scholarly journals Marine fuels after 2020 III

Paliva ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Dominik Schlehöfer ◽  
Aleš Vráblík ◽  
Radek Černý
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
End User ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
The Past

On 1st January 2020, a drastic change came into force to reduce the maximum permitted sulphur content of marine fuels from 3.5 % wt. to 0.5% wt. for the deep sea and oceans. This change had an impact not only on the shipping industry, but also on the entire refining sector, be it oil marketers, refineries, traders and manufacturers of fuels and end-user additives. In 2017 and 2018, the situation regarding marine fuels and the impending IMO 2020 changes was mapped out in the articles "Marine Fuels Post-2020" and "Marine Fuels Post-2020 II" published in Paliva journal. These publications are directly followed by the present article, which summarises the current data (as of early 2021) and experience from the past year, the first year of implementation of IMO 2020. The article describes how vessel operators have coped with this drastic reduction of the maximum sulphur content of marine fuels, as well as the economic consequences of this change.

Economic Consequences of War

1943 ◽  
Vol 3 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Curtis P. Nettels
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Costs Of Production ◽  
Foreign Competitors

One influence of war has repeatedly asserted itself in the past—an effect on the costs of production and on the competitive position of the industries and firms of victorious or neutral nations. This subject needs more study, but certain facts suggest a hypothesis, of three parts. First: war expands some industries or concerns, increases their efficiency, enables them to operate, at the end of the struggle, on a comparatively low-cost basis, intensifies their competitive advantages, and improves their position in relation to foreign competitors. Second: war—for the duration—bolsters up some high-cost units by enabling them to sell at a profit all they can produce. The end of the war places such high-cost units at a disadvantage in the process of absorbing the shocks of the transition to a peacetime economy. Third: the history of postwar periods usually exhibits a sharp contest between such low-cost and high-cost enterprises. While “low cost” and “high cost” may refer to the relative positions of units within the same country, in most of this discussion, the terms will be applied to the producers of one country (either victor or neutral) to mean that their costs are low or high in comparison with those of their foreign competitors.

Quaternary Hypsithermals

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesare Emiliani
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic ◽  
Environmental Balance ◽  
Past Half ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic Analysis

Oxygen isotopic analysis and absolute dating of deep-sea cores show that temperatures as high as those of today occurred for only about 10% of the time during the past half million years. The shortness of the high temperature intervals (“hypsithermals”) suggests a precarious environmental balance, a condition which makes man's interference with the environment during the present hypsithermal extremely critical. This precarious balance must be stabilized if a new glaciation or total deglaciation is to be avoided.

scholarly journals 21: THE REACTING TO THE PAST PEDAGOGY AND ENGAGING THE FIRST-YEAR STUDENT

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-363
Author(s):  
Paula Kay Lazrus ◽  
Gretchen Kreahling McKay
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Year Student

A Ballast System for Automated Deep-Sea Ascents

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Golz ◽  
Florin Boeck ◽  
Sebastian Ritz ◽  
Gerd Holbach
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Hydraulic Pump ◽  
Unmanned Underwater Vehicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Set Up

The efforts to discover the world’s oceans — even in extremely deep-sea environments — have grown more and more in the past years. In this context, unmanned underwater vehicles play a central role. Underwater systems that are not tethered need to provide an apparatus to ensure a safe return to the surface. Therefore, positive buoyancy is required and can be achieved by either losing weight or expanding volume. A conservative method is the dropping of ballast weight. However, nowadays this method is not appropriate due to the environmental impact. This paper presents a ballast system for an automated ascent of a deep-sea seabed station in up to 6000 m depth. The ballast system uses a DC motor driven modified hydraulic pump and a compressed air auxiliary system inside a pressure vessel. With regard to the environmental contamination in case of a leakage, only water is used as ballast fluid. The modification of an ordinary oil-hydraulic radial piston pump and the set-up of the ballast system is introduced. Results from sea trials in the Atlantic Ocean are presented to verify the functionality of the ballast system.

