scholarly journals Effect AF Reduced Irrigation on Flowering, Fruit Set and Yield of Indeterminate Tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 932-936
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Flower Abortion ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Drought stress has become an important limiting factor for tomato growth and yield. To evaluate the effect of water stress on the productivity nine tomato genotypes were grown in a field at the Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute under two watering regimes - optimum and 50% reduced. Flower number, fruit number, fruit weight and flower abortion rate were measured. The studied tomato genotypes showed different behavior in response to drought stress. A decrease of flower number, fruit number and fruit weight from 2nd to 5th trusses was observed in scarcity. Water stress reduced the flower number by 25% and fruit number by 58% compared to the control plants. The highest reduction of the fruit weight of 76.1% and 78.3% respectively was registered in the 4th and 5th trusses.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Magnesium, Boron, dan Pupuk Hayati terhadap Produktivitas Cabai serta Serangan Hama dan Penyakit (Effect of Magnesium, Boron, and Biofertilizers on Chili Pepper Productivity and Impact of Pests and Diseases)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Wiwin Setiawati ◽  
Ahsol Hasyim ◽  
Bagus Kukuh Udiarto ◽  
Abdi Hudayya
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Impact

<p>Penggunaan pupuk hayati dan unsur hara makro sekunder seperti magnesium (Mg) dan hara mikro boron (B) diketahui dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan, kualitas hasil tanaman, meningkatkan unsur hara dalam tanah serta mampu meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit. Selain itu penggunaan pupuk tersebut dapat mengurangi kebutuhan terhadap pupuk kimia sintetis. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi Mg, B, dan kombinasinya dengan pupuk hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil panen serta penekanan serangan hama dan penyakit. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang, Jawa Barat (1.250 m dpl.) dari bulan Juni 2018 sampai bulan Februari 2019. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok terdiri atas delapan perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah aplikasi Mg, B, dan kombinasi dengan pupuk hayati serta teknologi konvensional sebagai pembanding. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman dan luas kanopi), komponen hasil dan hasil serta serangan hama dan penyakit penting yang menyerang tanaman cabai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi Mg, B, dan pupuk hayati yang diaplikasikan sebanyak dua kali pada umur 30 HST dan 45 HST mampu meningkatkan produktivitas cabai sebesar 21,68 ton/ha atau meningkat sebesar 54,53% dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Peningkatan produktivitas cabai terjadi karena adanya perbaikan dalam komponen hasil seperti jumlah bunga, jumlah buah, panjang, dan bobot buah serta adanya penekanan terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit seperti trips, antraknosa, lalat buah, dan penggerek buah sebesar 18,10% sampai 23,93%.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p><em>Capsicum annuum</em>; Unsur hara makro; Pupuk hayati; Produktivitas; Organisme pengganggu tumbuhan</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The use of biofertilizer and macro and micro nutrients enhanced the growth and development, yield quality of vegetable crops as well as nutrient status of soil to a greater extent and to increased on pests and diseases resistance. Organic sources of nutrients including biofertilizers also economize the use of chemical fertilizers. The objectives of this study were to determine the best combination of Mg, B, and biofertilizer that increase the growth and yield of chili pepper and the impact to pest and diseases on chili pepper. The field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Lembang, West Java from June 2018 to February 2019. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with eight treatments and four replicated. The treatments were Mg, B, and their combinations with biofertilizer compared to the conventional technologies as a control. The observations were carried out on the growth parameters (plant height and leaf canopy), yield components, pest and diseases of chili pepper. The results showed that the combinations of Mg, B, and biofertilizer increased the yield of chili up to 21.68 ton/ha or positive interaction beside beneficial agent with Mg, B, and biofertilizer package on 54.53%. Increased productivity of chili occurs because of improvements in yield components such as the number of flowers, number of fruits, fruit length and fruit weight and reduction of pest and disease attacks such as thrips, anthracnose, fruit flies and, fruit borers by 18.10% to 23.93%.</p>

Effects of Postemergence and Postemergence-Directed Halosulfuron on Triploid Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus)

