scholarly journals El Gamal Encryption using Lucas, Elliptic Curve and SRZ Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4216-4221
Keyword(s):  
Elliptic Curve ◽  
Block Cipher ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Clockwise Rotation ◽  
Encoding Scheme ◽  
Magic Square ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Key Cryptosystems ◽  
Elgamal Encryption

In cryptography, the security is depending on the way in which it produces different ciphertexts for the same plaintext so that the eavesdropper is not able to recover the plaintext from the ciphertext. Though, several block cipher modes viz., CBC, CFB and OFB exist, they take more time for producing different ciphertext blocks for the same plaintext block. To avoid this, an encoding is performed at the plaintext level. There are several encoding schemes like ASCII, Magic Square, and Magic Rectangle based encoding exist in the literature. But, in this paper, a novel encoding technique based on Elliptic Curve, Lucas number, Spiral Clockwise Rotation and Zigzag transformations called ECLUSRZ has been proposed. As, the original form of plaintext is completely altered using this proposed encoding scheme, the eavesdropper may not easily recover the plaintext from the ciphertext. Once, the encoding is performed , the encoded numeral called intermediate plaintext is then used for any one of the public key cryptosystems like ElGamal and the security level produced by ElGamal encryption with ASCII based and the proposed ECLUSRZ based encoding is analyzed.

scholarly journals Color Image Encryption using AES and RSA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-550
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Block Cipher ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Key Block ◽  
Symmetric Key ◽  
Encryption Algorithms

Information security is an important task on multimedia and communication world. During storing and sharing maintaining a strategic distance from the outsider access of information is the difficult one. There are many encryption algorithms that can provide data security. In this paper two of the encryption algorithms namely AES and RSA are implemented for color images. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric key block cipher published in December 2001 by NSIT (National Institute of Standards and Technology). RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) is an asymmetric key block cipher. It uses two separate keys, one for encryption called the public key and other for decryption called the private key. Both the implementation and analysis are done in Matlab. The quality and security level of both the algorithms is analysed based on various criteria such as Histogram analysis, Correlation analysis, Entropy analysis, NPCR (Number of Pixel Change Rate), UACI (Unified Average Changing Intensity), PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio).

Elliptic Curve Cryptograpy

2008 ◽  
pp. 189-216
Author(s):  
Manuel Mogollon
Keyword(s):  
Elliptic Curve ◽  
Elliptic Curve Cryptography ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Public Key Cryptosystems ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Diffie Hellman ◽  
Digital Signature Algorithm ◽  
Elgamal Encryption ◽  
Diffie Hellman Key Exchange

For the same level of security that public-key cryptosystems such as RSA have, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) offers the benefit of smaller key sizes, hence smaller memory and processor requirements. The Diffie-Hellman key exchange, ElGamal encryption, digital signatures, and the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) can all be implemented in ECC. This makes ECC a very attractive algorithm for wireless devices such as handhelds and PDAs, which have limited bandwidth and processing power. Running on the same platform, ECC runs more TLS/SSL transactions per second than RSA. This chapter describes the basic concepts and definitions of elliptic curve cryptography.

A Chaos-Based Approach for Correcting the Security Level of a Block Cipher Algorithm

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Fatma Zayen Sbiaa ◽  
Medien Zeghid ◽  
Sonia Kotel ◽  
Rached Tourki ◽  
Mohsen Machhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Cipher ◽  
Security Level

Public-Key Encryption

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Elliptic Curve ◽  
Public Key Cryptography ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Public Key Encryption ◽  
Hybrid Encryption ◽  
Public Key Cryptosystems ◽  
Encryption And Decryption ◽  
Encryption Schemes ◽  
Hard Problems ◽  
Set Up

