, Montastrea, Platygyra, Echinopora, Porites, Pocillopora, Stylophora, Ctenactis, Pavona, dan Symphyllia, dengan nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) di perairan Pulau Tidung berkisar 0,94 – 2,34 berada pada kategori keanekaragaman rendah hingga sedang. Parameter kualitas perairan di Pulau Tidung, suhu, salinitas, dan derajat keasaman (pH) tergolong baik bagi pertumbuhan karang, namun kecerahan masih tergolong kurang baik bagi pertumbuhan karang. Dampak aktivitas manusia seperti snorkeling, jangkar kapal, penangkapan ikan dengan alat perusak, pencemaran minyak dan sampah, serta penambangan batu karang menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan keanekaragaman karang.

scholarly journals The Impact of Coral Conditions on the Structure of the Megabenthos Community Associated with the Coral Reefs of the Spermonde Islands

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
K.P. Beatrix Tatipata ◽  
Supriadi Mashoreng
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Sea Waves ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Check Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Line Intercept

Coral reefs are organisms that live on the bottom of the waters and are in the form of limestone (CaCO3) which is strong against sea waves so that it can prevent coastal erosion and is also a place for various types of animals associated with coral reef ecosystems that utilize coral polyps. as his food. Mega-benthos are biota / organisms with a size of more than 1 cm that live on or in the seabed, including the sticking, creeping and burrowing biota that is visible with the camera. The research was conducted using the Line Intercept Transect Method and the Benthos Reef Check Method. The results showed that the highest percentage of live coral cover was found on Badi Island 71.46% (Good coral condition category), the moderate coral condition category was represented by Kapoposang Island (46.02%) and the bad coral condition category was represented by Ballanglompo Island ( 7.92%). The highest diversity of species (H ') Mega-benthos is at station 3 (Badi Island) with the value of H' = 2.528 while the lowest is at station IV (Lumu-lumu Island) with the value of H '= 0.6365. So that the category of the megabenthos species diversity index in the research location can be said to be in the low to moderate category.

scholarly journals Dampak Kegiatan Pariwisata terhadap Status Tutupan Terumbu Karang dan Valuasi Ekonomi di Kepulauan Karimunjawa The Impact of Tourism Activities on The Status of Coral Reef Cover and Economic Valuation in Karimunjawa Island

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Ary Hendri Pribadi ◽  
Suryanti Suryanti ◽  
Churun Ain
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Line Intercept

ABSTRAK Pulau Karimunjawa adalah salah satu objek destinasi wisata keindahan ekosistem terumbu karang. Kunjungan wisatawan di Karimunjawa dapat berdampak pada terumbu karang dan nilai ekonomi pariwisata. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada April-Mei 2019 di Kepulauan Karimunjawa, Kabupaten Jepara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak pariwisata terhadap nilai status tutupan terumbu karang dengan menggunakan metode Line Intercept Transect (LIT) di Pulau Tanjung Gelam, Pulau Menjangan Besar dan Pulau Cemara Kecil serta nilai valuasi ekonomi pariwisata dengan menggunakan metode biaya perjalanan atau Travel Cost Method (TCM). Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini yaitu jumlah kunjungan wisatawan yang datang ke Pulau Karimunjawa meningkat sejak tahun 2016 hingga tahun 2018. Kondisi status tutupan terumbu karang yang diperoleh dalam kondisi baik dengan nilai karang hidup yang didapatkan pada Pulau Tanjung Gelam 61,6%, Pulau Menjangan Besar 70,8% dan Pulau Cemara Kecil 57,3%. Luasan terumbu karang pada tahun 2016 hingga tahun 2018 di Pulau Mejangan Besar dan Cemara Kecil mengalami penurunan. Sedangkan nilai valuasi ekonomi tahun 2016 sejumlah Rp.125.426.860,- 2017 dan 2018 sejumlah Rp.135.437.480,- dan Rp.156.932.039,-. Dampak wisatawan yang berkunjung tahun 2016-2018 pada valuasi ekonominya tiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan. Hasil nilai valuasi ekonomi yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini,nilai rata-rata TCM pada wilayah Kabupaten Jepara Rp.1.111.023,- dan nilai ekonomi pertahunnya Rp.3.369.031.988,-. Rata-rata biaya perjalanan luar wilayah Kabupaten Jepara Rp.1.146.314,- dan nilai biaya pertahunnya Rp.12.324.171.938,-. Nilai total valuasi ekonomi dari dalam wilayah Kabupaten Jepara dan luar wilayah Kabupaten Jepara yaitu Rp.156.693.203.925,-. ABSTRACT Karimunjawa Island is one of the tourist destinations of the beauty of the coral reef ecosystem. Tourist visits in Karimunjawa can have an impact on coral reefs and the economic value of tourism. This research was conducted in April-May 2019 in the Karimunjawa Islands, Jepara Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of tourism on the status of coral cover status using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method on Tanjung Gelam Island, Menjangan Besar Island and Cemara Kecil Island and the economic valuation value of tourism using the travel cost method or the Travel Cost Method ( TCM). The results obtained from this study are the number of tourist arrivals to Karimunjawa Island increased from 2016 to 2018. The status of coral cover status obtained in good condition with the value of live coral obtained on Pulau Tanjung Gelam 61.6%; Pulau Menjangan Besar 70.8% and Pulau Cemara Kecil 57.3%. The extent of coral reefs in 2016 to 2018 on Pulau Mejangan Besar and Pulau Cemara Kecil declined. While the value of economic valuations in 2016 amounted to Idr.125,426,860,- 2017 and 2018 amounted to Idr.135,437,480,- and Idr.156,932,039,-. The impact of tourists visiting 2016-2018 on their economic valuations has increased each year. The results of the economic valuation obtained in this study, the average value of TCM in the Jepara Regency region is Idr.1,111,023, and the annual economic value is Idr.3,369,031,988. The average cost of trips outside the area of Jepara Regency is Idr.1,146,314, and the annual cost is Idr.12,321,171,938. The total value of economic valuations from within the Jepara Regency and outside the Jepara Regency is Idr.156,693,203,925. 

