scholarly journals Buddhist Priyatti Education Systems in Myanmar

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5S3) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Education System ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
The Third ◽  
Monastic Communities ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century

“As regards Buddhist Priyatti education system in Myanmar, since the 17th century, the PāliPathamapyan exam have always been conducted by the government and consequently been known as government examinations. Also considered are various formal examination boards and their curricula, such as the Sakyasīha, Cetiyaṅgaṇa, ant the Sāmaṇekyaw introduced by non-governmental Buddhist organizations during the 19th century; the stat eDhammācariya examinations, introduced by the government in 1946, and the first Tipiṭaka selection examination provided in 1948.Now a day, not only developed government Priyatti education systems, but also developed non-government Priyatti education and Buddhist University in Myanmar. Theaim of this paper will approach four stapeses of study; the first one is that how to learn and way of life of monks and novices in Myanmar Priyatti monasteries; the second will be explorationthe government Priyatti education systems; the third will mentionnon-government educations; and the last onewill discover the condition of Priyatti Buddhist University in modern Myanmar and record the attitude of monastic communities by doing questionnaires survey.”

Father John of Kronstadt about the Monarchy in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Galina V. Talina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Outstanding Representative

The article deals with the views of Father John of Kronstadt on the monarchy in Russia through the prism of the conception of an ideal Orthodox sovereign formed in pre-Petrine Russia. The author of the article compares the opinions of a cleric who was also an outstanding representative of the conservative thought, with the ideas reflected in the documents of the 17th century. Special attention is paid to certain characteristics of Russian reforms in the second half of the 19th century given by Father John. The author also analyzes the influence of the social and state transformations in Russia in the period of the first Russian revolution on Father John’s attitude to the government, incipient parties and changes in public morals.

scholarly journals Huygens: lost – regained – revised. De literair-historische receptie van Constantijn Huygens in de eerste helft van de 19e eeuw

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Przemysław Paluszek
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Literary Historiography ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Historical Figure ◽  
Dutch Literature ◽  
The 19Th Century

Huygens: lost ‒ regained ‒ revised. De literair-historische receptievan Constantijn Huygens in de eerste helftvan de 19e eeuwFrom the beginning of professional Dutch Studies M. Siegenbeek’s inauguration as professor elo­quentiae hollandicae extraordinarius, 1797 the 17th century Dutch writers P.C. Hooft and Joost van den Vondel are present in Dutch literary studies and literary historiography. The position of ConstantijnHuygens, whom the contemporary literary scholars also include in the Grote Vijf Great Five of the 17th-century Dutch literature besides Vondel, Hooft, Cats and Bredero, was gradually changing dur­ing the 19th century. This article postulates that the reception of Huygens in literary historiography of the first half of the 19th century can be divided into three phases. In the first phase Huygens’ works practically disappeared from the Dutch literary landscape. The second phase encompasses growing interest for Huygens as an important historical figure. In the third phase it is possible to observe a shift in critical reception of Huygens: from Huygens as a historical person to Huygens as a poet.

scholarly journals Zwermen mensen en véél water – Tsjechen over het Nederlandse landschap

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Wilken Engelbrecht
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Karel Capek ◽  
The 19Th Century

Swarms of people and lots of water – Czech people on the Dutch landscapeThe paper concerns the image of Dutch scenery in several travel messages of Czech people from the 17th through the 20th centuries. The paper starts with the presentation of two diaries written in the 17th century by the Counts Sternberg and the Protestant Hartmann. One of the first real Czech tourists of the 19th century Josef Štolba is the third author discussed in this study. Then, the paper focuses on the better-known writer Karel Čapek and ends with the discussion of two 20th-century travellers. The paper aims to show which elements are constant in the Czech picture of the Dutch landscape throughout the centuries.

EKSISTENSI METODE BANDONGAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TAFSIR PADA PESANTREN DI ERA KONTEMPORER

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-180
Author(s):  
Afifullah Afifullah
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Education System ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
The 19Th Century

