A method of quasi-continuous image formation in observation devices with discrete receivers

The article proposes a new method of quasi-continuous image formation in observation devices with discrete receivers. The increase in the number of spatial sampling points in the object image is provided by intraframe scanning. Scanning is carried out by a photosensitive matrix with a regularly changed (controlled) density of the elementary receivers (CDR-matrix). The CDR-matrix contains identical elementary receivers. They are regularly distributed over the matrix surface. The vertical and horizontal distance between adjacent receivers is a multiple of the size of the elementary receiver. The CDR-matrix becomes equivalent in pixel dimensions to a larger photosensitive matrix. The magnitude of the multiplicity placement of the receivers is chosen by the developer when designing the light-sensitive matrix. The image of the object by the CDR-matrix (a separate frame) is composed of a series of snapshots. Each snapshot is formed by signals coming from all elementary receivers of the CDR-matrix. The number of snapshots in the frame is set by the multiplicity of the size of the elementary receivers vertically and horizontally. While using intraframe scanning, the CDR-matrix with a pixel size of the video format can operate in the mode of a photosensitive matrix with a pixel size of 2.5 MP. A CDR-matrix with a pixel size of 6 MP can operate as a 48 MP matrix of a conventional design. A mechanism for storing a frame with observation results when using a CDR-matrix is proposed. It assumes the use of the matrix addition operation. The signal matrix of the observed frame is considered as the sum of the signal matrices of all the snapshots in the frame. Application of the developed method will make it possible to multiply the pixel size of the image relative to the pixel size of the controllable photosensitive matrix. The advantages of the proposed method also include the absence of a mandatory decrease in the effective area of an elementary receiver with an increase in their number in the photosensitive matrix; simplification of hardware measures to reduce the effect of image shift on its quality; absence of information losses in the intervals between adjacent elementary receivers.

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Recent Advances in Biohybrid Materials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials ◽

10.1142/s2251237316400013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

pp. 1640001 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ying Wan ◽

Xing Li ◽

Shenqi Wang

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Cell Function ◽

Rapid Prototype ◽

Artificial Organs ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Cell Matrix ◽

Matrix Surface ◽

The Matrix ◽

Cell Matrix Interactions

Biohybrid materials play an important role in tissue engineering, artificial organs and regenerative medicine due to their regulation of cell function through specific cell–matrix interactions involving integrins, mostly those of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and ligands on the matrix surface, which have become current research focus. In this paper, recent progress of biohybrid materials, mainly including main types of biohybrid materials, rapid prototype (RP) technique for construction of 3D biohybrid materials, was reviewed in detail; moreover, their applications in tissue engineering, artificial organs and regenerative medicine were also reviewed in detail. At last, we address the challenges biohybrid materials may face.

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9,10-ANTHRAQUINONE-2,6-DISULFONIC ACID DISODIUM SALT/ EPOXY GRAPHITE COMPOSITE FOR ANODE IN MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v79.11334 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 79 (5-3) ◽

Author(s):

Mimi Hani Abu Bakar ◽

Neil F Pasco ◽

Ravi Gooneratne ◽

Kim Byung Hong

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Microbial Fuel Cell ◽

Conductive Filler ◽

Internal Resistance ◽

Disodium Salt ◽

Disulfonic Acid ◽

Graphite Composite ◽

Design Flexibility ◽

Matrix Surface ◽

The Matrix

Properties such as electrical conductivity, low resistivity, chemicals and corrosion resistance are mostly found in carbon based materials. Epoxy resin is excellent for electrical insulation and can be used as a conductor with the addition of conductive filler. Combinations of carbon and epoxy show qualities of a conductive electrode, mechanically strong with design flexibility and thus makes them suitable as electrodes in microbial fuel cell (MFC). In this study, graphite-epoxy composites were fabricated with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) embedded in the matrix surface. 9,10-Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt/polypyrrole (PPy/AQDS) was used as mediator, covalently electrografted on electrode’s surface. Electrochemical stability of anodes during continuous operation were measured in air-cathode MFCs. It appears that maximum power in MFC could be increased up to 42% with surface modification using PPy/AQDS. Internal resistance (Rint) could be reduced up to 66% with the inclusion of MWCNT. These findings show that a one-day fabrication of a-ready-to-use conductive electrode is possible for graphite content between 70-80% (w/w).