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF SEAWEED FARMING ON THE PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Parman Parakkasi ◽  
Chair Rani ◽  
Rajuddin Syamsuddin ◽  
Rahmadi Tambaru
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Sandy Bottom ◽  
Seaweed Farming ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
The Impact

This study was aimed to analyze the impact of seaweed farming on changes in the structure of phytoplankton communities on various ecosystems and their relationship with environmental factors. The study was conducted in May-October 2017 in the waters of Karampuang Island, Mamuju Regency. Plankton samples were collectedfromthreecultivationareas, namely areas with sandy bottom (control), seagrass beds, and coral reefs. In each area, three media were placed with a longline system, size 40 x 30 m2 (as replication). Sampling was carried out at the beginning before initiation of the cultivation and every two weeks after cultivation was started for 42 days. Phytoplankton sampling and measurement of environmental factors were carried out at fivesamplingpoints representing the cultivation areas. In sandy areas, sampling was also applied in areas outside the cultivation at a distance of 25m and 50m. Variance analysis was used to analyze differences in the species number and abundance of phytoplankton. Ecological indices was used to test phytoplankton biodiversity. PCA was used to analyze its relationship with environmental factors. Differences in the species number and abundance of phytoplankton between farming areas according to temporal scale were found. The high number and speciesabundance of phytoplankton were found in seagrass areas and significantly different from coral reefs and sandy area. Seaweed farming at the beginning of the farming period showed a positive impact by increasing the number of species and abundance of phytoplankton, but then decreased after entering Week 4-Week 6, along with the occurrence of ice-ice disease on the seaweed. Diversity index value was classified as medium with high equality without the dominance of particular species. The high number of species and abundance of phytoplankton occured at second weeks in all cultivation areas which are characterized by abundance of zooplankton with environmental characteristics, i.e. high DO and low PO4, NO3, andDOM.

scholarly journals Community Structure And Condition Of Coral Reefs In Poopoh Village Waters, Tombariri District, Minahasa Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Marselo R. Manzanaris ◽  
Ari B. Rondonuwu ◽  
Silvester B. Pratasik
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Reef Management ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Coral Reef Management ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Line Intercept

