scholarly journals Energy Efficient Cross Layer Based Multi-Hop Clustered Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 11996-12003
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
User Friendly

Wireless Sensor network becomes an essential part of Internet of things paradigm due their scalability, ease of deployment and user-friendly interface. However, certain issues like high energy consumption, low network lifetime and optimum quality of service requirement force researchers to develop new routing protocols. In WSNs, the routing protocols are utilized to obtain paths having high quality links and high residual energy nodes for forwarding data towards the sink. Clustering provide the better solution to the WSN challenges by creating access points in the form of cluster head (CH). However, CH must tolerate additional burden for coordinating network activities. After considering these issues, the proposed work designs a moth flame optimization (MFO) based Cross Layer Clustering Optimal (MFO-CLCO) algorithm to consequently optimize the network energy, network lifetime, network delay and network throughput. Multi-hop wireless communication between cluster heads (CHs) and base station (BS) is employed along with MFO to attain optimum path cost. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms existing schemes in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, delay and throughput.

scholarly journals An improved cluster formation process in wireless sensor network to decrease energy consumption

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Farahzadi ◽  
Mostafa Langarizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Mirhosseini ◽  
Seyed Ali Fatemi Aghda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Death Time

AbstractWireless sensor network has special features and many applications, which have attracted attention of many scientists. High energy consumption of these networks, as a drawback, can be reduced by a hierarchical routing algorithm. The proposed algorithm is based on the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Quadrant Cluster based LEACH (Q-LEACH) protocols. To reduce energy consumption and provide a more appropriate coverage, the network was divided into several regions and clusters were formed within each region. In selecting the cluster head (CH) in each round, the amount of residual energy and the distance from the center of each node were calculated by the base station (including the location and residual energy of each node) for all living nodes in each region. In this regard, the node with the largest value had the highest priority to be selected as the CH in each network region. The base station calculates the CH due to the lack of energy constraints and is also responsible for informing it throughout the network, which reduces the load consumption and tasks of nodes in the network. The information transfer steps in this protocol are similar to the LEACH protocol stages. To better evaluate the results, the proposed method was implemented with LEACH LEACH-SWDN, and Q-LEACH protocols using MATLAB software. The results showed better performance of the proposed method in network lifetime, first node death time, and the last node death time.

Enhanced Adaptive Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (EADEEC) for Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
Ravi Kumar Poluru ◽  
M. Praveen Kumar Reddy ◽  
Syed Muzamil Basha ◽  
Rizwan Patan ◽  
Suresh Kallam
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Stability Period ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering

Background:Recently Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a composed of a full number of arbitrarily dispensed energy-constrained sensor nodes. The sensor nodes help in sensing the data and then it will transmit it to sink. The Base station will produce a significant amount of energy while accessing the sensing data and transmitting data. High energy is required to move towards base station when sensing and transmitting data. WSN possesses significant challenges like saving energy and extending network lifetime. In WSN the most research goals in routing protocols such as robustness, energy efficiency, high reliability, network lifetime, fault tolerance, deployment of nodes and latency. Most of the routing protocols are based upon clustering has been proposed using heterogeneity. For optimizing energy consumption in WSN, a vital technique referred to as clustering.Methods:To improve the lifetime of network and stability we have proposed an Enhanced Adaptive Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (EADEEC).Results:In simulation results describes the protocol performs better regarding network lifetime and packet delivery capacity compared to EEDEC and DEEC algorithm. Stability period and network lifetime are improved in EADEEC compare to DEEC and EDEEC.Conclusion:The EADEEC is overall Lifetime of a cluster is improved to perform the network operation: Data transfer, Node Lifetime and stability period of the cluster. EADEEC protocol evidently tells that it improved the throughput, extended the lifetime of network, longevity, and stability compared with DEEC and EDEEC.

scholarly journals A PSO-Based Uneven Dynamic Clustering Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruan ◽  
Huang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Dynamic Clustering ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Since wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are powered by energy-constrained batteries, many energy-efficient routing protocols have been proposed to extend the network lifetime. However, most of the protocols do not well balance the energy consumption of the WSNs. The hotspot problem caused by unbalanced energy consumption in the WSNs reduces the network lifetime. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)-based uneven dynamic clustering multi-hop routing protocol (PUDCRP). In the PUDCRP protocol, the distribution of the clusters will change dynamically when some nodes fail. The PSO algorithm is used to determine the area where the candidate CH (cluster head) nodes are located. The adaptive clustering method based on node distribution makes the cluster distribution more reasonable, which balances the energy consumption of the network more effectively. In order to improve the energy efficiency of multi-hop transmission between the BS (Base Station) and CH nodes, we also propose a connecting line aided route construction method to determine the most appropriate next hop. Compared with UCCGRA, multi-hop EEBCDA, EEMRP, CAMP, PSO-ECHS and PSO-SD, PUDCRP prolongs the network lifetime by between 7.36% and 74.21%. The protocol significantly balances the energy consumption of the network and has better scalability for various sizes of network.