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Preparation of Nano Ti3SiC2/MoSi2 Composite by SPS Process

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.2414 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 284-286 ◽

pp. 2414-2419 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jun Cai Zhang ◽

Cheng Chang Jia

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Activation ◽

Particle Diameter ◽

Second Phase ◽

Strong Restriction ◽

Matrix Surface ◽

Second Phase Particles ◽

The Matrix ◽

Strong Repulsion

In this paper, nano-Ti3SiC2/MoSi2 composite, whose second phase was 20-150nm, was in situ prepared by mechanical activation (MA) and SPS process with the quaternary powers of Mo, Si, Ti, and C. The results showed that: (1) matrix MoSi2 has strong repulsion to other elements, which leads to more second-phase particles inside the matrix rather than on the matrix surface; (2) matrix MoSi2 has strong restriction on the growing of the second phase, which makes the particle diameter of the second phase inside the matrix only in 200 nm around, while that over the surface reaches to 800 nm around.

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Composite lithium metal anode by melt infusion of lithium into a 3D conducting scaffold with lithiophilic coating

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1518188113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 (11) ◽

pp. 2862-2867 ◽

Cited By ~ 505

Author(s):

Zheng Liang ◽

Dingchang Lin ◽

Jie Zhao ◽

Zhenda Lu ◽

Yayuan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Composite Electrode ◽

High Current Density ◽

3D Structure ◽

Carbon Matrix ◽

Lithium Metal ◽

Metal Anode ◽

Lithium Metal Anode ◽

Matrix Surface ◽

Conductive Surface ◽

The Matrix

Lithium metal-based battery is considered one of the best energy storage systems due to its high theoretical capacity and lowest anode potential of all. However, dendritic growth and virtually relative infinity volume change during long-term cycling often lead to severe safety hazards and catastrophic failure. Here, a stable lithium–scaffold composite electrode is developed by lithium melt infusion into a 3D porous carbon matrix with “lithiophilic” coating. Lithium is uniformly entrapped on the matrix surface and in the 3D structure. The resulting composite electrode possesses a high conductive surface area and excellent structural stability upon galvanostatic cycling. We showed stable cycling of this composite electrode with small Li plating/stripping overpotential (<90 mV) at a high current density of 3 mA/cm2 over 80 cycles.

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Friction and Wear of Self-Lubricating Metallic Materials

Journal of Lubrication Technology ◽

10.1115/1.3452560 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 217-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E. Rabinowicz

Keyword(s):

Friction And Wear ◽

Analytical Study ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Simple Calculation ◽

Hard Metal ◽

Filler Concentration ◽

Matrix Surface ◽

Large Particles ◽

The Matrix ◽

Better Than

An experimental and analytical study has been carried out to discover the factors which determine the friction and wear coefficients of composites consisting of a hard metal matrix and a softer filler. To be effective the filler should have a lower metallurgical compatibility than the matrix against the other sliding surface. The concentration of the filler should be at least a few percent so that it can be smeared out over the matrix surface, and there is an upper limit to filler concentration associated with loss of bulk strength of the composite. A simple calculation suggests that large particles of filler material are better than fine particles with 20 micrometer particles being the smallest that are fully effective.

