scholarly journals CELLULOSE NANOMATERIALS IN TEXTILE APPLICATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 725-741
Author(s):  
ANDREA CRISTIANE KRAUSE BIERHALZ
Keyword(s):  
Dye Removal ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
Solution Spinning ◽  
Textile Finishing ◽  
Cellulose Nanomaterials ◽  
Efficient Adsorbent ◽  
Maximum Removal

Nanocellulose (NCC) has attracted increasing attention for use in several applications owing to its impressive strength-to-weight ratio, ease of functionalization, and apparent biocompatibility. In the nanocomposite textile field, NCC has exhibited outstanding potential for reinforced fibers, especially fibers processed by solution spinning. Continuous NCC fibers with high modulus and strength can be obtained, while preserving the cellulose I crystal structure. Owing to the various possibilities of surface modification, NCC is an efficient adsorbent of cationic and anionic textile dyes, as it reaches maximum removal capacities comparable to those of commercial adsorbents. In dyeing, NCC contributes in improving dye fixation and reducing the consumption of chemicals and water. In this review, recent studies on the applications of NCC in the textile field are discussed. The main methods, advances and limitations, regarding the NCC applications for fiber reinforcement of water-soluble and insoluble materials, dye removal and textile finishing, are presented.

Adsorption and Catalysis of Orange II from Wastewater by Inorganic-Organic-Bentonite

2011 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Ma ◽  
Jian Ming Yu ◽  
Bing Ying Cui ◽  
Ding Long Li ◽  
Juan Dai
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Orange Ii ◽  
Acid Dye ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Organic Bentonite ◽  
Maximum Removal

Inorganic-organic-bentonite was synthesized by modification of bentonite by Hydroxy-iron and surfactant, which could be applied in dye removal by adsorption and catalysis. The removal of acid dye Orange II was studied at various factors such as time and pH of solution. The results showed that the inorganic-organic-bentonite could efficiently remove the dye with efficiency of 96.22%. The maximum adsorption capacity is 76 mg/g. The pH of solution has significant effect on both adsorption and catalysis. When pH was 4, the maximum removal efficiency of adsorption and catalysis were 97.57% and 87.23%, respectively. After degradation, the secondary pollution was diminished and the bentonite could be reused.

scholarly journals Sulfobetaine Cryogels for Preferential Adsorption of Methyl Orange from Mixed Dye Solutions

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Ramona B. J. Ihlenburg ◽  
Anne-Catherine Lehnen ◽  
Joachim Koetz ◽  
Andreas Taubert
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Preferential Adsorption ◽  
Dimethyl Ammonium ◽  
Dye Solutions

New cryogels for selective dye removal from aqueous solution were prepared by free radical polymerization from the highly water-soluble crosslinker N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyl-N,N’-bis(2-ethylmethacrylate)-propyl-1,3-diammonium dibromide and the sulfobetaine monomer 2-(N-3-sulfopropyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium)ethyl methacrylate. The resulting white and opaque cryogels have micrometer sized pores with a smaller substructure. They adsorb methyl orange (MO) but not methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Mixtures of MO and MB can be separated through selective adsorption of the MO to the cryogels while the MB remains in solution. The resulting cryogels are thus candidates for the removal of hazardous organic substances, as exemplified by MO and MB, from water. Clearly, it is possible that the cryogels are also potentially interesting for removal of other compounds such as pharmaceuticals or pesticides, but this must be investigated further.

scholarly journals Use of anaesthetic agents in farmed fish

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
H. TSANTILAS (Η. ΤΣΑΝΤΗΛΑΣ) ◽  
A. D. GALATOS (Α. Δ. ΓΑΛΑΤΟΣ) ◽  
F. ATHANASSOPOULOU (ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Φ.)
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Health State ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Rapid Action ◽  
Artificial Breeding ◽  
The Usa

Anaesthetic agents are routinely used in farmed fish to permit the performance of painful procedures, ease handling and reduce stress during grading, tagging, transport, blood sampling, artificial breeding and vaccination of fish. An ideal anaesthetic for fish should induce anaesthesia rapidly, allow a rapid recovery, be safe to both fish and user, leave low tissue residues and be inexpensive and easy to use. A variety of factors, including species, size, body weight, gill surface area to body weight ratio, lipid content, sex, sexual maturity, physical condition and health state of the fish, as well as temperature, pH, salinity and oxygen and mineral content of the water may affect the anaesthetic process in fish. The most commonly used anaesthetics are tricaine, benzocaine, phenoxyethanol, quinaldine, quinate, clove oil and metomidate. Tricaine is the only anaesthetic licensed for farmed fish use in the USA. It is easy to use and safe, but also expensive. Benzocaine is cheaper, but poorly water-soluble and has to be prepared in either ethanol or acetone. Phenoxyethanol is considered by most fish farmers as the anaesthetic of choice for farmed fish, because of its easy preparation, low price, rapid action and bactericidal and fungicidal properties. Quin aldine and quinate are effective and easy to use anaesthetic agents, however, a number of adverse effects have been reported to both fish and users. The active ingredients of clove oil are eugenol and isoeugenol and have been introduced only recently as fish anaesthetics. Apart from being inexpensive and easy to use, clove oil has also bactericidal and fungicidal properties. Metomidate may have a certain advantage as it probably evokes a less severe stress response in fish than the other anaesthetic agents.

