scholarly journals Effectiveness of Crop Assurance Methods of Various Smart Crop Protection Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1799-1801
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Center Point ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Animal Attack

Crop damage due to the animal attack is one among the the principle dangers in diminishing the crop yield. The farm areas near the forest edges are unmistakably suffering from the wild animal attacks.. This surveys various methods used in many application for crop Security to redirect animal interruptions in the crop field. Most of these models in the crop field are outfitted with PIR sensors, sound creating gadgets, light flashers and some equipment module. For early discovery of the animal at the edge of the ranch interruption location framework should be introduced. Animal section at the homestead limit can be distinguished by certain hubs fixed at the limit and can be imparted to the focal base station. The progression of the center point commencement is zone based, time based and closeness based. On accepting this data the hubs inside the region of the animal actuates the hindering devices and diverts the animal far away from the area.

The Impact of Plant Protection Systems on the Productivity of Soybean Varieties under Irrigated Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The South ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
The Impact

The application of preparations of biological origin in the protection system of soybean grown under conditions of intensive irrigated crop rotations conforms to the modern tendencies of science and production development. The use of them contributes to solving ecological, production and social-economic problems. The study presents the three-year research on the efficiency of systems protecting soybean from pests and diseases based on biological and chemical preparations. The research was conducted in typical soil and climate conditions of the South of Ukraine. Zonal agricultural methods and generally accepted research methodology were used. The purpose of the research was to create a soybean protection system based on preparations of biological origin, ensuring high productivity of high-quality products reducing a negative impact of the crop production on the environment. The study emphasizes that, under irrigated conditions of the South of Ukraine, the application of biological preparations has a positive impact on the indexes of growth, development and formation of the elements of soybean yield structure. There was an increase in the crop biological weight by 13.8 % and 22.1 % and the number of seeds per plant rose by 11.6 and 14.6 % as a consequence of eliminating harmful organisms with the plant protection systems. The larger ground mass was formed by medium-ripe varieties Danai and Svyatogor, on which the increase from protection measures was higher. Weight 1000 pcs. the seeds did not undergo significant changes. It is established that the larger seeds were formed by Danaya and Svyatogor varieties, in which the average weight is 1000 pcs. seeds were 142 and 136 g, respectively, while in the variety Diona this figure was 133 g. There was an increase in the height of the lowest pod when the total plant height rose. For medium-ripe varieties was characterized by a higher attachment of beans, where the highest values of this indicator acquired in the variety Svyatogor. The medium maturing soybean variety Danaia formed the maximum yield of 3.23 and 3.35 t/ha respectively, when biological and chemical protection systems were applied. The research establishes that the application of the bio-fungicide Psevdobakterin 2 (2.0 l/ha) in the crop protection system at the beginning of soybean flowering and the bio-fungicide Baktofit (2.5 l/ha) with the bio-insecticide Lepidotsid-BTU (10.0 l/ha) at the beginning of pod formation does not reduce the productivity of the soybean varieties under study considerably, when compared to the application of chemical preparations. The research determines that the soybean protection system under study ensures a decrease in the coefficient of soybean water uptake by 7.2-13.0 %, increasing the total water intake to an inconsiderable degree. Biologization of the soybean crop protection system leads to a reduction in production costs compared to the chemical protection system. Taking into account the needs for the collection of additional products, costs increase by an average of 1 thousand UAH/ha, while for chemical protection systems by 1.8 thousand UAH/ha. At the same time, the cost is reduced by 220-360 UAH/t and the profitability of growing crops is increased by 3.8-7.8 %. There has been a reduction in the burden of pesticides on the environment and the production of cleaner products. This indicates the prospect of using the biofungicides Pseudobacterin 2 and Bactophyte and the bioinsecticide Lepidocid-BTU on soybeans to protect plants from pests.

