scholarly journals The Impact of Using Digital Filter and Analog Filter on Surface Electromyography Signal

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Endang Dian Setioningsih
Keyword(s):  
Digital Filter ◽  
Digital Filters ◽  
Analog Filters ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Analog Filter ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
The Impact

Many accident cases result in humans having to going a surgery to save them, then performing muscle therapy to help the patient’s recovery after going through the post-surgery. The purpose of this therapy is the patient’s body to its normal state. Exoskeleton is an additonal clothing-like tool that aims to both protect and increase the wearer's abilities. Meanwhile electromyography (EMG) is a technique to evaluate and record the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in using of analog and digital filters on EMG, as well as the effect on the exoskeleton simulation. The method used in the main design consists of the myoware module, notch circuit, low pass filter, arduino uno, DAC module, teraterm software, and matlab. The intercepted signal was taken from the biceps using a disposable electrode (AG/AGCL.). The EMG signal tapped by the myoware module then is continued to another circuit, then was recorded on the Teraterm software, and analyzed in MATLAB. The voltage value on the analog filter is 1.541 Volt during relaxation and 2.086 Volt during contraction, while the digital filter that has passed through the DAC has a value of 41.8 mVolt during relaxation and 269.1 mVolt during contraction. The results of this study obtained that digital and analog filter values ​​have an average difference of 5 to 30. The conclusion of this research is that the tool can detect changes in the use of analog and digital filters. Therefore, in the future research, development can be made to compare other  types of digital filters along with replacement to wireless systems. The benefit or purpose of this research is as a simulation of exoskeleton skeletal motion and to see the difference between the use of digital and analog filters.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Digital IIR, Fir Bandpass Filter using DSK6713 Kit

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-375
Keyword(s):  
Digital Filter ◽  
Bandpass Filter ◽  
Fir Filter ◽  
Analog Filters ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Analog Filter ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
C Language ◽  
Band Pass

A digital filter is advantageous over analog filter. Some of its advantages are less complexity, flexibility, portability when compared with analog filters. In this paper, the design of digital IIR and FIR band pass filter is done using DSK6713 hardware kit, the software used is code composer studio 6.0.1. This code composer studio 6.0.1 is used to write the code in c language, which is then dumped on to DSK6713 kit, fda tool of matlab is used for designing coefficients for IIR and FIR filter. Further, the detailed design steps are illustrated in this paper.

A MATLAB-based biomedical signal de-noising applied to digital signal processing course for third-year students

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Luo
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Digital Signal Processing ◽  
Digital Filter ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Analog Filter ◽  
Bilinear Transformation ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Educational Method ◽  
Low Pass Filter

Signal de-noising is one of the major topics of engineering application covered in an undergraduate-level digital signal processing course. Generally speaking, it involves a number of tedious concepts that have intrinsic physical meaning, which is difficult for students to understand . In this paper, an educational method using diaphragmatic electromyographic (EMGdi) as the de-noising object, which runs on the MATLAB software, has been developed for the convenience of learning and understanding for three-years students in digital signal processing course. This method transforms the analog filter to a digital filter by applying bilinear transformation equations, which allows the students explore the various characteristics of digital filter, such as low pass filter, high pass filter, band pass filter and band stop filter. That means Laplace equation transformed by inductance, capacitance and resistance will be replaced by the z equation, which is used for deriving sequence of difference equations. In the case studies, the clinical EMGdi is used to show the features of the developed method. Furthermore, classroom experience in the Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University has shown that the developed method helps in consolidating a better understanding of signal de-noising processing in digital signal processing course.

scholarly journals Optimization of digital filters performances simultaneously in frequency and time domains

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
A. V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Digital Filter ◽  
Digital Filters ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
Step Response ◽  
Analog Filters ◽  
Analog Filter ◽  
Bilinear Transformation ◽  
Time Domains ◽  
Filter Prototype

Wide used method of digital filters design consists in transformation of analog filter-prototype with required performances into digital filter. This method is applicable if the transformation preserves optimality of filter performances under specified set of quality indexes (QI). It was denoted earlier that such situation is possible when gain-frequency response (GFR) and phase-frequency response are optimized simultaneously. The task of simultaneous optimization of digital filters GFR and step response (SR) is also important but yet a little explored. Alternative method of this problem solving consists in search of digital filter transfer function (TF) which is optimal under GFR and SR QI’s. To investigate capabilities of the first method we found examples of analog filters Pareto-optimal under rise time and transient duration. Other QI’s of these filters fulfilled specified constraints. Then these filters were transformed into digital filters. Bilinear transformation and transformation with invariant impulse response were applied. Further we did the search of digital filters optimal under the same set of QI’s. In either method the hybrid heuristic algorithm was applied for search optimal solutions in the space of TF poles and zeroes coordinates. The results of investigation demonstrated that digital filters developed via search are superiorly under specified set of QI’s then digital filters developed via transformation of analog filters. Accordingly Pareto-optimality for QI of GFR and SR is not preserved during such transformation and direct search must be applied to optimized digital filters simultaneously in frequency and time domains. Further in some cases analog filters developed via reverse bilinear transformation of the found optimal digital filters are superiorly under the same set of QI’s then analog filters developed using search. In such cases using of digital filter-prototypes for design of analog filters is practical.

scholarly journals Reducing the Impact of the Frequency Change on the Formation of Orthogonal Components of the Relay Protection Input Signals

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Romaniuk ◽  
V. Yu. Rumiantsev ◽  
Yu. V. Rumiantsev ◽  
A. A. Dziaruhina
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Discrete Fourier Transform ◽  
Digital Filter ◽  
Input Signal ◽  
Digital Filters ◽  
Signal Frequency ◽  
Filter Model ◽  
Input Signal Frequency ◽  
Orthogonal Components ◽  
The Impact

