scholarly journals Draining of Water Tank using Runge-Kutta Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2342-2348
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Euler Method ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Implicit Midpoint Rule ◽  
Midpoint Rule ◽  
Runge Kutta ◽  
Fourth Order Method ◽  
Stability And Accuracy ◽  
Water Tanks

The use of water tanks as a tool for storing water before being distributed for daily use has become a widely used system today. Among the attempts to develop a water distribution system is optimization in terms of system and operating costs. In this study, four methods of the Runge Kutta method are the Implicit such as Explicit Euler method, Implicit Euler method, Implicit Midpoint Rule, Runge Kutta Fourth-order method are used and compared with the exact solution method. The method will be compared in terms of accuracy and efficiency in solving differential equations based on set parameters for optimum design of water tank. The accuracy and efficiency of each method can be determined based on error graph. At the end of the study, numerical results obtained indicate that the Implicit Midpoint Rule provides greater stability and accuracy for the fixed stepsize given compared to other numerical methods.

scholarly journals Student of Water Tanks Characteristics for Residential and Commerical Buildings in Oman

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Rashid Said Al Ismaili ◽  
Adeel H. Suhail
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Steel Tank ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Stainless Steel Tank

Water tank is an important element in water distribution system. The project is studied the characteristics of water tanks and the main objective of it to identify the selection criteria for the water tank. Furthermore, Selection of water tank is a challenge for many individuals and companies. The study is gathers information from many sources such as literature reviews, companies, questionnaire and experts in order to reach to the main important characteristic of water tanks. The selection of water tank depends heavily on the applications. As a result, it found that the best type of storage tanks for sweet water used for human consumption are two types, one of which is polyvinyl chloride to store a quantity of less than five cubic meters and the other is stainless steel tank to store more than five cubic meters. The study found that the best reservoir for irrigation and sewage uses is the carbon steel tank. On the other hand, the study found that the stainless-steel tank is best suited for storage of seawater, which requires a material that can withstand corrosion.

Performance of Water Systems during the Maule Mw 8.8 Earthquake of 27 February 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1_suppl1) ◽  
pp. 605-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Eidinger
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Elevated Water ◽  
Rural Water Systems ◽  
Water Tanks

The Maule Mw 8.8 earthquake of 27 February 2010 impacted a number of water and wastewater lifelines. Ground shaking and liquefaction heavily damaged the Essbio water and wastewater systems, particularly in Concepción. Ground shaking destroyed more than 70 elevated water tanks in rural water systems built by the national government. A fire water tank collapsed at the Santiago Airport. There was damage to canals. Despite more than 3,000 repairs to other types of water pipe, the high-density polyethylene pipe used in the Concepción water distribution system was undamaged.

Determinants of Legionella pneumophila Contamination of Water Distribution Systems: 15-Hospital Prospective Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Vickers ◽  
Victor L. Yu ◽  
S. Sue Hanna ◽  
Paul Muraca ◽  
Warren Diven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
One Year

AbstractWe conducted a prospective environmental study for Legionella pneumophila in 15 hospitals in Pennsylvania. Hot water tanks, cold water sites, faucets, and show-erheads were surveyed four times over a one-year period. Sixty percent (9/15) of hospitals surveyed were contaminated with L pneumophila. Although contamination could not be linked to a specific municipal water supplier, most of the contaminated supplies came from rivers. Parameters found to be significantly associated with contamination included elevated hot water temperature, vertical configuration of the hot water tank, older tanks, and elevated calcium and magnesium concentrations of the water (P < 0.05). This study suggests that L pneumophila contamination could be predicted based on design of the distribution system, as well as physicochemical characteristics of the water.