In this chapter, we introduce public-key encryption. We first consider the motivation behind the concept of public-key cryptography and introduce the hard problems on which popular public-key encryption schemes are based. We then discuss two of the best-known public-key cryptosystems, RSA and ElGamal. For each of these public-key cryptosystems, we discuss how to set up key pairs and perform basic encryption and decryption. We also identify the basis for security for each of these cryptosystems. We then compare RSA, ElGamal, and elliptic-curve variants of ElGamal from the perspectives of performance and security. Finally, we look at how public-key encryption is used in practice, focusing on the popular use of hybrid encryption.

scholarly journals Efficient Implementation of PRESENT and GIFT on Quantum Computers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4776
Author(s):  
Kyungbae Jang ◽  
Gyeongju Song ◽  
Hyunjun Kim ◽  
Hyeokdong Kwon ◽  
Hyunji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Cipher ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Block Ciphers ◽  
Quantum Circuits ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Symmetric Key ◽  
Grover Search ◽  
Target Block ◽  
Symmetric Key Cryptography ◽  
Grover Search Algorithm

Grover search algorithm is the most representative quantum attack method that threatens the security of symmetric key cryptography. If the Grover search algorithm is applied to symmetric key cryptography, the security level of target symmetric key cryptography can be lowered from n-bit to n2-bit. When applying Grover’s search algorithm to the block cipher that is the target of potential quantum attacks, the target block cipher must be implemented as quantum circuits. Starting with the AES block cipher, a number of works have been conducted to optimize and implement target block ciphers into quantum circuits. Recently, many studies have been published to implement lightweight block ciphers as quantum circuits. In this paper, we present optimal quantum circuit designs of symmetric key cryptography, including PRESENT and GIFT block ciphers. The proposed method optimized PRESENT and GIFT block ciphers by minimizing qubits, quantum gates, and circuit depth. We compare proposed PRESENT and GIFT quantum circuits with other results of lightweight block cipher implementations in quantum circuits. Finally, quantum resources of PRESENT and GIFT block ciphers required for the oracle of the Grover search algorithm were estimated.

Power Side-Channel Analysis of RNS GLV ECC Using Machine and Deep Learning Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ali Mehrabi ◽  
Naila Mukhtar ◽  
Alireza Jolfaei
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Elliptic Curve ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Information Leakage ◽  
Side Channel ◽  
Side Channel Attacks ◽  
Public Key Cryptosystems ◽  
Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems ◽  
Hardware Implementations ◽  
Substantial Progress

Many Internet of Things applications in smart cities use elliptic-curve cryptosystems due to their efficiency compared to other well-known public-key cryptosystems such as RSA. One of the important components of an elliptic-curve-based cryptosystem is the elliptic-curve point multiplication which has been shown to be vulnerable to various types of side-channel attacks. Recently, substantial progress has been made in applying deep learning to side-channel attacks. Conceptually, the idea is to monitor a core while it is running encryption for information leakage of a certain kind, for example, power consumption. The knowledge of the underlying encryption algorithm can be used to train a model to recognise the key used for encryption. The model is then applied to traces gathered from the crypto core in order to recover the encryption key. In this article, we propose an RNS GLV elliptic curve cryptography core which is immune to machine learning and deep learning based side-channel attacks. The experimental analysis confirms the proposed crypto core does not leak any information about the private key and therefore it is suitable for hardware implementations.

MicroBlaze-Based Multiprocessor Embedded Cryptosystem on FPGA for Elliptic Curve Scalar Multiplication Over Fp

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950037 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bellemou ◽  
N. Benblidia ◽  
M. Anane ◽  
M. Issad
Keyword(s):  
Elliptic Curve ◽  
Scalar Multiplication ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Prime Field ◽  
Montgomery Modular Multiplication ◽  
Parallel Implementations ◽  
High Radix ◽  
System On Programmable Chip ◽  
Xilinx Fpga ◽  
Elliptic Curve Scalar Multiplication

