scholarly journals Implementation of LWM2M Protocol in Constrained IoT Devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3579-3584
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Home Automation ◽  
Protocol Stack ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Real World Application ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Client Side

An emerging Lightweight machine to machine had been indulged with a high speed portable client-server specification. The LWM2M was helpfull for constrained networks. It has systematic machine manipulation also with an invulnerability venture, was supported in IoT applications. Research activities also focus on the server domain was in process in LWM2M. In LWM2M end-nodes are always resource-constrained. The client-side authorized LWM2M functionalities are not only critical and crucial also challenging. To approach the client-side set-up in LWM2M, it has a proper authenticity environment embedded in hand with IoT node. Its interconnection was predetermined to associate with the lightweight protocol stack and response was figured up by the LWM2M v1.0 specification. The usability and effectiveness of Lightweight protocol validated using a real-world application. Building a home automation product is one of the most effective parts is to think about protocols. Thus the LWM2M protocols are one of the efficient ways to communicate to gateways, servers, and sensors.

scholarly journals A Model based Test Pattern Generation and Testing Framework for IoT Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10S) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Keyword(s):  
Test Pattern ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Home Automation ◽  
Test Automation ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Future Extension ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Automation Framework

The whole world is entering towards the trend of smart technology. Internet of Things ( IoT) is an important domain behind this enormous growth. A simple IoT system consists of a device or actuators or sensors, which are connected to software with the help of an internet. The embedded sensors can be monitored and managed from remote place through the network from anywhere in the world internet. There are various applications that are supported in this domain due to this feature. They are smart agriculture, Home automation, been applied in various domains like Home automation, Patient Health Monitoring, Smart City, Smart Agriculture and much more. The usage of these applications is increasing day by day, so there arises a need for verifying and validating the IoT devices in all aspects. The test automation framework that generates test pattern for various testing of IoT application domains that deploys in a sequence process of test patterns which can be easily started for the development of IoT scenarios described. To test their IoT device, there is a need for proper testing techniques for IoT applications through different IoT developers follow their own strategy. The main goal of the automation framework is to reduce the effort in the testing process and to make the test process easier for testing the IoT applications by generating various test patterns various tests depends on a number of IoT test patterns, which allows the process of various operations as the future extension.

scholarly journals The embedded framework for securing the Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feroz Khan A.B ◽  
◽  
Anandharaj G ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Security Protocols ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Home Automation ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Entire Network

The smart devices connected on the internet turn to be the internet of things, which connect other objects or devices through unique identifiers with the capability of transferring and receiving the information over the internet. There are numerous applications in different areas such as healthcare, home automation, transportation, military, agriculture, and still so many sectors that incorporate cutting-edge technologies of communication, networking, cloud computing, sensing, and actuation. With this huge increase in the number of connected devices, a strong security mechanism is required to protect the IoT devices. Hence, it is required to focus on the challenges and issues of IoT enabled applications to safeguard the entire network from the outside invasion. This paper discusses some of the challenges in building IoT applications, a detailed study of the existing security protocols, and its issues, and the potential of the IoT.

Loss determination at a linear cascade under consideration of thermal effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (1280) ◽  
pp. 1592-1614
Author(s):  
S. Aberle-Kern ◽  
R. Niehuis ◽  
T. Ripplinger
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Linear Cascade ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Profile Loss

ABSTRACTTargeting higher efficiencies and lower fuel consumption of turbomachines, heat transfer and profile loss are research topics of particular interest. In contrast to that, the interaction of both was, so far, rarely investigated, but gains in importance in recent research activities. The profile loss of engine components can be characterised by the airfoil wakes at the blade rows utilising established measurement and evaluation methods for which an adiabatic flow is typically supposed. To enable the investigation of the influence of heat transfer at the blade on the loss characteristics, a novel evaluation procedure was set up. In addition to the pneumatic data, the total temperature in the airfoil wake at a linear cascade was measured by means of a five-hole probe with an integrated thermocouple. For the evaluation and analysis of these data, different definitions of the loss coefficient were investigated and, finally, extended to account for thermal aspects. Furthermore, established techniques to average the local wake data were applied and compared with special focus to their suitability for non-adiabatic cases. Moreover, an extended version of the mixed-out average as defined by Amecke was utilised applying not only a far-reaching consideration of a temperature gradient but also the inclusion of the third spatial dimension to enable the evaluation of field traverses in addition to single wake traverses. These techniques were applied to wake measurement data from a linear compressor cascade gained in a special test set-up in the high-speed cascade wind tunnel for different operating points and different blade temperatures. The suitability of the new methods could be proven, and initial steps of the aerodynamic analysis of the resulting data are presented. Thereby, the acquired techniques turned out as powerful methods for the evaluation of wake traverses on compressor and turbine cascades under non-adiabatic conditions.

scholarly journals Virtualizing AI at the Distributed Edge Towards Intelligent IoT Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Claudia Campolo ◽  
Giacomo Genovese ◽  
Antonio Iera ◽  
Antonella Molinaro
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Consumer Devices ◽  
Hardware Platforms ◽  
Smart Factories