Investigation of the Impact of Anti-Negative Pressure Facility on a Water Distribution System

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 719-722
Author(s):  
Huan Huan Wang ◽  
Shu Ming Liu ◽  
Fan Lin Meng ◽  
Lu Bai
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

High level water tank is a commonly used facility to satisfy water demand for people living in high building, which is also the so-called secondary water supply system (SWSS) in China. Due to lack of maintenance, water quality problem has been frequently reported in the SWSS. In the last few decades, anti-negative pressure facility (ANPF) has emerged as a revolutionary approach for solving the pollution in the SWSS. ANPF makes good use of the municipal pipeline pressure, which is the improvement of traditional water supply. However, most of recent research activities mainly focus on the influence of part of water distribution system (WDS). In this paper, the software of EPANET has been applied in the SWSS calculation and simulation. Besides that, the SWSS with ANPF simulation method is proposed to evaluate the effect of other all nodes pressure in the WDS using hydraulic model. As the cases study, the paper analyzed two WDSs with ANPF. After simulation of the SWSS, the result of WDS, which is smaller, indicates that 6 out of the 9 nodes are affected with ANPF and that of WDS, which is larger, demonstrates that 37 out of the 41 nodes are affected and the affected nodes are focused on the confluent of pipes, especially around the ANPF.

scholarly journals Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Intze Water Tank with Different Staging Heights in Different Seismic Zones

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Hydrodynamic Pressure ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Lateral Forces ◽  
Seismic Forces ◽  
Water Tanks

RC intze water tanks are constructed for storage and suppling of water through a certain height with adequate pressure of water distribution. Many overhead water tanks affected due to certainty like earthquake that can induce large lateral forces. So, there is a necessity to Understand and examine the behavior of intze tank supported on framing in context to different soil types under the seismic forces. This paper evaluates the experimental output of seismic analysis that compares shear and moments at base and also hydrodynamic pressure at wall and base slab for various seismic zone and different type of soil condition at different staging heights.

scholarly journals Seismic Behavior of RC Intze Water Tank under Various Zone and Soil Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3S) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Zone Ii ◽  
Seismic Forces ◽  
Water Tanks

RC intze water tanks are constructed for storage and suppling of water through a certain height with adequate pressure of water distribution. Many overhead water tanks affected due to certainty like earthquake that can induce large lateral forces. So, there is a necessity to Understand and examine the behavior of intze tank supported on framing in context to different soil types under the seismic forces. This paper evaluates the experimental output of seismic analysis that compares shear and moments at base for different seismic zone (II, III, IV, V) in different type of soil conditions.

Biofilm formation in a hot water system

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.K. Bagh ◽  
H.-J. Albrechtsen ◽  
E. Arvin ◽  
K. Ovesen
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Water System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The biofilm formation rate was measured in situ in a hot water system in an apartment building by specially designed sampling equipment, and the net growth of the suspended bacteria was measured by incubation of water samples with the indigeneous bacteria. The biofilm formation rate reached a higher level in the hot water distribution system (2.1 d−1 to 2.3 d−1) than in the hot water tank (1.4 d−1 to 2.2 d−1) indicating an important area for surface associated growth. The net growth rate of the suspended bacteria measured in hot water from the top, middle and bottom of the hot water tank, in the sludge, or in the water from the distribution system was negligible. This indicated that bacterial growth took place on the inner surfaces in the hot water system and biofilm formation and detachment of bacteria could account for most of the suspended bacteria actually measured in hot water. Therefore, attempts to reduce the number of bacteria in a hot water system have to include the distribution system as well as the hot water tank.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Efficiency of Symmetrized Implicit Midpoint Rule for Solving the Water Tank System Problems

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
M. F. Zairul Fuaad ◽  
N. Razali ◽  
H. Hishamuddin ◽  
A. Jedi
Keyword(s):  
Water Tank ◽  
Implicit Midpoint Rule ◽  
Midpoint Rule ◽  
Tank System

scholarly journals Smart Pump Operation Monitoring And Notification (PuMa) Via Telegram Social Messaging Application

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hanif Md Saad ◽  
Rabiah Adawiyah Shahad ◽  
Mohamad Zaki Sarnon ◽  
Muhammad Faiz Mohd Shukri ◽  
Aini Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Pump Operation ◽  
Smart Pump ◽  
Pump House ◽  
Social Messaging

Water supply system contains hydraulic components to supply water. The pumps are an important part in water distribution system and need to be well maintained for most of the time. The failure of pump operating system will result in the water shortage inside water tank. This phenomenon might occur due to the tripped pump and power. This paper proposed a remote monitoring and notification system applied in the pump house with the used of Complex Event Processing tools. Whereas, the notification system that act as an output adapter uses a Telegram Social Messaging application. The study is about how fast the notification system between using SMS and Telegram as an output adapter in the pump operation.

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