Portable Wireless Yield Monitoring System on Conventional Rice Combine

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Renny Eka Purti ◽  
Azmi Yahya ◽  
Oh Yun Ju ◽  
Maryam Mohd Isa ◽  
Samsuzana Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
Yield Monitoring ◽  
Grain Elevator

Abstract. A simple, portable, and rugged instrumentation system has been successfully developed and field demonstrated to monitor, measure, and record the harvested crop yield and selected machine field performance parameters from the typical rice combines in Malaysia. The complete system comprises of two ultrasonic sensors located at the combine header to measure the cutting width, microwave solid flow, and microwave moisture sensors at the combine clean grain auger to measure the flow rate and moisture content of the cleaned grains going into the grain tank, electromagnetic detector on the combine grain elevator drive shaft to monitor the grain elevator rotational speed, and lastly a DGPS receiver on the combine console roof to indicate the travel speed and geo-position in the field. All these measured parameters were made to display in-real time on the touch panel screen of the embedded system on-board the combine for the interest of the combine operator and also made to display in-real time on the monitor of the toughbook at the on-ground base station for the interest of the system controller. Static calibrations on the individual sensors showed excellent measurement linearity having R2 values within 0.8760 to 1.000 ranges. The wireless communication between the embedded system on-board the combine and the toughbook at the on-ground base station could be sustained to a maximum distance of 185 m apart. Site specific variability maps of crop yield, harvested grain moisture content, combine cutting width, combine traveling speed, combine field capacity, and combine field efficiency within the harvested area could be produced from the data obtained with the instrumentation system using a GIS software. Keywords: Grain harvesting, Paddy mechanization, Precision farming, Wireless data transmission, Yield monitoring.

scholarly journals A tribrid Paradigm against Inundation wild animal attack and fire disasters

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 454-457
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
The Common ◽  
Government Records ◽  
Animal Detection ◽  
Detection Unit ◽  
Animal Attack

In recent years the whole world witnessed several natural and manmade disasters. 2015 Earthquake in Nepal and India with 7.8 magnitudes which killed 9000 people and injured 22000 as per Government Records. 2018 Flood in North Korea left 10,700 people as per the report of International Federation of Red Cross (IFRC) and Wikipedia. Floods in India 2018, killed more than 300 in the state of Kerala. 2016, Forest fire in Uttarakhand, India burnt 10,000 acres of Forest area. In between April 2014 – May 2017, 1,144 people killed by wild animals as per the report of Indian Environment Ministry (IEM). All the reports stated above represents indications that regardless of several advancements and technical skill development to disaster management is not considered efficiently worldwide. There are plenty of disasters which could be taken care of much efficiently and wisely. If we see the disasters like flood, fire and animal attack we can easily notice that they are manageable to much extent with expert technical advancements. Our paper is about the disaster management of the tribrid series (Flood, Fire, Wild Animal Attack) with the eminent usage of technology. We create a flood sensing unit, a fire detection unit, and a wild animal detection unit with the help of sensors and we create the alert and remedial action unit to protect the common men from sub disasters. We use Embedded and IOT technologies together to provide worldwide coverage and accurate detection of the calamities.

scholarly journals Occupational Safety Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Farmers in Northern Nigeria during Pesticide Application—A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10107
Author(s):  
Christopher Nwadike ◽  
Victoria Ibukun Joshua ◽  
Paulina J. S. Doka ◽  
Rahaf Ajaj ◽  
Ummu Abubakar Hashidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Product Knowledge ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Knowledge

Pesticides are known human and environmental toxicants, with an estimated 3 million cases of pesticide poisoning happening every year globally, resulting in more than 250,000 deaths. According to the existing literature, different pesticides groups are readily used among farmers in Nigeria. With recent developments around commercial farming, crop damage from pests, etc., this has led to higher consumption of pesticides among the farming community. The lack of product knowledge and safety awareness among this group further exposes them to the effects of pesticides. The study aims to measure Northern Nigerian farmers’ safety knowledge, awareness, and practices related to pesticide application. A cross-sectional study using an online survey questionnaire was adopted to generate responses from 524 farmers across the north-central and northeastern region of the country. Farmers’ attitudes towards pesticide use were driven by high crop yield, as 35.4% strongly agree that pesticide use is indispensable for high crop yield. The frequent use of empty pesticide containers for other secondary uses on the farm or at home, as confirmed by 30.6% of the participants, also presents safety and health concerns. Farmers’ age (p > 0.038) influenced pesticide containers use for other secondary purposes. In contrast, education attainment (p < 0.001) significantly influenced the use of pesticide containers for other farm or domestic uses. Farmers’ safety behaviours are influenced by socioeconomic factors, including educational level, age, and years of farm practice experience. The study concludes on the need to develop an approach that will help strengthen capacity-building programmes and enhance knowledge base initiatives around the adoption of non-synthetic pesticides.