The views of Van Den Berg and Martin Van Bruinessen was quoted by Rosihon Anwar et.all. stated that the method of learning tafsir used in pesantren in the 19th century was the bandongan and sorogan method. The views of the two figures above are reinforced by Rosihon Anwar et al. in his research conducted in 2015 that the study of tafsir on pesantren in West Java was still dominated by Jala̅layn interpretation by using the bandongan method. Seeing Van den Berg, Martin van Bruinessen and Rosihon Anwar et all.’s reports as if  the method that used in Pesantren for tafsir learning just bandongan and sorogan method. Event though globalization, westernization, the modern education system brought by the Dutch, some government regulations that tend to adopt modern education systems in turn always haunt the pesantren. In order to find the background of the existence of the bandongan method in learning interpretation in pesantren in the contemporary era, the author uses a phenomenological approach. The object of the research was carried out at the Islamic boarding school in Sumenep. The results of this study reports that the using of the bandongan and sorogan methods commonly used in pesantren in tafsir learning because it is influenced by several things; first, sufism impact which developed after the collapse of the Abbisayah Dynasty, so it was believed that the kiai were the only source of knowledge or centered teacher as well as murshid in the tarekat. Second, the influence of Zarnuji's book entitled "Ta'lim Muta'allim" which is the majority of pesantren in Indonesia uses this book as a moral material. Third. Doctrinalization of one of the ideals that would be instilled in students. Furthermore, this study also found a shift in the use of interpretive learning methods based on educational background, scholarship, the target of the teacher's interpretation, and the ability of students.

Alcyonium bursa Linnaeus, 1758 is not a sponge

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4951 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
ROB W.M. VAN SOEST ◽  
ALEXANDER PLOTKIN
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Type Species ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Paragorgia Arborea ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the 10th edition of the Systema Naturae (Linnaeus, 1758), which is the starting point of the Code for Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN Art. 3), Linnaeus named three species of the genus Alcyonium, A. arboreum, A. digitatum, and A. bursa. The genus name Alcyonium was based on the 16th and 17th century pre-Linnaean use for a diversity of marine organisms, including cnidarians, sponges, bryozoans, and algae. In the first valid presentation of the genus name, Linnaeus narrowed this down to comprise two clear cnidarians (A. arboreum, currently Paragorgia arborea, and A. digitatum, still accepted under this name and subsequently assigned as type species), but the pre-Linnaean diversity perhaps explains why the third species, A. bursa, was not recognized as a cnidarian. Linnaeus defined it as ‘Alcyonium acaule pulposum subglobosum. Habitat in O. Europaea.’ (translated as: Alcyonium without stalk, fleshy, semiglobular. From the European Ocean).’ Attempts to fix its identity among contemporary authors at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century followed a checkered course, with opinions varying from algae to tunicates and sponges. 

scholarly journals JOAN OF ARC BY D. S. MEREZHKOVSKY: SOURCES AND IMAGERY

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 282-300
Author(s):  
Veronica Zuseva-Özkan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Joan Of Arc ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the eternal image of the warrior maid in the works of D. S. Merezhkovsky, its constant features and evolution. His later book Joan of Arc (1938) is compared in this aspect to his early poem “A Legend from T. Tasso” (1882). Special attention is heeded to the analysis of the sources of Joan of Arc and the interpretation of the heroine as a warrior maid in comparison with the preceding texts, on the one hand, and “A Legend from T. Tasso,” on the other hand. Merezhkovsky’s creative reception of the historiographic tradition depicting Joan of Arc combines the topoi of its different versions (he reproduces a number of ideas characteristic of the texts written for the rehabilitation trial of Joan; the heroic discourse of the Renaissance historiography; the position of the 17th-century historians with Providentialist views; the representation of Joan of Arc as a folk heroine, typical for the liberal historians of the 19th century), but this conglomerate is subject to his own concept of the Kingdom of the Third Testament. It is established that, although in Joan of Arc Merezhkovsky sticks closer to the prior texts than in “A Legend from T. Tasso” on the superficial level and seeks to create the impression of documental accuracy, in fact, he uses the same mythologization method, as in his earlier work. The direction of modifications made by the author to the historiographic canon depends on his religious, mystical, and historiosophical notions.

scholarly journals Miasta w polityce władz Królestwa Polskiego w latach 1815–1830

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4 (1)) ◽  
pp. 123-141
Author(s):  
Rafał Kania
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dynamic Development ◽  
Limited Scale ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century

Cities and towns are of greater significance than a mere form of urbanization. They are centres of development and progress, accumulating the potential of industry and culture. The 19th century was the period of a dynamic development of cities and towns in Europe. It also saw flourishing of the middle-class and maturing of their views and system of values. Those processes involved towns on the territory of the Commonwealth of Poland, although on a very limited scale. This was a consequence of the exceptional situation after the Third Partition in 1795. The article analyses the position of towns in the policy of the government of the Kingdom of Poland (1815–1830).