scholarly journals Trust-Aware and Low Energy Consumption Security Topology Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuo Chen ◽  
Min He ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
Kai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Trust Value ◽  
Low Energy Consumption

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a kind of distributed and self-organizing networks, in which the sensor nodes have limited communication bandwidth, memory, and limited energy. The topology construction of this network is usually vulnerable when attacked by malicious nodes. Besides, excessive energy consumption is a problem that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper proposes a secure topology protocol of WSN which is trust-aware and of low energy consumption, called TLES. The TLES considers the trust value as an important factor affecting the behavior of node. In detail, the TLES would take trust value, residual energy of the nodes, and node density into consideration when selecting cluster head nodes. Then, TLES constructs these cluster head nodes by choosing the next hop node according to distance to base station (BS), nodes’ degrees, and residual energy, so as to establish a safe, reliable, and energy saving network. Experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively isolate the malicious node in the network and reduce the consumption of energy of the whole network.

scholarly journals A Cluster-Head Rotating Election Routing Protocol for Energy Consumption Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Du ◽  
Zhengkun He ◽  
Xunyang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Cluster Head Election

Balancing energy consumption using the clustering routing algorithms is one of the most practical solutions for prolonging the lifetime of resource-limited wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, existing protocols cannot adequately minimize and balance the total network energy dissipation due to the additional tasks of data acquisition and transmission of cluster heads. In this paper, a cluster-head rotating election routing protocol is proposed to alleviate the problem. We discovered that the regular hierarchical clustering method and the scheme of cluster-head election area division had positive effects on reducing the energy consumption of cluster head election and intracluster communication. The election criterion composed of location and residual energy factor was proved to lower the probability of premature death of cluster heads. The chain multihop path of intercluster communication was performed to save the energy of data aggregation to the base station. The simulation results showed that the network lifetime can be efficiently extended by regulating the adjustment parameters of the protocol. Compared with LEACH, I-LEACH, EEUC, and DDEEC, the algorithm demonstrated significant performance advantages by using the number of active nodes and residual energy of nodes as the evaluation indicators. On the basis of these results, the proposed routing protocols can be utilized to increase the capability of WSNs against energy constraints.

scholarly journals Implementation of Enhanced AODV based Self-Organized Tree for Energy Balanced Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1926-1933
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Energy Balanced Routing

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are gaining attention in numerous fields with the advent of embedded systems and IoT. Wireless sensors are deployed in environmental conditions where human intervention is less or eliminated. Since these are not human monitored, powering and maintaining the energy of the node is a challenging issue. The main research hotspot in WSN is energy consumption. As energy drains faster, the network lifetime also decreases. Self-Organizing Networks (SON) are just the solution for the above-discussed problem. Self-organizing networks can automatically configure themselves, find an optimalsolution, diagnose and self-heal to some extent. In this work, “Implementation of Enhanced AODV based Self-Organized Tree for Energy Balanced Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks” is introduced which uses self-organization to balance energy and thus reduce energy consumption. This protocol uses combination of number of neighboring nodes and residual energy as the criteria for efficient cluster head election to form a tree-based cluster structure. Threshold for residual energy and distance are defined to decide the path of the data transmission which is energy efficient. The improvement made in choosing robust parameters for cluster head election and efficient data transmission results in lesser energy consumption. The implementation of the proposed protocol is carried out in NS2 environment. The experiment is conducted by varying the node density as 20, 40 and 60 nodes and with two pause times 5ms, 10ms. The analysis of the result indicates that the new system consumes 17.6% less energy than the existing system. The routing load, network lifetime metrics show better values than the existing system.