scholarly journals METHODS OF DETECTION OF DISEASES ON WHEAT CROPS ACCORDING TO REMOTE SENSING (overview)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
O. A. Dubrovskaya ◽  
T. A. Gurova ◽  
I. A. Pestunov ◽  
K. Yu. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Wheat Diseases

Nowadays multi- and hyperspectral data of remote sensing is widely used in many countries worldwide for agricultural lands monitoring. The issue of their application for detection and assessment of infestation of agricultural crops, damage from diseases and weeds is understudied both in Russia and abroad. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of various wheat diseases are key factors in crop production, contributing to the reduction of qualitative and quantitative crop losses, as well as improving the effectiveness of protective measures. The paper presents a review of up-to-date methods for detecting diseases and assessing the extent of crop damage by remote sensing of wheat using optical imaging systems, the most promising of which is hyperspectral imaging equipment. The identification spectra of healthy plants and the ones with signs of damage from the main fungal diseases as well as the correlation of spectra with the degree of damage are shown. To be able to effectively use the results of diagnostics and detection of diseases, the informational value of the spectral indices of vegetation in the detection of diseases is presented. A table of vegetation indices is given, calculated from the values of reflection coefficients in wide and narrow spectral ranges when determining wheat diseases. The use of optical methods in the monitoring of the main fungal diseases of wheat will accurately identify lesions of crops, reliably diagnose diseases and the extent of plant damage from diseases, and thereby provide support to agricultural producers in decision-making on timely and effective crop protection measures. The results of the review will be used to develop digital technology of early detection and lesion focalization of spring wheat and other agricultural crops.

scholarly journals Operating at the extreme: estimating the upper yield boundary of winter wheat production in commercial practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 191919
Author(s):  
Emily G. Mitchell ◽  
Neil M. J. Crout ◽  
Paul Wilson ◽  
Andrew T. A. Wood ◽  
Gilles Stupfler
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Extreme Value Analysis ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

Wheat farming provides 28.5% of global cereal production. After steady growth in average crop yield from 1950 to 1990, wheat yields have generally stagnated, which prompts the question of whether further improvements are possible. Statistical studies of agronomic parameters such as crop yield have so far exclusively focused on estimating parameters describing the whole of the data, rather than the highest yields specifically. These indicators include the mean or median yield of a crop, or finding the combinations of agronomic traits that are correlated with increasing average yields. In this paper, we take an alternative approach and consider high yields only. We carry out an extreme value analysis of winter wheat yield data collected in England and Wales between 2006 and 2015. This analysis suggests that, under current climate and growing conditions, there is indeed a finite upper bound for winter wheat yield, whose value we estimate to be 17.60 tonnes per hectare. We then refine the analysis for strata defined by either location or level of use of agricultural inputs. We find that there is no statistical evidence for variation of maximal yield depending on location, and neither is there statistical evidence that maximum yield levels are improved by high levels of crop protection and fertilizer use.