One water-stable magnetic coordination polymer material (Fe3O4@PmPD–[Co-BT]) as an efficient adsorbent for rapid dye removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (47) ◽  
pp. 20626-20633
Author(s):  
Lulu Wang ◽  
Ziwen Lu ◽  
Chuanbin Fan ◽  
Ziao Zong ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Polymer Material ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Efficient Adsorbent

Benefiting from the framework, Fe3O4@PmPD–[Co-BT] has an excellent effect of removing CR from wastewater, and the adsorption capacity was 347.8 mg g−1.

Preparation and swelling behaviour of a novel anti-salt superabsorbent hydrogel based on kappa-carrageenan and sodium alginate grafted with polyacrylamide

e-Polymers ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Pourjavadi ◽  
Hossein Ghasemzadeh ◽  
Hossein Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Homogeneous Solution ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Swelling Kinetics ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Superabsorbent Hydrogel ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Kappa Carrageenan

Abstract A novel superabsorbent hydrogel was synthesized via crosslinking graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) onto kappa-carrageenan (κC) and sodium alginate (Na-Alg) backbones in a homogeneous solution. Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and potassium persulfate (KPS) were applied as water-soluble crosslinker and initiator, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy was used for confirming the structure of the final product. A mechanism for superabsorbent hydrogel formation was also suggested. The parameters affecting the swelling capacity of the synthesized hydrogel, i.e., κC-Alg weight ratio, concentration of AAm, MBA and KPS, as well as reaction temperature were systematically optimized for obtaining maximum absorbency. The swelling capacity of hydrogels was also measured in various salt solutions (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, and AlCl3). Due to their high swelling ability in salt solutions, the hydrogels may be referred to as ‘anti-salt superabsorbent’ polymers. The overall activation energy for the graft copolymerization reaction was found to be 374 kJ/mol. The swelling kinetics of the hydrogels in distilled water and in saline solution (0.9 wt.-% NaCl) was investigated.

scholarly journals Removal Efficiency and Mechanism of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution by Maize Straw Biochars Derived at Different Pyrolysis Temperatures

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Lv
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Efficient Adsorbent ◽  
Positively Charged ◽  
Maximum Removal

The removal efficiency and mechanism of Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution on semi-decomposed maize straw biochars pyrolyzed at 300 to 600 °C were investigated. The removal of Cr(VI) by the biochars decreased with pyrolysis temperature increasing from 300 to 600 °C, and the maximum removal capacity of Cr(VI) for maize straw biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C was 91 mg/g at pH 2.0. The percentage removal of Cr(VI) rapidly decreased with pH increasing from 2.0 to 8.0, with the maximum (>99.9%) at pH 2.0. The variation of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) concentrations in the solution after reaction showed that Cr(VI) concentration decreased while Cr(III) increased and the equilibrium was reached after 48 h, while the redox potential after reaction decreased due to Cr(VI) reduction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) semi-quantitative analysis showed that Cr(III) accounted for 75.7% of the total Cr bound to maize straw biochar, which indicated reductive adsorption was responsible for Cr(VI) removal by the biochars. Cr(VI) was firstly adsorbed onto the positively charged biochar surface and reduced to Cr(III) by electrons provided by oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., C=O), and subsequently part of the converted Cr(III) remained on the biochar surface and the rest released into solution. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data indicated the participation of C=O, Si–O, –CH2 and –CH3 groups in Cr(VI) removal by the biochars. This study showed that maize straw biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C for 2 h was one low-cost and efficient adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Development of Glass/Jute Fibers Reinforced Polyester Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Bindal ◽  
Satnam Singh ◽  
N. K. Batra ◽  
Rajesh Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Engineering Material ◽  
Jute Fibers ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Polyester Composites ◽  
Day By Day

Composites play significant role as engineering material and their use has been increasing day by day due to their specific properties such as high strength to weight ratios, high modulus to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance. In present work, an attempt is made to hybridize the material using synthetic (glass) as well as natural fibres (chemically treated jute), such that to reduce the overall use of synthetic reinforcement, to reduce the overall cost, and to enhance the mechanical properties. All composite specimens with different weight percentages of fibres were manufactured using hand lay-up process and testing was done by using ASTM standards. Experimental results revealed that hybridization of composite with natural and synthetic fibres shows enhanced tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength. The content of natural reinforcement was found to be in the range of 25–33.3% for best results. The effect of treated jute on flexural properties was more than that on tensile properties, which was due to greater stiffness of jute fibers. Chemical treatment of jute fibers lowers the water absorption and results were comparable to glass fiber reinforced polyester composites. The addition of jute also reduced the overall cost by 22.18%.

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