Presenting the Hybrid Algorithm of Honeybee - Harmony in Clustering and Routing of Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-371
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sedighimanesh ◽  
Hesam Zandhesami ◽  
Ali Sedighimanesh
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor

Background: Wireless sensor networks are considered as one of the 21st century's most important technologies. Sensors in wireless sensor networks usually have limited and sometimes non-rechargeable batteries, which they are supposed to be preserved for months or even years. That's why the energy consumption in these networks is of a great importance. Objective: One way to improve energy consumption in a wireless sensor network is to use clustering. In clustered networks, one node is known as the cluster head and other nodes as normal members, which normal nodes send the collected data to the cluster head, and the cluster head sends the information to the base station either by a single step or by multiple steps. Method: Using clustering simplifies resource management and increases scalability, reliability, and the network lifetime. Although the cluster formation involves a time- overhead and how to choose the cluster head is another problem, but its advantages are more than its disadvantages. : The primary aim of this study is to offer a solution to reduce energy consumption in the sensor network. In this study, during the selection of cluster heads, Honeybee Algorithm is used and also for routing, Harmonic Search Algorithm is used. In this paper, the simulation is performed by using MATLAB software and the proposed method is compared with the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and the multi-objective fuzzy clustering algorithm (MOFCA). Result and Conclusion: By simulations of this study, we conclude that this research has remarkably increased the network lifetime with respect to EECS, LEACH, and MOFCA algorithms. In view of the energy constraints of the wireless sensor network and the non-rechargeable batteries in most cases, providing such solutions and using metaheuristic algorithms can result in a significant reduction in energy consumption and, consequently, increase in the network lifetime.

WN-LEACH: A Weighted Residual Energy Based Cluster-Heads Selection Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 980-984
Author(s):  
Xi Rong Bao ◽  
Jia Hua Xie ◽  
Shuang Long Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Cluster Heads

This article focused on the energy limit property of Wireless Sensor Network, and proposed a residual energy based algorithm WN-LEACH, with the classic network mode of LEACH routing algorithm. The algorithm combines the proportion of residual energy in the total energy with the cumulative number of the normal nodes supported by the cluster heads as a cluster selection reference. In order to balance the energy consumption of each cluster-head, the algorithm took both the different positions of the base station and the initial energy of the network into consideration, and weighted the two factors to balance the energy consumption between transmitting the signals and data fusion. Simulation results show that the algorithm can promote the lifetime of the uneven energy network and does not impair the effects of the LEACH algorithm.

scholarly journals LOCATION AWARE CLUSTER BASED ROUTING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

2015 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
S. JERUSHA ◽  
K. KULOTHUNGAN ◽  
A Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor

Wireless sensor nodes are usually embedded in the physical environment and report sensed data to a central base station. Clustering is one of the most challenging issues in wireless sensor networks. This paper proposes a new cluster scheme for wireless sensor network by modified the K means clustering algorithm. Sensor nodes are deployed in a harsh environment and randomly scattered in the region of interest and are deployed in a flat architecture. The transmission of packet will reduce the network lifetime. Thus, clustering scheme is required to avoid network traffic and increase overall network lifetime. In order to cluster the sensor nodes that are deployed in the sensor network, the location information of each sensor node should be known. By knowing the location of the each sensor node in the wireless sensor network, clustering is formed based on the highest residual energy and minimum distance from the base station. Among the group of nodes, one node is elected as a cluster head using centroid method. The minimum distance between the cluster node’s and the centroid point is elected as a cluster head. Clustering of nodes can minimize the residual energy and maximize the network performance. This improves the overall network lifetime and reduces network traffic.

scholarly journals E-FLEACH: An Improved Fuzzy Based Clustering Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Enaam Al-Husain ◽  
Ghaida Al-Suhail
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Clustering Protocol ◽  
Leach Protocol ◽  
Selection Of

Clustering is one of the most energy-efficient techniques for extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In a clustered WSN, each sensor node transmits the data acquired from the sensing field to the leader node (cluster head). The cluster head (CH) is in charge of aggregating and routing the collected data to the Base station (BS) of the deployed network. Thereby, the selection of the optimum CH is still a crucial issue to reduce the consumed energy in each node and extend the network lifetime. To determine the optimal number of CHs, this paper proposes an Enhanced Fuzzy-based LEACH (E-FLEACH) protocol based on the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). The FLC system relies on three inputs: the residual energy of each node, the distance of each node from the base station (sink node), as well as the node’s centrality. The proposed protocol is implemented using the Castalia simulator in conjunction with OMNET++, and simulation results indicate that the proposed protocol outperforms the traditional LEACH protocol in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption, and stability.

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