A Real-time Web Tool for Safe Aerial Application to Avoid Off-target Movement of Spray Induced by Stable Atmospheric Conditions in the Mississippi Delta

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Yanbo Huang ◽  
Daniel K Fisher ◽  
Mark Silva ◽  
Steven J Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Target Movement

Abstract. Susceptible crops can be injured far downwind if proper application spray procedure is not followed. Avoidance of stable atmospheric conditions while spraying is important to prevent surface temperature inversion-induced off-target drift of crop protection materials. Our previous studies consistently indicated high likelihood (&gt;90%) of stable atmospheric conditions (unfavorable for spraying) primarily between the hours of 6:00 pm and 6:00 am during clear conditions in the hot summer months at the Mississippi Delta. With the requirement of timely farm operations, a web application has been developed to provide real-time determination of atmospheric stability and to recommend whether aerial applications are appropriate for a particular location and time. An algorithm was developed to determine atmospheric conditions likely for occurrence of a temperature inversion. This algorithm was programmed using the Python programming language and uploaded to an internet-cloud application platform for publication via HTML. The algorithm calculates the potential of a temperature inversion every hour based on air temperature and wind speed data measured at weather stations deployed over the Mississippi Delta and surrounding areas. The web application is adapted for mobile terminals, such as smartphones and tablets, and can provide timely guidance for aerial applicators and producers to avoid crop damage and air quality issues long distances downwind. Keywords: Aerial application, Spray drift, Temperature inversion, Atmospheric stability, Crop protection, Web application, Mobile terminal.

scholarly journals Elephant Crop Damage: Subsistence Farmers’ Social Vulnerability, Livelihood Sustainability and Elephant Conservation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Nyirenda ◽  
Bimo Nkhata ◽  
Oscar Tembo ◽  
Susan Siamundele
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Subsistence Farmers ◽  
Local Stakeholder ◽  
The Social ◽  
Elephant Conservation

African elephants (Loxodonta africana) induce considerable crop damage risks, shocks and stresses on subsistence farmers at the wildlife-agriculture interface. In this study, we explored the social dimensions of human-elephant interactions in the wildlife-agrarian landscape. The study aimed at unraveling the associated hazardous conditions and nature of the subsistence farmers’ social vulnerability and practices with respect to elephant crop damage, subsistence farmers’ livelihoods, and elephant conservation. Applying qualitative thematic content analysis, the sustainable livelihood framework (SLF) and additive generalized linear models (GLMs), this study revealed that the status of relational social capital influences human-elephant conflict (HEC) management and subsistence farmers’ responses, regardless of the farmers’ social learning and environmental values about the social-ecological system. The strengthening of multiple local stakeholder participation, institutional governance and access to livelihoods assets are needed for human food security and elephant conservation. Adoption of more effective nuanced crop protection counter-measures against elephants at farm level is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Crop Protection and Its Effectiveness against Wildlife: A Case Study of Two Villages of Shivapuri National Park, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Pandey ◽  
Siddhartha Bajra Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Crop Damage

A complex relationship between the residents and protected areas continue to be an obstacle to successful conservation of protected areas. Conflicts between park authority and people living around the park pose a threat to conservation. Moreover, crop depredation due to wildlife incurs a severe economic loss to communities living in the close vicinity of the park, affecting the livelihood and well-being of locals. Many studies have been carried out emphasizing the identification and quantification of crop damage, but studies highlighting the means used for the crop protection and their effectiveness are limited. This paper examines frequency of the crop damage by wildlife and efficacy of utilized management practices in Shivapuri National Park (SNP). Altogether 132 households were visited in two buffer zone villages namely, Sikre and Jhor Mahankhal of Shivapuri National Park, Nepal. The study suggested that crop depredation by wildlife was a function of several factors, namely, distance of the farmland from the park, size of the crop raiding animals, frequency of their attacks on the farmland, and the type of crops. Five different measures were identified by the communities which they regularly used to prevent crop damage. Both traditional as well as modern means were used by households to guard crops from invading wild animals. The means of crop protection from wildlife differed according to the type of animal and crop being protected. Biofencing and trenches were effective for the small animals. Watch tower “Machans” and throwing flaming sticks and making noises were the most effective and safest means of crop guarding from all kind of animals. Though crop guarding was intensive, no means were found to be able to prevent crop damage completely. Thus, site specific management strategies as well as technical and financial support from donor organizations would be most useful to minimize crop loss.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 1-10

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