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Dittmar ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Crop Plant ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Triploid Watermelon ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Studies were conducted in 2006 at Clinton and Kinston, NC, to determine the influence of halosulfuron POST (over the crop plant) or POST-directed (to the crop) on growth and yield of transplanted ‘Precious Petite’ and ‘Tri-X-313’ triploid watermelon. Treatments included a nontreated control, 39 g/ha halosulfuron applied POST-directed to 25% of the plant (distal or proximal region), POST-directed to 50% of the plant (distal or proximal; Precious Petite only), and POST. Watermelon treated with halosulfuron displayed chlorotic leaves, shortened internodes, and increased stem splitting. Vines were longest in the nontreated control (Tri-X-313 = 146 cm, Precious Petite = 206 cm) but were shortest in the POST treatment (Tri-X-313 = 88 cm, Precious Petite = 77 cm). Halosulfuron POST to watermelon caused the greatest injury (Tri-X-313 = 64%, Precious Petite = 67%). Halosulfuron directed to 25 or 50% (distal or proximal) of the plant caused less injury than halosulfuron applied POST. Stem splitting was greatest when halosulfuron was applied to the proximal area of the stem compared with POST-directed distal or POST. Internode shortening was greatest in treatments where halosulfuron was applied to the distal region of the stem. However, Tri-X-313 in the POST-directed 25% distal treatment produced similar total and marketable fruit weight as the nontreated control at Clinton. Fruit number did not differ among treatments for either cultivar. At Kinston, Precious Petite nontreated control and POST-directed 25% distal end treatment had greater marketable fruit weight than the POST-directed 50% proximal and POST treatments. The current halosulfuron registration allows POST application between rows or PRE. Limiting halosulfuron contact to no more than 25% of the watermelon plant will likely improve crop tolerance.

scholarly journals Drought stress imposes reversible photosynthetic damage under fluctuating light conditions in crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuma Sakoda ◽  
Kazuki Taniyoshi ◽  
Wataru Yamori ◽  
Yu Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Photosynthetic Induction ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Fluctuating Light ◽  
Dynamic Photosynthesis

Drought stress is a major limiting factor for crop growth and yield. Water availability in the field can cyclically change between drought and rewatering conditions, depending on precipitation patterns. Concurrently, light intensity under field conditions can fluctuate, inducing dynamic photosynthesis and transpiration during crop growth period. The present study aimed to characterize carbon gain and water use in fluctuating light under drought and rewatering conditions by conducting gas exchange measurements in two major crops, namely rice and soybean. In both crops, drought stress reduced steady-state photosynthesis and/or photosynthetic capacity, and delayed photosynthetic induction even when it had relatively small impact on photosynthetic capacity, suggesting that the drought effects on photosynthesis should be evaluated based on induction, maximum, and steady states. This delayed photosynthetic induction resulted in a substantial loss of carbon gain under fluctuating light conditions, which can be a limiting factor for crop growth and yield in the field. Meanwhile, rewatering after drought conditions completely recovered photosynthetic capacity and induction in both crops, whereas drought experience would be memorized to slow down the stomatal opening. Therefore, the stability of photosynthetic induction can be a promising target to improve drought tolerance during crop breeding in the future.

scholarly journals Use of Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide for Better Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Water Deficit Conditions: Growth, Osmoregulation, and Antioxidative Defense Mechanism

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noman Habib ◽  
Qasim Ali ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Javed ◽  
Muhammad Zulqurnain Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Antioxidative Defense

The present experiment was carried out to study the influences of exogenously-applied nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as seed primers on growth and yield in relation with different physio-biochemical parameters, antioxidant activities, and osmolyte accumulation in wheat plants grown under control (100% field capacity) and water stress (60% field capacity) conditions. During soaking, the seeds were covered and kept in completely dark. Drought stress markedly reduced the plant growth, grain yield, leaf photosynthetic pigments, total phenolic content (TPC), total soluble proteins (TSP), leaf water potential (Ψw), leaf turgor potential (Ψp), osmotic potential (Ψs), and leaf relative water content (LRWC), while it increased the activities of enzymatic antioxidants and the accumulation of leaf ascorbic acid (AsA), proline (Pro), glycine betaine (GB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and H2O2. However, seed priming with SNP and H2O2 alone and in combination mitigated the deleterious effects of water stress on growth and yield by improving the Ψw, Ψs, Ψp, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes accumulation (GB and Pro), TSP, and the antioxidative defense mechanism. Furthermore, the application of NO and H2O2 as seed primers also reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA contents. The effectiveness was treatment-specific and the combined application was also found to be effective. The results revealed that exogenous application of NO and H2O2 was effective in increasing the tolerance of wheat plants under drought stress in terms of growth and grain yield by regulating plant–water relations, the antioxidative defense mechanism, and accumulation of osmolytes, and by reducing the membrane lipid peroxidation.

