scholarly journals The concept of bovarism illustrated by a postmodern prototype: Gheorghe Crăciun’s Pupa russa

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Bianca-Maria Bucur Tincu
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Real World ◽  
Critical Angle ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Thematic Approach ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper aims to illustrate the concept of bovarism as defined by Jules de Gaultier at the end of the 19th century, as illustrated by Pupa russa, a postmodernist novel written by Gheorghe Crăciun. The thematic approach evinced by the Romanian author is challenging its readership because it follows a rhizomatic literary narration that also encapsulates a historical dimension. The focus of the analysis is on the similarities and differences between Crăciun’s and Flaubert’s protagonists, Leontina Guran and Emma Bovary, and on the fascination and importance of the bovaristic trajectory, with its implications and dimensions. This critical angle unveils the novel’s message, as well as a heightened sense of awareness with regard to the realities of personal actions against the background of the communist regime.   The condition of the human being implies both outer and inner growth, yet there are several factors such as the societal conditions one is subjected to that can irrevocably change the future “I”. The episodes presenting LeonTina’s life are key elements, nodes of connections accessed by an objective and realistic eye. Therefore, all the observations are intended to clarify, to reveal the meanings and to outline the inner effects produced by a circular, closed social environment and how one can or cannot find one’s true way. The innate impulse of “becoming someone” can very easily be perceived as “becoming someone else”. Thus, the present critical approach is highly relevant to contemporary readers. The apparent freedom possessed by everyone in present times entails responsibility as well as danger. The present comparison is an example shedding light on some issues regarding bovaristic behaviour, which is more and more apparent in the real world.  

scholarly journals Vom historischen Erbe zur selbstbestimmten Sprach(en)politik? Literarische Mehrsprachigkeit in Litauen und Lettland

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Natalia Blum-Barth
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Historical Legacy ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Russian Language

From Historical Legacy to Self-Determined Language(s) Policy? Literary Multilingualism in Lithuania and Latvia. The first part of this article looks at Soviet language(s) policy. Two further parts discuss language(s) policy and literary multilingualism in Lithuania and Latvia. The aim is not to provide a differentiated investigation, but to show similarities and differences as well as tendencies in the language(s) politics of the two states from the 19th century to the present in the mirror of literature and to explain them using case studies. In the fourth, concluding part, literary translation is highlighted as one of the formats for implementing multilingualism outside the text with particular focus on the consultative function of the Russian language.

19th and 20th century theories of case

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 123-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Cienki
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Cognitive Representation ◽  
Spatial Expressions ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

Summary This article considers the similarities and differences between two types of semantically-based approaches to the study of grammatical case. One approach, which views the basic meanings of cases as spatial, stems from the localist hypothesis, which claims that spatial expressions serve as structural templates for other expressions. This view was most strongly espoused by certain German linguists in the 19th century, but has found support in the 20th century as well. The range of localist theories of case and the extent of the claims made by different localists are considered. These are compared and contrasted with contemporary approaches subsumed under the banner of ‘cognitive linguistics’. Research in this vein has focussed on the role of spatial notions in the semantics of case, but within a broader framework of human conceptualization. According to this view, space is only one of several domains which are basic to cognitive representation.

scholarly journals Topic Modeling and Analysis: Comparing the Most Common Topics in 19th-Century Novels Written by Female Writers

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Rha ◽  
Sean Silver
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Topic Model ◽  
Social Critique ◽  
College Courses ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Women Authors ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
19Th Century Literature ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
The 19Th Century

Women authors from the 19th-century have had a profound impact on the literary world due to their critical approach to and inclusion of various so-cial phenomena within their work, such as women's rights, sexuality, and human psychology. This paper seeks to contribute to the discussion by quantifying thematic similarities in eight select novels by various female authors of the 19th-century. These novels were chosen due to their contribution to literature and their popularity, common use in college courses around the world, and the prominence of the female authors. This study included utilizing a programming environment known as R Studio to perform a topic model. Performing a topic model allowed for the discernment of ten main themes or topics that can be generally seen across all eight selected novels, and by extension, 19th-century literature by female authors. The research found initial evidence to sup-port the general understanding of said literature as an endeavor of the themes of social critique and in-dividual consciousness; however, the results were not absolute in conclusion because of the limited size of the corpus. A larger corpus of documents (novels) is necessary to reach further conclusions.

scholarly journals Restoring a Man

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Andrzej Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Face ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract We lost a man - a person always rational, always free and gifted with the soul. We lost a man mainly in the space of language. Instead of a human is “individual” - a measure. This process has already accelerated in the second half of the 19th century. There is no human being anymore, there are individuals with a definable quality, and to segregate and destroy those who do not correspond to the desired image. Also in globally meant social aid. There is a need to go back to seeing the face of each human. Restore everyone.