This study aims to provide information about coral reefs condition in Poopoh waters and as input For related stakeholders for future coral reef management and conservation. Data sampling employed SCUBA gear with Line Intercept Transect (LIT) at 3 M and 10 M depth. It used 30 M-transect line and each depth was laid 3 transects.Results showed that the highest number of hard coral colonies at 3 M depth was found in branching coral and the lowest in ACD, while at 10 M depth, the highest number of colonies was recorded in CMR and the lowest in ACB.  Based on percent cover, it was found that the depth of 3 M had moderate coral condition, while the depth of 10 M had poor condition. Both depths had low diversity index, high eveneness index, and low dominance index.Key words: coral reef condition,  percent cover, diversity, evenness, dominance.  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi tentang kondisi terumbu karang di perairan Desa Poopoh sebagai masukan bagi pihak-pihak terkait untuk pengelolaan dan pelestarian terumbu karang di masa mendatang.Pengambilan data terumbu karang menggunakan alat SCUBA dengan metode LIT (Line Intercept Transek) pada kedalaman 3 M dan 10 M. Penelitian in menggunakan 30 M panjang  transek, dan masing-masing kedalaman ditempatkan 3 transek.Jumlah koloni karang batu terbanyak di kedalaman 3 meter ditemukan pada jenis karang bercabang (CB), 4,33 koloni dan jumlah koloni terendah pada ACD, sedangkan pada kedalaman 10 M, koloni terbanyak ditemukan CMR dan terendah pada ACB.  Berdasarkan persentase tutupan, ditemukan bahwa kedalaman 3 meter memiliki kondisi terumbu karang sedang, sedangkan kedalaman 10 M memiliki kondisi terumbu karang buruk. Kedua kedalaman memiliki indeks keanekaragaman (H’) rendah, indeks kemerataan tinggi, dan indeks dominasi tergolong rendah.Kata kunci: kondisi terumbu karang, persen tutupan, keragaman, pemerataan, dominasi.

Harmonisasi terhadap Peraturan Daerah No. 14 Tahun 2006 tentang Pengelolaan Pelestarian Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah dalam Perlindungan Pulau Pariwisata Kabupaten Indramayu

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Saiful Kholik ◽  
Imas Khaeriyah
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Inconsistency Regional Regulation No.14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, which Cendekian provides protection but in fact failed to provide protection as evidenced by dredging island sandbar and cendekian conducted PT.Pertamina UP VI Balongan INDRAMAYU. The problem in this research How Formulation Policy Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian And How Harmonization Act No. 10 of 2009 with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding formulation Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian, the purpose of this research to understand and analyze the extent to which policy The findings of the community or field of law local governments about the environmental damage done by companies or individuals are not equal accordance with regional regulations in force, nor the Law in force so that the function of law in society indramayu not fit the mandate to establish a change and justice based Formulation public corporate criminal liability.Inskonsitensi happens to local regulation No.14 of 2006 makes no harmonized with the regulations of each other so that the impact of this inskonsistensi makes the sector particularly environmental law enforcement get uncertainties that result in coastal communities Indramayau.Conclusion Harmonization of regulations of the center and regions delivering the policy formulation of the rule of law area to comply with the regulations above in order to avoid inconsistency, the occurrence of this inconsistency resulted in the rule of law and justice for the indramayu, suggestion that the government should was nearly revise regulations related area, especially the government must dare to take action to give effect to the perpetrator deterrent effect rule-based running as well as possible.

scholarly journals Assessing population collapse of Drupella spp. (Mollusca: Gastropoda) 2 years after a coral bleaching event in the Republic of Maldives

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Saponari ◽  
I. Dehnert ◽  
P. Galli ◽  
S. Montano
Keyword(s):  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Bleaching Event ◽  
Coral Recovery ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Line Intercept

AbstractCorallivory causes considerable damage to coral reefs and can exacerbate other disturbances. Among coral predators, Drupella spp. are considered as delayer of coral recovery in the Republic of Maldives, although little information is available on their ecology. Thus, we aimed to assess their population structure, feeding behaviour and spatial distribution around 2 years after a coral bleaching event in 2016. Biological and environmental data were collected using belt and line intercept transects in six shallow reefs in Maldives. The snails occurred in aggregations with a maximum of 62 individuals and exhibited a preference for branching corals. Yet, the gastropods showed a high plasticity in adapting feeding preferences to prey availability. Drupella spp. were homogenously distributed in the study area with an average of 9.04 ± 19.72 ind/200 m2. However, their occurrence was significantly different at the reef scale with the highest densities found in locations with higher coral cover. The impact of Drupella spp. appeared to be minimal with the population suffering from the loss of coral cover. We suggest that monitoring programs collect temporal- and spatial-scale data on non-outbreaking populations or non-aggregating populations to understand the dynamics of predation related to the co-occurrence of anthropogenic and natural impacts.

scholarly journals Multi-domain probiotic consortium as an alternative to chemical remediation of oil spills at coral reefs and adjacent sites