Effect of Glyphosate and Dicamba Drift Timing and Rates in Bell Pepper and Yellow Squash

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Dittmar ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Jose V. Fernandez ◽  
Hunter Smith
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Glyphosate Drift

As dicamba resistance traits become more common in agronomic crops, the potential for off-site movement also increases. Little is known of how common vegetable crops will respond to dicamba drift. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dicamba and glyphosate drift on bell pepper and squash growth as a function of application timing. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design with two timings by three rates and a nontreated check. The two timings were early bloom and midbloom (during bloom when fruit were present). The three rates were glyphosate at 21 + dicamba at 14 g ha−1, glyphosate at 10 + dicamba at 7 g ha−1, and glyphosate at 7 + dicamba 5 at g ha−1. Herbicides were applied with a controlled droplet applicator calibrated to deliver 2.34 L ha−1. In squash, crop injury was 26 to 31% at 3 DAT and 48 to 65% at 17 DAT. However, no differences were measured among application timings or rates for fruit weight or number at individual harvest or season total. Bell pepper injury ranged between 0 and 8% from 3 to 17 DAT and was not significantly different than the nontreated. However, large, Fancy, marketable, and total bell pepper fruit number were greater in the nontreated than glyphosate at 21 + dicamba 14 at g ha−1and glyphosate at 10 + dicamba at 7 g ha−1both years. The three rates of dicamba + glyphosate had a greater number and weight of cull fruit compared to the number of fruit in the nontreated plots. The cull fruit were shorter with a flattened appearance. Leaving bell pepper fruit on the plants longer may result in small and medium fruit becoming large or Fancy grade bell pepper fruit.

THE EFFECT OF A WINDBREAK AND MULCH ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN MONETTE ◽  
K. A. STEWART
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Distance Data ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Experiments using an artificial windbreak and polyethylene mulch were conducted in 1983 and 1984 with sweet pepper in Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec. When analyses were conducted on pooled distance data plant fresh weight was increased by sheltering but not by mulching. In 1983, the windbreak increased yields up to a distance 24 times the windbreak height but only if plants were not mulched. Yield increases were due to greater fruit number per plant rather than a greater mean fruit weight. The windbreak had no influence on yield in 1984. Mulching resulted in a significant increase in yield in both years and appeared to be a more reliable practice than the use of windbreaks to increase pepper yields.Key words: Windbreak, paraweb, pepper, Capsicum annuum L.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF WATER DEFICIT ON MAZE SEEDLINGS GROWTH TRAITS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Shafique ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Maize Genotype ◽  
Maize Varieties

Many biotic and abiotic factors affect plant growth and its development. Maize growth usually increased under excess water availability but less tolerant against water deficit stress condition. In this study, we investigated the effects of water stress on the growth and yield of maize. We found that severe water stress during the seedling stage had a greater effect on the growth and development of maize. Three maize varieties (Pak afghoi, Neelum, White corn) were used to find out the effects on growth of plant under drought or water deficit environmental conditions. Different drought stress treatments (Control, 20% irrigation water, 40% irrigation water, 60% irrigation water, 80% irrigation water) were imposed to growing seedlings after germination. The treatments were applied after 4 times each after 7 days interval and data for different morphological traits was recorded each time. The recorded data was pooled and analyzed for analysis of variance to access the significance of results. The ANOVA indicated the differences among five different genotypes and 5 different treatments for all parameters were significant. Tukey’s test indicated that maize genotype White corn was more tolerant while genotype Neelum was more sensitive for drought stress conditions therefore, white corn maize genotype may be helpful for the development of drought tolerance maize varieties and hybrids. Positive and significant correlation was found for shoot length with all other studied traits under drought stress conditions. Treatment control, 80% and 60% irrigation water was less adverse for maize growth while treatment 20% irrigation water highly affected all maize genotypes, therefore maize genotypes may be grow under treatment 60% irrigation water.