Seasonal deposition of phytodetritus to the deep-sea floor

1986 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 265-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Rice ◽  
D. S. M. Billett ◽  
J. Fry ◽  
A. W. G. John ◽  
R. S. Lampitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Porcupine Seabight ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Seasonal Deposition

SynopsisEvidence has accumulated over the past twenty years to suggest that the deep-sea environment is not as constant as was at one time thought, but exhibits temporal variations related to the seasonally in the overlying surface waters. Recent results from deep-moored sediment traps suggest that this coupling is mediated through the sedimentation of organic material, while observations in the Porcupine Seabight indicate that in this region, at least, there is a major and rapid seasonal deposition of aggregated phytodetritus to the sea-floor at slope and abyssal depths.This paper summarises the results of the Porcupine Seabight studies over the past five years or so, using time-lapse sea-bed photography and microscopic, microbiological and chemical analyses of samples of phytodetritus and of the underlying sediment. The data are to some extent equivocal, but they suggest that the seasonal deposition is a regular and dramatic phenomenon and that the material undergoes relatively little degradation during its passage through the water column. The mechanisms leading to the aggregation of the phytodetritus have not been identified, and it is not yet known whether the phenomenon is geographically widespread nor whether it is of significance to the deep-living mid-water and benthic communities.

The unification of European law: a pipedream?

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. VAN CAENEGEM
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
European Law ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Professional Historian ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Gift

The unification of European law – if it is ever achieved – belongs to the future, but much of this present article will be devoted to the past. This makes me look like the ancient Roman king Janus, upon whom the god Saturn bestowed the gift of seeing the future as well as the past, which led to his famous representation, in his Roman temple, as a man with two faces. As a professional historian I am, of course, concerned with past centuries, but the future of Europe and European law concerns me as a citizen of the Old World.

scholarly journals Building Connections in the First-year Undergraduate Experience

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
June Countryman ◽  
Andrew Zinck
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
The Past ◽  
Core Courses ◽  
Big Ideas ◽  
Undergraduate Experience ◽  
New Students ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Transition From High School ◽  
Support Students

Concerned about the success rate of new students in our program we designed and implemented a compulsory set of experiences which aim to support students in their transition from high school to university by 1) developing their sense of belonging to a community of learners and by 2) articulating with them the interrelationships among their first year core courses. We initiated various strategies which we have refined in response to student feedback over the past three years. In this paper we describe the pedagogical moves that constitute our initiative and the lessons we learned. We explore essential academic and personal issues that first-year students in all programs face. We share our research findings and address the big ideas that could be applied to any discipline or multi-disciplinary program. Préoccupés par les taux de rétention des étudiants de première année, les auteurs ont conçu et mis en oeuvre un ensemble d’expériences obligatoires dont le but est d’aider les étudiants à effectuer la transition entre l’école secondaire et l’université. Ils ont établi deux objectifs : (a) développer chez les étudiants le sens d’appartenance à une communauté d’apprenants et (b) démontrer les corrélations qui existent entre les cours de base de première année que les étudiants suivent. Diverses stratégies ont été entreprises et plus tard améliorées, à partir des rétroactions fournies par les étudiants au cours de l’étude de deux ans. Cet article présente une explication des actions pédagogiques de cette initiative et explore les questions essentielles académiques et personnelles auxquelles sont confrontés les étudiants de première année dans tous les programmes. Les résultats de cette étude sont résumés et les idées générales qui peuvent s’appliquer à n’importe quelle discipline ou à des programmes multidisciplinaires sont présentées en détail.

scholarly journals Reception of Natalie's Ramonda, Armistice Day Symbol in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Senka Kovač
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
First Year ◽  
World War ◽  
World War One ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
The Past

Nataliе’s Ramonda, a symbol of Armistice Day – November 11 in Serbia, is a new memorial symbol constructed and promoted by politicians in 2012. The Armistice Day was celebrated then as a national holiday in Serbia. The reception of this symbol has been explored over a five-year period, both in a public discourse and on a representative sample of first year students at the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade. In public discourse, as well as among students of the Faculty of Philosophy, Natalie’s Ramonda is perceived as an emblem, a badge, and most often as a symbol. It was seen as an emblem on the lapel of public and media figures, inaccessible to broad commercial promotion and sales. In public discourse and among students at the Faculty of Philosophy, Natalie’s Ramonda was perceived in several answers as a medal, and is also recognized as a flower that symbolizes the suffering of the Serbian people in World War One; symbol of the nation’s rebirth – the flower phoenix, as a mark of peace and freedom. As a newly constructed symbol of the Armistice Day in Serbia, for the past seven years, Natalie’s Ramonda has been a mediator in the public culture of remembrance and in the ongoing process, by becoming a part of cultural memory.

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