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Research on Embedding Strength of Diamond

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.560 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 480-481 ◽

pp. 560-567

Author(s):

Jun De Yang ◽

Zhong Ping Luo ◽

Fan Lu ◽

Yuan Wang

Keyword(s):

Tungsten Carbide ◽

Diamond Drill ◽

Diamond Drilling ◽

Drill Bits ◽

Matrix Surface ◽

The Matrix ◽

Diamond Saw ◽

The Cost ◽

Diamond Saw Blades ◽

Drilling Bit

It is stated that Diamond saw blades requires high embedding strength of the diamond, while diamond drill bits do not. It is necessary to improve the embedding strength of diamond in diamond saw blades, rather than in the diamond drilling bits. It is recommended to count the number of diamond particles on the matrix surface and get the embedding strength of diamond by calculation. Another recommendation is to use the compound powder of cobalt and tungsten carbide for pelletizing in order to improve the embedding strength of diamond and lower the cost of matrix. There are people studying how to raise embedding strength of diamond, for both diamond saw blades and diamond drilling bit. However, the requirements for embedding strength of diamond saw blades and diamond drilling bit are different. The following parts include the analysis for this problem.

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The Effect of Relative Thickness on Microstructures of TiB2/TiC Particles Reinforced Carbon Steel Matrix Surface Composite

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.940.3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 940 ◽

pp. 3-6

Author(s):

Chang Qing Guo

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Low Cost ◽

Compound Layer ◽

Steel Matrix ◽

Surface Compound ◽

Relative Thickness ◽

Surface Composite ◽

High Temperature Synthesis ◽

Matrix Surface ◽

The Matrix

This paper introduces a process that combines a vacuum expandable pattern casting V-EPC with self-propagation high–temperature synthesis SHS of TiB2/TiC particles for fabricating the TiB2/TiC duplex particulates reinforced carbon steel matrix surface composite, and the effect of relative thickness δ on metallurgical quality and microstructures. FeTi-FeB-FeCr system with low cost is adopted as the SHS reactant. Experimental results show that with increasing δ, the surface composite is gradually formed and the metallurgical quality improved. The typical microstructures of the composite from surface to core are consisted of three different layers, i.e., the surface compound layer, the interim transitional layer and the carbon steel base. A certain amount of fineTiB2/TiC particles is distributed in the matrix of the surface compound layer.

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Reduction of membrane-bound dopamine β-hydroxylase from the cytoplasmic surface of the chromaffin-granule membrane

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2020759 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 202 (3) ◽

pp. 759-770 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

M Grouselle ◽

J H Phillips

Keyword(s):

Accumulation Rate ◽

Chromaffin Granule ◽

Cytoplasmic Surface ◽

Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase ◽

Matrix Surface ◽

The Matrix ◽

Granule Membrane ◽

Membrane Bound ◽

Chromaffin Granule Ghosts ◽

Low Ionic Strength

Resealed bovine chromaffin-granule ‘ghosts’ were used for assaying the membrane-bound form of dopamine beta-hydroxylase. Hydroxylation of the substrate tyramine is dependent on its accumulation within the ‘ghosts’, where the active site of the enzyme is located. Free tyramine in the medium is at a low concentration, low ionic strength and a relatively high pH (7.0), so that even in the presence of a reducing agent (co-reductant) the unaccumulated amine is hydroxylated at a negligible rate. ‘Ghosts’ contain an endogenous co-reductant, which is shown to be catecholamine remaining in the membrane itself after granule lysis. Catecholamine that is free in solution in the medium or in the interior of the ‘ghosts’ is not effective as co-reductant, nor is ascorbate, in contrast with the situation with soluble dopamine beta-hydroxylase. Ferrocyanide is an active co-reductant, however, giving a hydroxylation rate approximately equal to the tyramine accumulation rate: it does not enter the ‘ghosts’, nor does the enzyme appear to utilize ferrocyanide sealed inside the ‘ghosts’. A mechanism must therefore exist for transferring electrons across the membrane from the cytoplasmic surface to the matrix surface. NADH is not an electron donor for the enzyme, nor is cytochrome b-561 involved.

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