All scientists now: the Royal Society in the nineteenth century

1990 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-134
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
John Herschel ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century

Marie Boas Hall, All scientists now: the Royal Society in the nineteenth century , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. Pp. xii + 261, £25.00. ISBN: 0-521-26746-3. The effort and meticulous scholarship which characterized Hall’s studies of 17th century science and which (together with the work of her husband) transformed the study of the Scientific Revolution and laid the foundations for current studies of this period, have been utilized in this history of the Royal Society in the 19th century. As with her work on Henry Oldenburg and the formative years of the Royal Society in the 17th century, she has found in the 19th century a period of extraordinary interest. The study opens with the Society, unbeknown to itself, only half way through the Presidency of Joseph Banks. The Society’s Fellowship comprised those who were what we would now call scientists (though few professionals) and those who were interested in natural knowledge either intellectually or for practical purposes - there being a very strong contingent of Admiralty and Naval Fellows who were closely connected with Banks’s patronage. When the study ends, in 1899, the Society was composed mainly of professional scientists. The first half of the book shows how this change was wrought by professional scientists consciously striving to exclude those Fellows representing broader cultural interests - thereby depriving the Society of many non-scientists who would, like their predecessors, have been useful Fellows in forging links between the Society and other parts of society. Thus the election of the Duke of Sussex against John Herschel for President in 1830 is well discussed, as is the subsequent reform movement leading up to the change of the Statutes in 1847. The second half of the book is devoted to discussing what the Society did, apart from act as a meeting place for Fellows to learn about each others’ work. This concentrates on the encouragement of science (and of scientific exploration), relations with other learned societies and with the government. It is in these latter two subjects that the chief motors propelling the Society to restrict membership almost entirely to practising scientists are to be found.

THE IDEA OF «COMMUNITY» IN THE GOVERNMENT CONCEPTS OF GALICIA OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Ilyn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the views of social and political thinkers of Galicia in the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. on the right and manner of organizing a nation-state as a cathedral. Method. The methodology includes a set of general scientific, special legal, special historical and philosophical methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematic and comprehensive. The problem-chronological approach made it possible to identify the main stages of the evolution of the content of the idea of catholicity in Galicia's legal thought of the 19th century. Results. It is established that the idea of catholicity, which was borrowed from church terminology, during the nineteenth century. acquired clear legal and philosophical features that turned it into an effective principle of achieving state unity and integrity. For the Ukrainian statesmen of the 19th century. the idea of catholicity became fundamental in view of the separation of Ukrainians between the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. The idea of unity of Ukrainians of Galicia and the Dnieper region, formulated for the first time by the members of the Russian Trinity, underwent a long evolution and received theoretical reflection in the work of Bachynsky's «Ukraine irredenta». It is established that catholicity should be understood as a legal principle, according to which decisions are made in dialogue, by consensus, and thus able to satisfy the absolute majority of citizens of the state. For Galician Ukrainians, the principle of unity in the nineteenth century. implemented through the prism of «state» and «international» approaches. Scientific novelty. The main stages of formation and development of the idea of catholicity in the views of social and political figures of Halychyna of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries are highlighted in the work. and highlighting the distinctive features of «national statehood» that they promoted and understood as possible in the process of unification of Ukrainian lands into one state. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further historical and legal studies, preparation of special courses.

CAPRICCIOʼS GENRE IN MANDOLIN MUSIC AT THE END OF THE 19th – THE EARLY OF THE 20th CENTURIES (for example of the concert pieces by С. Munier)

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
N. V. Bashmakova ◽  
K. V. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Concert Works ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of this article is process of analyzing in reference to concert capriccio by C. Munier for mandolin with piano («Bizzarria», op. 201, Spanish сapriccio, op. 276) from the point of view of their genre specificity. Methodology. The research is based on the historical approach, which determines the specifics of the genre of Capriccio in the music of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and in the work of C. Munier; the computational and analytical methods used to identify the peculiarities of the formulation and the performing interpretation of the original concert pianos for mandolins with piano that, according to the genre orientation (according to the composerʼs remarks), are defined as capriccio. Scientific novelty. The creation of Florentine composer,61mandolinist-vertuoso and pedagog C. Munier, which made about 300 compositions, is exponential for represented scientific vector. Concert works by C. Munier for mandolin and piano, created in the capriccio genre, were not yet considered in the art of the outdoors, as the creativity and composer’s style of the famous mandolinist. Conclusions. Thus, appealing to capriccio by С. Munier, which created only two works, embodied in them virtually all the evolutionary stages of the development of genre. In his opus of this genre there are a vocal, inherent in capriccio of the 17th century solo presentation, virtuosity, originality, which were embodied in the works of 17th – 18th centuries and the national color of the 19th century is clearly expressed. Thus, the Spanish capriccio is a kind of «musical encyclopedia» of national dance, which features are characteristic features of bolero, tarantella, habanera, and so forth. The originality of opus number 201 – «Bizzarria», is embodied in the parameters of shaping (expanded cadence of the soloist in the beginning) and emphasized virtuosity, which is realized in a wide register range, a variety of technical elements.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document