scholarly journals Air Quality in Buraydah, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-861
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Exposure to outdoor and indoor air particles (also known as particulate matter or PM) has attracted the interest of the scientific researchers around the world, this is because of the adverse health effects that particles have on the human. Smaller fractions of particulate matter (repairable range, ≤10 µm) give the greatest health problem, because they have the ability to reach deeper parts of the human respiratory system. Many countries have paid attention to the air pollution and made regulations to improve their indoor and outdoor air quality, Saudi Arabia, particularly Qassim region, has not given much attention to the problem of air contaminants in the ambient and indoor environments. In addition, ambient environmental parameters will be recorded. The results obtained from the indoor and outdoor measurements will help us to evaluate the air quality in Buraydah city for different seasons in the indoor and outdoor environments.

scholarly journals Reliability Validation of a Low-Cost Particulate Matter IoT Sensor in Indoor and Outdoor Environments Using a Reference Sampler

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Trilles ◽  
Ana Belen Vicente ◽  
Pablo Juan ◽  
Francisco Ramos ◽  
Sergi Meseguer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

A suitable and quick determination of air quality allows the population to be alerted with respect to high concentrations of pollutants. Recent advances in computer science have led to the development of a high number of low-cost sensors, improving the spatial and temporal resolution of air quality data while increasing the effectiveness of risk assessment. The main objective of this work is to perform a validation of a particulate matter (PM) sensor (HM-3301) in indoor and outdoor environments to study PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. To date, this sensor has not been evaluated in real-world situations, and its data quality has not been documented. Here, the HM-3301 sensor is integrated into an Internet of things (IoT) platform to establish a permanent Internet connection. The validation is carried out using a reference sampler (LVS3 of Derenda) according to EN12341:2014. It is focused on statistical insight, and environmental conditions are not considered in this study. The ordinary Linear Model, the Generalized Linear Model, Locally Estimated Scatterplot Smoothing, and the Generalized Additive Model have been proposed to compare and contrast the outcomes. The low-cost sensor is highly correlated with the reference measure ( R 2 greater than 0.70), especially for PM2.5, with a very high accuracy value. In addition, there is a positive relationship between the two measurements, which can be appropriately fitted through the Locally Estimated Scatterplot Smoothing model.

scholarly journals Assessing public perceptions about road lighting in five neighborhoods of Tirana, Albania

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuenda Laze
Keyword(s):  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

The light use was assessed in ten indoor and outdoor environments of Tirana, Albania, in November 2017. The five indoor environments presented one lecture hall, one library and three labs in a school environment. The five major streets of the capital city of Tirana presented outdoor environments. Questionnaires were respectively used to assess two criteria of “Vista” and “Visual comfort” of daylight in indoor environments and security, obstacle detection and visibility in outdoor environments. Lighting quality aspects of “Vista” were evaluated at a higher rank compared to “Visual comfort”. The approximately 87 and 60 percent of respondents respectively were not able to detect a pavement obstacle after the sunset (dark) or to distinguish a familiar face at a distance of 5 and 10 m in outdoor environments. Lighting was respectively inadequately comfort to 86 percent of users in five indoor environments. Road lighting after dark was not satisfactory to 60 percent of respondents in outdoor environments. These initial findings identify that lighting could generally be inadequate in indoor and outdoor environments in Tirana. Further research is required on the light use in built environments in Tirana, Albania.

scholarly journals Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Indoor and Outdoor Environments

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Xueli Xu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Liting Zhu ◽  
Qiansheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Property A ◽  
The World ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Great Damage ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Since the outbreak in late December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread across the globe, causing great damage to human life and property. A lot of researchers around the world have devoted themselves to the study of its origin, pathogenic mechanism, and transmission route, and this article gives a summary. First, both humans and animals can act as the host of coronavirus. In indoor environments, the virus may exist in aerosols, droplets, saliva, etc., from the nose and mouth connected to the respiratory system, as well as feces, urine, etc., from the digestive and urinary systems. In addition, other substances, such as breast milk, eye feces, and blood, released from the host can carry viruses. The virus transmitted indoors is affected by indoor machinery, natural forces, and human activities, and spreads in different distances. Second, the virus spreads outdoors through three kinds of media: solid, liquid, and gas, and is affected by their survival time, the temperature, and humidity in the environment.

