scholarly journals Fuzzy Logic Based Path Stability Forecasting Scheme for Improving Data Dissemination in MANETs

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2768-2775
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Path Stability ◽  
Prediction Mechanism

Path stability of the mobile nodes in MANET plays a vital role in effective data dissemination as it depends on factors such as mobility, energy, signal strength. Several studies reveal that the prediction of path stability might provide solutions thereby routing performance can be increased. In most of the protocols route selection is based on metrics namely hop count, energy, etc. The metric namely mobility factor “MF” is used in some of the protocols. These protocols include nodes with less energy or nodes with high mobility which results in loss of path in a short period of time. Since it preserves the neighbor’s history, more control overhead and maintenance complexity exist. Hence, a new metric namely Active Interactive new Neighbor Rate (AINR) has been considered for optimum path selection. In scenarios of path loss, there is an immediate need for alternative paths for continuous data transfer. From literature it is evident that fuzzy logic is more significant in exploring different possible states under path stability determination. Hence a new prediction mechanism based on fuzzy logic has been proposed by considering the Residual Energy (RE), Hop count (Hop) and proposed metric Active Interactive new Neighbor Rate (AINR) as the factors for the prediction of the optimal path. This prediction mechanism is leveraged in MANET scenarios where alternate paths should be available on hand in situations such as battlefield and natural disaster. From the simulation, it has been proved that fuzzy logic prediction model provides better results in terms of various performance metrics such as Throughput, Packet delivery ratio, End-to-end delay, Energy consumption and routing overhead than the existing protocols.

An Efficient Cluster-Based Flooding Using Fuzzy Logic Scheme (CBF2S) In Mobile Adhoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mahima ◽  
N. Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Hop Count

: Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) hold a set of numerous mobile computing devices useful for communication with one another with no centralized control. Due to the inherent features of MANET such as dynamic topology, constrained on bandwidth, energy and computing resources, there is a need to design the routing protocols efficiently. Flooding is a directive for managing traffic since it makes use of only chosen nodes for transmitting data from one node to another. This paper intends to develop a new Cluster-Based Flooding using Fuzzy Logic Scheme (CBF2S). To construct clusters and choose proper cluster heads (CHs), thefuzzy logic approach is applied with the use of three parameters namely link quality, node mobility and node degree. The presented model considerably minimizes the number of retransmissions in the network. The presented model instructs the cluster members (CM) floods the packets inside a cluster called intra-cluster flooding and CHs floods the packets among the clusters called inter-cluster flooding. In addition, the gateway sends a packet to another gateway for minimizing unwanted data retransmissions when it comes under different CH. The presented CBF2S is simulated using NS2 tool under the presence of varying hop count. The CBF2S model exhibits maximum results over the other methods interms of overhead, communication overhead, traffic load, packet delivery ratio and the end to end delay.

Comparative Study of Fuzzy Logic Mobility Based FLM-AODV Routing Protocol and AODV in MANETs

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Sharma ◽  
Bashir Alam ◽  
M. N. Doja
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Mobility Factor ◽  
Aodv Protocol ◽  
High Node

In mobile ad hoc wireless networks (MANETs), traditional protocol like AODV performs well for low mobility of nodes but not for high node mobility. So, it becomes important to consider mobility factor during the path selection procedure of routing protocol. Here, a fuzzy logic mobility based protocol (FLM-AODV) that considers the mobility factor is proposed. Due to the consideration of mobility factor, the proposed protocol has better performance than the traditional AODV. The experiment results show that the proposed protocol has advantages of improved average end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio (PDR) over existing AODV protocol.

scholarly journals RPL Routing Protocol Performance in Smart Grid Applications Based Wireless Sensors: Experimental and Simulated Analysis

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimaa Abdel Hakeem ◽  
Anar Hady ◽  
HyungWon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
High Density ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Hop Count

The Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is one of the Smart Grid (SG) applications that used to upgrade the current power system by proposing a two-way communication system to connect the smart meter devices at homes with the electric control company. The design and deployment of an efficient routing protocol solution for AMI systems are considered to be a critical challenge due to the constrained resources of the smart meter nodes. IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) was recently standardized by the IETF and originally designed to satisfy the routing requirements of lossy and low power networks like wireless sensors (WSN). We have two kinds of AMI applications, on one hand AMI based WSN and on the other hand AMI based PLC communication. In this paper, we proposed a real and simulated implementation of RPL behavior with proper modifications to support the AMI based WSN routing requirements. We evaluate RPL performance using 140 nodes from the wireless sensor testbed (IoT-LAB) and 1000 nodes using Cooja simulator measure RPL performance within medium and high-density networks. We adopted two routing metrics for path selection: First one is HOP Count (HC) and the second is Expected Transmission Unit (ETX) to evaluate RPL performance in terms of packet delivery ratio; network latency; control traffic overhead; and power consumption. Our results illustrate that routes with ETX calculations in low and medium network densities outperform routes using HC and the performance decreases as the network becomes dense. However, Cooja implementation results provides an average reasonable performance for AMI with high-density networks; still many RPL nodes suffering from high packet loss rates, network congestion and many retransmissions due to the selection of optimal paths with highly unreliable links.

scholarly journals Data Dissemination Based on Fuzzy Logic and Network Coding in Vehicular Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Tang ◽  
Zhi Geng ◽  
Wenlong Chen ◽  
Mojtaba Moharrer
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Network Coding ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Velocity Change ◽  
Backbone Network

Vehicular networks, as a significant technology in intelligent transportation systems, improve the convenience, efficiency, and safety of driving in smart cities. However, because of the high velocity, the frequent topology change, and the limited bandwidth, it is difficult to efficiently propagate data in vehicular networks. This paper proposes a data dissemination scheme based on fuzzy logic and network coding for vehicular networks, named SFN. It uses fuzzy logic to compute a transmission ability for each vehicle by comprehensively considering the effects of three factors: the velocity change rate, the velocity optimization degree, and the channel quality. Then, two nodes with high abilities are selected as primary backbone and slave backbone in every road segment, which propagate data to other vehicles in this segment and forward them to the backbones in the next segment. The backbone network helps to increase the delivery ratio and avoid invalid transmissions. Additionally, network coding is utilized to reduce transmission overhead and accelerate data retransmission in interbackbone forwarding and intrasegment broadcasting. Experiments show that, compared with existing schemes, SFN has a high delivery ratio and a short dissemination delay, while the backbone network keeps high reliability.

AN IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFICIENT PATH SELECTION METHOD FOR SUCCESSFUL DATA TRANSMISSION IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Arjun Jadhaw ◽  
◽  
Vikrant Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Selection Of

Routing is a process of forwarding the data from a known source to the destination. In this procedure, the data might travel during some in-between paths, and there exist a required to select the best probable best possible nodes to forward the data. This best selection of nodes will permit to achieve a high presentation in the network. Big amount of worked has been carried out to find the best pathway in the network routing to progress its effectiveness and to eliminate overcrowding problems. A good routing algorithm should be able to find an optimal path and it must be simple. It also must have low overhead, and be robust and stable, converging rapidly, and must remain flexible. Routing in MANET by means of the direct pathway metric is not a sufficient situation to construct high quality pathway, since minimum hop count routing frequently chooses routes that have considerably less capacity than the best pathway that live in the network. In this article, we suggest a mechanism to prefer the routing protocol based on manifold measure like Throughput, PDR, energy expenditure etc. These paths are quite resourceful. Network presentation will be raise by using these paths. The efficiency of our mechanism is illustrated by simulations conducted using network simulator ns-2.

scholarly journals Reduction in Path Failures by Adopting Multi-Channel Multi -Path in Routing For Dynamic Activity of Primary Users

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Priyank Mishra ◽  
Brajesh Kumar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Dynamic Activity ◽  
Data Routing ◽  
Diversity Techniques ◽  
Primary Users ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Spectrum Band

The Cognitive radio (CR) expertise has been recently proposed to deal with the spectrum shortage problem resulted by inappropriate spectrum supervision policies by enabling unauthorized users to use the authorized spectrum band in opportunistic and non-intrusive vigilant approach. In CRAHNs, the data routing is one of the main challenge as the channel accessibility and the activity of primary users are unpredictable. In this article, a new algorithm is proposed which counteracts the problem of path failure by adopting multi-channel multi-path reverse route for RREP packets. The protocol utilizes the hybrid of path and spectrum diversity techniques in routing. The performance assessment is conducted through simulation using the NS-2 simulator. The performance of the proposed protocol is compared with CAODV and D2CARP protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio, average energy, end-to-end delay, throughput, overhead and hop-count. The simulation consequences prove that the proposed protocol do better than CAODV and D2CARP in terms of the above mentioned performance metrics. 