Several Internet of Things (IoT) applications are booming which rely on advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and, in particular, machine learning (ML) algorithms to assist the users and make decisions on their behalf in a large variety of contexts, such as smart homes, smart cities, smart factories. Although the traditional approach is to deploy such compute-intensive algorithms into the centralized cloud, the recent proliferation of low-cost, AI-powered microcontrollers and consumer devices paves the way for having the intelligence pervasively spread along the cloud-to-things continuum. The take off of such a promising vision may be hurdled by the resource constraints of IoT devices and by the heterogeneity of (mostly proprietary) AI-embedded software and hardware platforms. In this paper, we propose a solution for the AI distributed deployment at the deep edge, which lays its foundation in the IoT virtualization concept. We design a virtualization layer hosted at the network edge that is in charge of the semantic description of AI-embedded IoT devices, and, hence, it can expose as well as augment their cognitive capabilities in order to feed intelligent IoT applications. The proposal has been mainly devised with the twofold aim of (i) relieving the pressure on constrained devices that are solicited by multiple parties interested in accessing their generated data and inference, and (ii) and targeting interoperability among AI-powered platforms. A Proof-of-Concept (PoC) is provided to showcase the viability and advantages of the proposed solution.

scholarly journals Spectrum Based Power Management for Congested IoT Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2681
Author(s):  
Kedir Mamo Besher ◽  
Juan Ivan Nieto-Hipolito ◽  
Raymundo Buenrostro-Mariscal ◽  
Mohammed Zamshed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Channel Allocation ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Packet Routing ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Set Up

With constantly increasing demand in connected society Internet of Things (IoT) network is frequently becoming congested. IoT sensor devices lose more power while transmitting data through congested IoT networks. Currently, in most scenarios, the distributed IoT devices in use have no effective spectrum based power management, and have no guarantee of a long term battery life while transmitting data through congested IoT networks. This puts user information at risk, which could lead to loss of important information in communication. In this paper, we studied the extra power consumed due to retransmission of IoT data packet and bad communication channel management in a congested IoT network. We propose a spectrum based power management solution that scans channel conditions when needed and utilizes the lowest congested channel for IoT packet routing. It also effectively measured power consumed in idle, connected, paging and synchronization status of a standard IoT device in a congested IoT network. In our proposed solution, a Freescale Freedom Development Board (FREDEVPLA) is used for managing channel related parameters. While supervising the congestion level and coordinating channel allocation at the FREDEVPLA level, our system configures MAC and Physical layer of IoT devices such that it provides the outstanding power utilization based on the operating network in connected mode compared to the basic IoT standard. A model has been set up and tested using freescale launchpads. Test data show that battery life of IoT devices using proposed spectrum based power management increases by at least 30% more than non-spectrum based power management methods embedded within IoT devices itself. Finally, we compared our results with the basic IoT standard, IEEE802.15.4. Furthermore, the proposed system saves lot of memory for IoT devices, improves overall IoT network performance, and above all, decrease the risk of losing data packets in communication. The detail analysis in this paper also opens up multiple avenues for further research in future use of channel scanning by FREDEVPLA board.

scholarly journals Implementation analysis of IoT-based offloading frameworks on cloud/edge computing for sensor generated big data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karan Bajaj ◽  
Bhisham Sharma ◽  
Raman Singh
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Computation Offloading ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Time Sensitivity ◽  
Implementation Analysis ◽  
Increasing Demand

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) applications and services are increasingly becoming a part of daily life; from smart homes to smart cities, industry, agriculture, it is penetrating practically in every domain. Data collected over the IoT applications, mostly through the sensors connected over the devices, and with the increasing demand, it is not possible to process all the data on the devices itself. The data collected by the device sensors are in vast amount and require high-speed computation and processing, which demand advanced resources. Various applications and services that are crucial require meeting multiple performance parameters like time-sensitivity and energy efficiency, computation offloading framework comes into play to meet these performance parameters and extreme computation requirements. Computation or data offloading tasks to nearby devices or the fog or cloud structure can aid in achieving the resource requirements of IoT applications. In this paper, the role of context or situation to perform the offloading is studied and drawn to a conclusion, that to meet the performance requirements of IoT enabled services, context-based offloading can play a crucial role. Some of the existing frameworks EMCO, MobiCOP-IoT, Autonomic Management Framework, CSOS, Fog Computing Framework, based on their novelty and optimum performance are taken for implementation analysis and compared with the MAUI, AnyRun Computing (ARC), AutoScaler, Edge computing and Context-Sensitive Model for Offloading System (CoSMOS) frameworks. Based on the study of drawn results and limitations of the existing frameworks, future directions under offloading scenarios are discussed.

scholarly journals Preferences for Updates on General Research Results: A Survey of Participants in Genomic Research from Two Institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Casey Overby Taylor ◽  
Natalie Flaks Manov ◽  
Katherine D. Crew ◽  
Chunhua Weng ◽  
John J. Connolly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Set Up