scholarly journals Measurements of Indoor and Outdoor Fine Particulate Matter during the Heating Period in Jinan, in North China: Chemical Composition, Health Risk, and Source Apportionment

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Gao ◽  
Weidong Gao ◽  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Ziyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
North China ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
Indoor Pm2.5 ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was simultaneously collected from the indoor and outdoor environments in urban area of Jinan in North China from November to December 2018 to evaluate the characteristics and sources of indoor PM2.5 pollution. The concentrations of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 were 69.0 ± 50.5 µg m−3 and 128.7 ± 67.9 µg m−3, respectively, much higher than the WHO-established 24-h standards for PM2.5, indicating serious PM2.5 pollution of indoor and outdoor environments in urban Jinan. SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, and organic carbon (OC) were the predominant components, which accounted for more than 60% of the PM2.5 concentration. The total elemental risk values in urban Jinan for the three highly vulnerable groups of population (children (aged 2–6 years and 6–12 years) and older adults (≥70 years)) were nearly 1, indicating that exposure to all of the elements in PM2.5 had potential non-carcinogenic risks to human health. Further analyses of the indoor/outdoor concentration ratios, infiltration rates (FINF), and indoor-generated concentration (Cig) indicated that indoor PM2.5 and its major chemical components (SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, OC, and elemental carbon) were primarily determined by outdoor pollution. The lower indoor NO3−/SO42− ratio and FINF of NO3− relative to the outdoor values were due to the volatility of NO3−. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was performed to estimate the sources of PM2.5 using the combined datasets of indoor and outdoor environments and revealed that secondary aerosols, dust, cement production, and coal combustion/metal smelting were the major sources during the sampling period.

Providing Outdoor and Indoor Ubiquity with WLANs

2011 ◽  
pp. 1155-1168
Author(s):  
Diana Bri ◽  
Hugo Coll ◽  
Sandra Sendra ◽  
Jaime Lloret
Keyword(s):  
Local Area ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Analytical Point ◽  
Wireless Interfaces ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Wireless Local Area Networks are very useful for the most applications based on network. Nowadays, these types of networks are the most powerful in the communication’s world. It can be developed in almost all environments and products are cheap and robust. Moreover, these networks can be formed by different devices with wireless interfaces like IP cameras, laptops, PDAs, sensors, etc. WLANs provide high bandwidth at large coverage areas (if high gain antennas are used), which it is necessary in many applications at different research areas. All these characteristics let WLANs be a useful technology to provide ubiquity for any type of service. If they are deployed from a good and exhaustive design, they can provide connection to any device, everywhere at anytime. In this paper we present a complete guideline about how to design and deploy WLANs and to get their best performance. We start from an analytical point of view and we use mathematical expressions to design WLANs in both indoor and outdoor environments. Then, we show a method proposed by some authors of this paper some years ago and how it can be used to design WLANs in indoor environments. Next, we show WLANs design in outdoor environments. Finally, we describe two projects developed by the authors of this chapter in order to provide ubiquity in real indoor and outdoor environments.

scholarly journals Behavior of the cultivable airborne mycobiota in air-conditioned environments of three Havanan archives, Cuba.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Flavia Borrego Alonso ◽  
Alian Molina
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
Principal Species ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

High concentrations of environmental fungi in the archives repositories are dangerous for the documents preserved in those places and for the workers' health. The aims of this work were to evaluate the behavior of the fungal concentration and diversity in the indoor air of repositories of 3 archives located in Havana, Cuba, and to demonstrate the potential risk that these taxa represent for the documentary heritage preserved in these institutions. The indoor and outdoor environments were sampled with a biocollector. From the I/O ratios, it was evident that two of the studied archives were not contaminated, while one of them did show contamination despite having temperature and relative humidity values very similar to the other two. Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium were the predominant genera in the indoor environments. New finds for archival environments were the genera Harposporium and Scolecobasidium. The principal species classified ecologically as abundant were C. cladosporioides and P. citrinum. They are known as opportunistic pathogenic fungi. All the analyzed taxa excreted acids, the most of them degraded cellulose, starch and gelatin while about 48% excreted different pigments. But 33% of them showed the highest biodeteriogenic potential, evidencing that they are the most dangerous for the documentary collections.

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