In this paper, we present Microblaze-based parallel architectures of Elliptic Curve Scalar Multiplication (ECSM) computation for embedded Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (ECC) on Xilinx FPGA. The proposed implementations support arbitrary Elliptic Curve (EC) forms defined over large prime field ([Formula: see text]) with different security-level sizes. ECSM is performed using Montgomery Power Ladder (MPL) algorithm in Chudnovsky projective coordinates system. At the low abstraction level, Montgomery Modular Multiplication (MMM) is considered as the critical operation. It is implemented within a hardware Accelerator MMM (AccMMM) core based on the modified high radix, [Formula: see text] MMM algorithm. The efficiency of our parallel implementations is achieved by the combination of the mixed SW/HW approach with Multi Processor System on Programmable Chip (MPSoPC) design. The integration of multi MicroBlaze processor in single architecture allows not only the flexibility of the overall system but also the exploitation of the parallelism in ECSM computation with several degrees. The Virtex-5 parallel implementations of 256-bit and 521-bis ECSM computations run at 100[Formula: see text]MHZ frequency and consume between 2,739 and 6,533 slices, 22 and 72 RAMs and between 16 and 48 DSP48E cores. For the considered security-level sizes, the delays to perform single ECSM are between 115[Formula: see text]ms and 14.72[Formula: see text]ms.

A CUBIC EL-GAMAL ENCRYPTION SCHEME BASED ON LUCAS SEQUENCE AND ELLIPTIC CURVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3439-3447
Author(s):  
T. J. Wong ◽  
L. F. Koo ◽  
F. H. Naning ◽  
A. F. N. Rasedee ◽  
M. M. Magiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elliptic Curve ◽  
Elliptic Curve Cryptography ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Public Key Cryptosystem ◽  
Encryption Scheme ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Chosen Plaintext Attack ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lucas Sequence

The public key cryptosystem is fundamental in safeguard communication in cyberspace. This paper described a new cryptosystem analogous to El-Gamal encryption scheme, which utilizing the Lucas sequence and Elliptic Curve. Similar to Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), the proposed cryptosystem requires a precise hard mathematical problem as the essential part of security strength. The chosen plaintext attack (CPA) was employed to investigate the security of this cryptosystem. The result shows that the system is vulnerable against the CPA when the sender decrypts a plaintext with modified public key, where the cryptanalyst able to break the security of the proposed cryptosystem by recovering the plaintext even without knowing the secret key from either the sender or receiver.

scholarly journals Identity-Based Multi-Signcryption with Public Verifiability

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Xiu Ying Yu ◽  
Da Ke He
Keyword(s):  
Elliptic Curve ◽  
Bilinear Pairing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Verifiability ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Signcryption Scheme ◽  
Public Verification

Multi-signcryption can meet the requirement of message signcryption with muti-participant. Since the existing identity-based multi-signcryption scheme cannot offer the function of public verifiability, based on identity and bilinear pairing on the Elliptic Curve, a new scheme with public verifiability is proposed. In the scheme, with the steps which is comparatively independent to the signcryption process, it can provide the public verification of each signcryption in need. Therefore, our scheme efficiently achieves the cryptographic functions of multi-signcryption.

scholarly journals Current Affairs in North Korea, 2010-2017: A Collection of Research Notes

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-350
Author(s):  
Rudiger Frank
Keyword(s):  
Original Form ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Korean Unification ◽  
Economic Statistics ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
Nuclear Problem ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Party Congress

Abstract Starting with the public introduction of Kim Jong-un to the public in autumn of 2010 and ending with observations of consumerism in February 2017, this collection of 16 short research notes that were originally published at 38North discusses some of the most crucial issues, aside from the nuclear problem, that dominated the field of North Korean Studies in the past decade. Left in their original form, these short articles show the consistency of major North Korean policies as much as the development of our understanding of the new leader and his approach. Topics covered include the question of succession, economic statistics, new ideological trends such as pyŏngjin, technological developments including a review of the North Korean tablet computer Samjiyŏn, the Korean unification issue, special economic zones, foreign trade, parliamentary elections and the first ever Party congress since 1980.

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