Digital filters made with the use of discrete Fourier Transform are applied in most microprocessor protections produced both in the home country and abroad. When the input signal frequency deviates from the value to which these filters are configured, a signal is generated at their output with oscillation amplitude that is proportional to the deviation of the signal frequency from the specified one. The article proposes an algorithm for compensating the oscillations of orthogonal components of the output signals of digital filters implemented on the basis of a discrete Fourier transform, when the input signal frequency deviates from the nominal one. A mathematical model of the proposed digital filter with an algorithm for compensating the oscillations of its orthogonal components, as well as a signal model for reproducing input effects, is implemented in the MatLab-Simulink dynamic modeling environment. The digital filter model is provided with two channels, viz. a current channel and a voltage channel, which makes it possible to simulate their operation in relation to protections that use one or two input values, for example, for current and remote protection. Verification of the functioning of the digital filter model with compensation for fluctuations in its output signal was carried out with the use of two types of test effects, viz. a sinusoidal signal with a frequency of 48–51 Hz (idealized effect), and the effects that are close to the real secondary signals of measuring current transformers and voltage transformers in case of short circuits accompanied by a decrease in frequency. The conducted computational experiments with deviation of frequency from the nominal one, revealed the presence of undamped oscillations at the output of standard digital Fourier filters and their almost complete absence in the proposed digital filters. This makes us possible to recommend digital filters based on a discrete Fourier transform supplemented by an algorithm for compensation of fluctuations in the amplitudes of the output signals for the use in microprocessor protection.

The Human Controller as an Adaptive, Low Pass Filter

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon H. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Noise Signal ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Descriptive Model ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Low Pass

Data is presented on the ability of a human controller to track a signal contaminated with noise. Signal frequencies and signal-to-noise ratio are the independent variables. An optimal, adaptive filter is presented for comparison. A descriptive model is derived based on known human characteristics in manual control. Future research needs are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of the Incremental Analysis Updates on a Real-Time System of the North Atlantic Ocean

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2055-2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Benkiran ◽  
E. Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Incremental Analysis ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Incremental analysis updates (IAUs) are a procedure by which analysis increments can be incorporated into a model hindcast and forecast in a smooth manner. It is similar to nudging but has a better response, particularly in regions of missing data. The IAU procedure was popular in the late 1990s in weather forecasting centers, because it acts as a low-pass filter. The impact of the IAU is examined in the context of a real-time, eddy-permitting ocean forecasting system in the North Atlantic from Mercator Océan. Forecast scores and ocean physics are compared for the following three companion runs: a forced mode, a sequential analysis, and IAU. These comparisons confirm that the IAU is beneficial because it removes spinup effects such as spurious waves and tropical convective cells. Forecast scores are also slightly improved. In addition, contrary to the weather forecasting case where the model and data are fairly unbiased, the IAU has the advantage of correcting the systematic biases in the ocean data assimilation system.

Design of the Broadband Standard Signal Generator for Laser Locating System of the Mine Hoisting Container

2013 ◽  
Vol 427-429 ◽  
pp. 2033-2036
Author(s):  
Di Fan ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Yue Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Standard ◽  
Analog Filters ◽  
Laser Ranging ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Noise Disturbance ◽  
Standard Signal ◽  
Low Pass

As the key junction between the ground and underground, hoisting systems as well as mines themselves are of vital importance to coalmine production. Laser ranging method is studied as a new solution of getting the real-time position directly. Furthermore, multi-scale phase based laser ranging principles are utilized in the system. The paper is aimed to conduct research into the problems existing in standard signal generating while using laser to locating the hoisting container, and to design standard sine generator circuits with DDS technology and DDS devices AD9850 to generate multiple frequency standard signals. In view of the serious noise disturbance in high frequency output, 4-order Chebyshev low-pass filter is designed, by using the integrated analog filters LT 6600-15, to filter the sine signals from AD9850 and to effectively weaken the noise disturbance. The established practical circuits are tested, obtaining trillion level high frequency and low frequency sine signals and fulfilling the requirements for the location system of hoisting containers.

An Improved Harmonic Current Detection Method Based on Variable Forgetting Factor RLS Algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2459-2463
Author(s):  
Minh Guang Vu ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Da Zhi Wang ◽  
Yun Lu Li
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Recursive Least Squares ◽  
Forgetting Factor ◽  
Harmonic Current ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Variable Forgetting Factor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Detection

The effects of compensating and restraining the power system harmonics using active power filter are determined by the detection precision and its dynamic response characters. To improve both of them, a harmonic current detection algorithm based on variable forgetting factor Recursive Least-Squares algorithm is presented. The occurrence of the dynamic process is identified firstly by the judgment condition which is given by the algorithm, and then the forgetting factor is assigned dynamically, so that the convergent speed is significantly improved. The algorithm overcomes the impact of low-pass filter of traditional p-q or ip-iq algorithm, and releases the contradiction cased by the conflicting requirements of forgetting factor value between steady process and dynamic process. So it has better dynamic performance. Simulation and experiments prove the validity and feasibility of the approaches.

Construction of a High-Pass Digital Filter from a Low-Pass Digital Filter

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Murphy ◽  
D. Gordon E. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Digital Filter ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Low Frequency Noise ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
High Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
High Pass

To remove low-frequency noise from data such as DC-bias from electromyo-grams (EMGs) or drift from force transducers, a high-pass filter was constructed from a low-pass filter of known characteristics. A summary of the necessary steps required to transform the low-pass digital were developed. Contaminated EMG and force platform data were used to test the filter. The high-pass filter successfully removed the low-frequency noise from the EMG signals. The high-pass filter was then cascaded with the low-pass filter to produce a band-pass filter to enable simultaneous high- and low-frequency noise reduction.

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