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise P. Silva ◽  
Helena D. M. Villela ◽  
Henrique F. Santos ◽  
Gustavo A. S. Duarte ◽  
José Roberto Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Corexit 9500 ◽  
Coral Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Beginning in the last century, coral reefs have suffered the consequences of anthropogenic activities, including oil contamination. Chemical remediation methods, such as dispersants, can cause substantial harm to corals and reduce their resilience to stressors. To evaluate the impacts of oil contamination and find potential alternative solutions to chemical dispersants, we conducted a mesocosm experiment with the fire coral Millepora alcicornis, which is sensitive to environmental changes. We exposed M. alcicornis to a realistic oil-spill scenario in which we applied an innovative multi-domain bioremediator consortium (bacteria, filamentous fungi, and yeast) and a chemical dispersant (Corexit® 9500, one of the most widely used dispersants), to assess the effects on host health and host-associated microbial communities. Results The selected multi-domain microbial consortium helped to mitigate the impacts of the oil, substantially degrading the polycyclic aromatic and n-alkane fractions and maintaining the physiological integrity of the corals. Exposure to Corexit 9500 negatively impacted the host physiology and altered the coral-associated microbial community. After exposure, the abundances of certain bacterial genera such as Rugeria and Roseovarius increased, as previously reported in stressed or diseased corals. We also identified several bioindicators of Corexit 9500 in the microbiome. The impact of Corexit 9500 on the coral health and microbial community was far greater than oil alone, killing corals after only 4 days of exposure in the flow-through system. In the treatments with Corexit 9500, the action of the bioremediator consortium could not be observed directly because of the extreme toxicity of the dispersant to M. alcicornis and its associated microbiome. Conclusions Our results emphasize the importance of investigating the host-associated microbiome in order to detect and mitigate the effects of oil contamination on corals and the potential role of microbial mitigation and bioindicators as conservation tools. Chemical dispersants were far more damaging to corals and their associated microbiome than oil, and should not be used close to coral reefs. This study can aid in decision-making to minimize the negative effects of oil and dispersants on coral reefs.

scholarly journals STATUS TERUMBU KARANG DI PERAIRAN PESISIR NEGERI HUKURILA

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Dicky Sahetapy ◽  
Laura Siahainenia ◽  
Debby A J Selanno ◽  
Johannes M S Tetelepta ◽  
Novianty C Tuhumury
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Stony Coral ◽  
The Status ◽  
Coral Communities ◽  
Line Intercept

Coral reef is one of the important coastal ecosystems that have high biodiversity. This study aims to analyze the composition of the taxa and the distribution of coral species, the ecological index of coral communities and the status of coral reefs. The research was conducted from April-May 2019 in the coastal waters of Hukurila Village, South Leitimur District, Ambon City. Collecting coral data by using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. Determination of coral reef condition based on percent data (value) of coral reef cover. During the study, 116 species of stony coral from 49 genera and 16 families were found, which 50 species of them are protected and 23 species of ornamental coral. The similarity index of stony coral species between coral reef locations ranges from 0.52-0.76 or there is the similarity of stony coral species between locations coral reef in the amount of 52-76%. The coral reefs of Hukurila Village have high diversity of coral species, with a low dominance of coral species in the community, and the compatibility of coral species in the community is classified as stable. Acropora corals contributed a low covering percent value (9.98%), while Non-Acropora corals contributed a relatively high percent of covering value (43.56%). The status of coral reefs between locations in the coastal waters of Hukurila Village is in the criteria of good (healthy).   ABSTRAK Terumbu karang merupakan salah satu ekosistem pesisir penting yang emiliki kenanekaragaman hayati tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi taksa dan sebaran spesies karang, indeks ekologi kominitas karang dan status terumbu karang. Penelitian dilakukan dari April-Mei 2019 di perairan pesisir Negeri Hukurila Kecamatan Leitimur Selatan Kota Ambon. Pengumpulan data karang menggunakan metode Line Intercept Transect (LIT). Penentuan kondisi terumbu karang berdasarkan data (nilai) persen penutupan karang batu. Selama penelitian ditemukan 116 spesies karang batu dari 49 genera dan 16 famili, dimana 50 spesies diantaranya dilindungi dan 23 spesies karang hias. Indeks similaritas spesies karang batu antar stasiun terumbu karang berkisar antara 0,52-0,76 atau terdapat kesamaan spesies karang batu antar lokasi terumbu karang sebesar 52-76%. Terumbu karang Negeri Hukurila memiliki diversitas spesies karang tinggi, dengan dominansi spesies karang rendah dalam komunitas, dan keserasian spesies karang dalam komunitas tergolong stabil. Karang Acropora memberi kontribusi nilai persen penutupan rendah (9,98%), sementara karang Non-Acropora memberi kontribusi nilai persen penutupan karang batu relatif tinggi (43,56%). Status terumbu karang antar stasiun terumbu perairan pesisir Negeri Hukurila berada dalam kriteria baik (sehat).   Kata kunci: terumbu, karang batu, keragaman spesies, kesamaan, persen penutupan

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