scholarly journals Effects of urea foliar application on growth and yield of green pepper

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Gulbuddin Gulab ◽  
Saidajan Attiq Abdiani ◽  
Kifayatullah Kakar ◽  
Shafiqullah Aryan
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate

Vegetable crops require nutrients in various quantities for growth, development, and reproduction. Plants nutrients might be naturally available from soil or/ and atmosphere. However, modern cultivation needs artificial supplementation of nutrients. Green pepper is an important vegetable crop in several countries including Afghanistan. Irregular rates and methods of fertilizers application in green pepper production caused its yield to decrease. A study was conducted at the experimental farm of agriculture faculty; Nangarhar University in 2017 with traditional method (control), 1%, 2% and 3% of urea foliar application treatments under the randomized complete block design, this study aimed to investigate and point out the best fertilizer application rate and method for green pepper production in Afghanistan, especially Nangarhar province. The control treatment increased plant height, fruit length, fruit weight, fruit yield and consequently net income compared to other treatments. However, 3% treatment had negligible differences with control; although 1% and 2% treatments got third and fourth positions, respectively. In 3% treatment, the urea was efficiently utilized with lower urea losses compared to the control treatment. Further researches should undertake to find out the proper application rates and methods for other chemical fertilizers.

scholarly journals Mulch Effect on Growth and Yield of Vine Vegetables

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Quamruzzaman ◽  
Ferdouse Islam ◽  
S. R. Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Fruit Number

An experiment was undertaken to identify the suitable mulch paper for different high value vegetables during the winter season of November 2019 to March 2020 at the research farm of Olericulture Division, Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh. The experiment was randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Three vegetables varieties viz., netted melon, watermelon, cucumber and 3 mulch treatments viz., T1=Silver over black mulch; T2= Black mulch; T3= No mulch were included in this study. Different vegetables responded differently with the changes of mulches irrespective of different characters. Considering relationship between the soil moisture content and fruit number it was clear that fruit number, average fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter was strongly related with soil moisture content. The effect of different plastic mulches on fruit weight per plant and yield (t/ha) were significant. Mulching produced higher fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per hectare than for the control, indicating that the mulch had positive effect in generating increased fruit yield. Silver over black plastic mulch produced the highest fruit yield viz., 24.22 t/ha (cucumber), 26.37 t/ha (netted melon), 43.59 t/ha (watermelon) followed by black and no mulches. Obviously, control plot produced the lowest fruit yield.

scholarly journals Influence of Drought Stress on Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Plants: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 697-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waquar Akhter Ansari ◽  
Neelam Atri ◽  
Maneesh Pandey ◽  
Anil Kumar Singh ◽  
Bijendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characters ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Drought poses the most significant environmental constrain that limits the growth and yield efficiency of vegetables around the world. The major challenges lies is to identify potential genetic resources and technology development that improve quality and productivity of vegetable crops under declining land, reducing natural resources and increasing environmental stresses. Varied responses of different crop species/genotypes to water-deficit condition have been studied for a long time, and several morphological, physiological and biochemical characters have been suggested to be responsible for drought tolerance. Understanding the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses to drought is essential for a holistic perception of plant resistance mechanisms to water-limited conditions and also to design screening techniques for drought tolerance that may be employed in crop breeding. Drought stress lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants which inactivate enzymes and damage important cellular components. The effects of the action of free radicals on membranes include the induction of lipid peroxidation and fatty acid de-esterification. Plants possess very efficient enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems which work in concert to control the cascades of uncontrolled oxidation and protect plant cells from oxidative damage by scavenging of ROS. In this review the important morphological, physiological and biochemical traits that are influenced by drought stress, and may be important indices for identification/screening of drought tolerant genotypes in vegetable crops has been described.

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