There is a need for multimodal strategies to keep research participants informed about study results. Our aim was to characterize preferences of genomic research participants from two institutions along four dimensions of general research result updates: content, timing, mechanism, and frequency. Methods: We conducted a web-based cross-sectional survey that was administered from 25 June 2018 to 5 December 2018. Results: 397 participants completed the survey, most of whom (96%) expressed a desire to receive research updates. Preferences with high endorsement included: update content (brief descriptions of major findings, descriptions of purpose and goals, and educational material); update timing (when the research is completed, when findings are reviewed, when findings are published, and when the study status changes); update mechanism (email with updates, and email newsletter); and update frequency (every three months). Hierarchical cluster analyses based on the four update preferences identified four profiles of participants with similar preference patterns. Very few participants in the largest profile were comfortable with budgeting less money for research activities so that researchers have money to set up services to send research result updates to study participants. Conclusion: Future studies may benefit from exploring preferences for research result updates, as we have in our study. In addition, this work provides evidence of a need for funders to incentivize researchers to communicate results to participants.

scholarly journals A Secure and Scalable Smart Home Gateway to Bridge Technology Fragmentation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3587
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Simeoni ◽  
Eugenio Gaeta ◽  
Rebeca I. García-Betances ◽  
Dave Raggett ◽  
Alejandro M. Medrano-Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Home ◽  
Home Automation ◽  
Dynamic Configuration ◽  
Home Gateway ◽  
Security Authentication ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Authentication And Authorization ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Bridge Technology

Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are already playing an important role in our daily activities as we use them and rely on them to increase our abilities, connectivity, productivity and quality of life. However, there are still obstacles to achieving a unique interface able to transfer full control to users given the diversity of protocols, properties and specifications in the varied IoT ecosystem. Particularly for the case of home automation systems, there is a high degree of fragmentation that limits interoperability, increasing the complexity and costs of developments and holding back their real potential of positively impacting users. In this article, we propose implementing W3C’s Web of Things Standard supported by home automation ontologies, such as SAREF and UniversAAL, to deploy the Living Lab Gateway that allows users to consume all IoT devices from a smart home, including those physically wired and using KNX® technology. This work, developed under the framework of the EC funded Plan4Act project, includes relevant features such as security, authentication and authorization provision, dynamic configuration and injection of devices, and devices abstraction and mapping into ontologies. Its deployment is explained in two scenarios to show the achieved technology’s degree of integration, the code simplicity for developers and the system’s scalability: one consisted of external hardware interfacing with the smart home, and the other of the injection of a new sensing device. A test was executed providing metrics that indicate that the Living Lab Gateway is competitive in terms of response performance.

Study on Magnetic Barrel Machine Equipped with Three-Dimensional Arrangement of Magnets

2007 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 761-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
Masato Yoshioka ◽  
Shin-Ichiro Hira
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
High Speed Video ◽  
High Speed Video Camera ◽  
The Media ◽  
Set Up

At present, a commercially available magnetic barrel machine equipped with permanent magnets has some faults arising from constructional reason. That is, grinding or finishing ability is different from place to place in the machining region, resulting in the limitation on the region we can use in the container of workpieces. Therefore, in this research, authors made the new magnetic barrel machine equipped with three dimensional (3D) magnet arrangement to overcome these faults. The grinding ability of the new 3D magnetic barrel machine converted was experimentally examined, and compared with that of the traditional magnetic barrel machine. As a result, it was shown that we can use much broader region in the new 3D machine. It was also shown that the grinding ability became higher. The distribution of barrel media in action was recorded by means of a high speed video camera. It was clarified that the media rose up higher and were distributed more uniformly in the container by the effect of the magnet block newly set up. It was supposed that this must be the reason for the above-mentioned improvement of grinding ability.

Effect of Nanosized Filler on Matrix Dominated Properties of Fiber Reinforced Epoxy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanxin Zhou ◽  
Shaik Jeelani
Keyword(s):  
Compression Strength ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Trapped Air ◽  
Nano Fiber ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Mechanical Agitator ◽  
Laminar Shear ◽  
Nanosized Filler

In this study, a high-intensity ultrasonic liquid processor was used to obtain a homogeneous molecular mixture of epoxy resin and carbon nano fiber. The carbon nano fibers were infused into the part A of SC-15 (diglycidylether of Bisphenol A) through sonic cavitations and then mixed with part B of SC-15 (cycloaliphatic amine hardener) using a high-speed mechanical agitator. The trapped air and reaction volatiles were removed from the mixture using high vacuum. Nanophased epoxy with 2 wt.% CNF was then utilized in a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) set up with carbon fabric to fabricate laminated composites. The effectiveness of CNF addition on matrix dominated properties of composites has been evaluated by compression, open hole compression and inter-laminar shear. The compression strength, open hole compression strength and ILS were improved by 21%, 23% and 15%, respectively as compared to the neat composite.

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