scholarly journals Trilateral Location based Maximum Weighted Directive Spanning Tree for Optimal Routing in IoV

2021 ◽  
pp. 567-574
Author(s):  
S. Suguna Devi ◽  
A. Bhuvaneswari
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Spanning Tree ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Metrics ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Location Identification

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is one of the developing models in the Vehicular adhoc networks (VANETs) with the vast improvement of communication technologies. In order to improve data transmission among the multiple communities without link breakage, a novel Trilateral Location Identified Maximum Weighted Directive Spanning Tree (TLIMWDST) technique is introduced. The proposed TLIMWDST technique consists of two major phases, namely location identification and optimal path identification to improve the reliability of data transmission from source vehicle to destination vehicle. In the first phase, the location of the neighboring vehicles is identified by applying a trilateration technique.  After the location identification, an optimal route path between the source and destination is identified using Maximum Weighted Directive Spanning Tree (MWDST) through the intermediate nodes. The performance of the TLIMWDST technique is assessed through simulation  as compared to the previous path selection techniques in terms of different routing metrics such as packet delivery ratio, packet loss rate, end-to-end delay and throughput with respect to the number of data packets.  

Optimized routing with efficient energy transmission using Seline Trustworthy optimization for waste management in the smart cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Roshan ◽  
Om Prakash Rishi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Selection Protocol ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Right

Abstract Rapid development in technology provides an emerging growth based on innovation, invention, and diffusion, where the diffusion of resources stands with the proper disposal of wastes, due to the over-utilization of resources, growing population growth, and migration increases the accumulation of wastes especially, in Indian cities. Therefore, managing the wastes effectively is a raising challenge in the metropolitan cities of India, where the continuous monitoring of the wastes and disposal needs to be initiated. In this research, an internet-of-things-based smart waste management system in smart cities (IoT-SWMS) is focused on proposing an optimal path selection protocol that facilitates the continuous monitoring and disposal of wastes. The proposed optimal path selection protocol named Seline trustworthy optimization developed to determine the optimal routing path in IoT network renders the faster communication of the collected data regarding the level of the dustbins, which is disposed properly at the right time. The analysis of the proposed Seline trustworthy optimization-based IoT network for SWMS is performed based on the performance measures, such as delay, throughput, energy, and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) in comparison with the traditional methods. The proposed methodology yields the maximal PDR of 99%, a minimum delay of 0.11 s, and a maximal throughput of 38,400 kbps.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective based Adaptive Meta-Heuristic Algorithm for Optimal Multicast Route Selection in Wireless Ad-Hoc Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6721-6729
Keyword(s):  
Heuristic Algorithm ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Multicast Routing ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Multi Objective

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) built by a lot of mobile nodes which are communicated over remote channel without having any centralized administration and fixed infrastructure. Multicasting is a method to forward a data packet from one node to a number of receivers’ node at a time. There are different challenges in a MANET because of restricted resources and dynamic network topology. Because of the node mobility, performance metrics of the network such as energy, delay, and bandwidth make uncertainty problems in MANET. These uncertainty problems affect the performance of optimal path selection between the source node and the number of destination nodes. So, in this paper, multi-objective based adaptive meta-heuristic algorithm is presented for optimal multicast route selection in MANET. Among the multicast routing paths, optimal routing path is selected using adaptive artificial fish swarm algorithm (AAFSA). For fitness calculation, three objective functions based on energy, delay and bandwidth are derived in this algorithm. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed multicast routing protocol outperforms existing multicast routing protocols in terms of delivery ratio, delay, energy consumption and network lifetime.

scholarly journals Using a New Routing Metric in Paths Discovery Process for MDSR

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1306-1311
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Routing Metric ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Packet Delivery

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is infrastructure-less network that consists of a set of mobile nodes. These nodes have limited power based on their batteries. Network lifetime is one of the most important challenges facing this type of networks; motivating many researchers to investigate alternatives that prolong the network lifetime. This paper proposes a new path selection metric that considers the ratio between the minimum residual energy of all route nodes and hop count value to select a rout in MDSR routing protocol. The discovered paths are checked periodically for ensuring their availabilities using special packets called DTC. Glomosim simulator is used to compare the modified MDSR protocol with the traditional MDSR and other existing protocols as well. Simulation results showed that the proposed routing protocol outperformed the traditional MDSR protocol in terms of network lifetime, packet delivery ratio and end to end delay. Moreover, it showed improved performance over other existing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio and network lifetime.

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