Podróżniczki wobec Innego. Rasa w rozumieniu Marii Rakowskiej i Heleny Pajzderskiej (na przykładzie Podróży Polki do Persji i nowel z tomu Z dalekich lądów)

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3 (462)) ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
Ida Jahnke
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Physiological Difference ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Travel Writers ◽  
Travel Discourse ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents the perception of the concept of race in texts of two travel writers: Maria Rakowska and Helena Pajzderska. It points to similarities and differences between the concepts of the authors and the anthropological discourse of the second half of the 19th century. Further, it is demonstrated that the authors extended racial typologies based on the physiological difference with reflection on social and cultural diversity (the concept of family, everyday life). The final remarks lead to considerations on the relationship between the literary genre and the 19th-century travel discourse.

scholarly journals Identity at Intersection of Cross-National Relations (Ukrainian Issue in Polemics with Cultural Vision of S. Hurban-Vajanský)

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Ivana Taranenkova
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
National Movement ◽  
National Life ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Movement

The paper focuses on the ways of interpreting the Ukrainian issue (manifestations of independent Ukrainian national identity) by representatives of the Slovak national movement. At the late 19th and early 20th century this issue became a part of polemics between two opposite strategies of contemporary Slovak culture. On the one hand, there were prominent figures of the national life whose activities were connected to Martin, contemporary Slovak cultural center. On the other hand, there were representatives of a young generation who proposed their own solutions for improving the Slovak political and cultural situation. The journal “Hlas” provided coverage of their activities. The periodical was launched with the help of Czech politic and philosopher Tomáš Garique Masaryk.  His ideas influenced the members of the Slovak cultural movement who called themselves ‘hlasisti’. Above all, they were opposed to the cultural and ideological views of Svetozár Hurban Vajanský who was the key figure of Slovak national movement in the last two decades of the 19th century. His vision was deeply influenced by the idea of Slavic unity and conservative rusophilia. Ukrainian issue questioned the legitimacy of the idea of a unified Slavonic world with accepted hegemony of Russia. It revealed contemporary antagonisms between Slavic nations that were ignored by the earlier generations of the Slovak national movement. The impulses from Czech cultural background, where emancipation of Ukrainian nation was discussed with more attention at the end of the 19th century, played a crucial role in this differentiation of the Slovak national life. The main point was the refusal to identify own national identity with a common Slavic one. The key figures of the Czech national movement had an uncertain and critical approach to social and political circumstances of contemporary Russia. In Slovak and Czech context, the reflection of Ukrainian efforts to reach national emancipation gave an opportunity to clarify questions connected to their own national and cultural identity.

scholarly journals De (mythe van de) luie Javaan. De koloniale standpunten van een vader en zijn zoon (over Sytze en Philippus Pieter Roorda van Eysinga)

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 35-53
Author(s):  
Rick Honings
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Father And Son ◽  
Insight Into

In 1818, Sytze Roorda van Eysinga travelled to the Dutch East Indies together with his wife and three daughters. After his arrival, he was appointed as church minister in Batavia by the governor-general. A short time later, his son Philippus Pieter Roorda van Eysinga, who stayed in the Netherlands after his parents’ departure, followed his family to the colony. In the following years, father and son both travelled through the Indonesian archipelago. After his return to the Netherlands, Philippus would become a prominent linguist in Javanese and Malay. After the death of Sytze in 1829, Philippus published his fathers’ and his own travel experiences in four volumes under the title: Verschillende reizen en lotgevallen van S. Roorda van Eysinga (1830–1832). Their texts provide a fascinating insight into colonial ideas in the first decades of the 19th century. How did Sytze and Philippus represent the indigenous people of the colony and what similarities and differences can be found in their accounts?

scholarly journals Books in Burgher Households on the Moravian-Silesian Border at the Beginning of the 19th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Lenka Nováková
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town

The relation of subjected municipalities of urban type on the Moravian-Silesian border to books and to education in general can be demonstrated on the example of Místek, situated in the Hukvaldy demesne. The craftsmanship–agricultural character of the town along with its position on a trade route near the Moravian-Silesian border was involved in the shaping of the social environment. Valuable sources of information on burgher households are probate inventories. It is possible to determine from them not only whether burghers owned any books at all and how many, but sometimes even what types of books they were. Among others, likewise the information on book owners, their profession and financial situation is undoubtedly interesting. Although personal motives and the attitudes of Místek burghers towards books usually remain hidden from us, it is still possible to reveal a part of everyday life.

scholarly journals Eesti- ja Liivimaa libahundipärimus rahvapärase ontoloogia muutumise peegeldajana

Mäetagused ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 71-88
Author(s):  
Merili Metsvahi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article gives a short overview of the Estonian werewolf tradition in the 16th and 17th centuries and a glimpse into the 19th–20th-century werewolf beliefs. The image of werewolf of the earlier and later periods is compared. The differences between the images of these two periods are explained with the help of the approaches of Tim Ingold and Philipp Descola, which ground the changes in the worldview taking place together with the shift from the pre-modern society into modernity. The mental world of the 16th–17th-century Estonian and Livonian peasant did not encompass the category of nature, and the borders between the human being and the animal on the one side and organism and environment on the other side were not so rigid as they are in today’s people’s comprehension of the world. The ability to change into a wolf was seen as an added possibility of acquiring new experiences and benefits. As the popular ontology had changed by the second half of the 19th century – the human mind was raised into the ultimate position and the animal was comprehended as being inferior – the transformation of a man into an animal, if it was seriously taken at all, seemed to be strange and unnatural.

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