scholarly journals INVESTIGATIVE THERAPY OF COVID-19 CASES WITH CONVALESCENT PLASMA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Anjan Jyoti Talukdar ◽  
Raj Pratim Das ◽  
Basanta Hazarika ◽  
Priyam Saikia ◽  
Tirtha Chaliha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Pcr Test

BACKGROUD:Covid-19hasemergedhasanalarmingpublichealthcrisis,puttingthehealthcarefacilitiesacross theglobeat strain.Even after almost ten months of its identification,there exists only a few specific approved therapeutic agents for novel coronavirus disease.In this observational study,we have looked for any clinical benefits of convalescent plasma therapy in moderately severe cases of Covid-19,when added to a regimen consisting of Remdesivir,Dexamethasone and Heparin. METHODOLOGY: 528 moderately severe patients confirmed by RT-PCR test were enrolled. One dose of 200 mL of convalescent plasma (CP) derived from recently recovered donors with the neutralizing antibody titers above 1:640 was transfused to 268 patients as an addition to maximal supportive care and Remdesivir with steroid and heparin while 260 receivedRemdesivir with steroid and heparin. RESULTS:Theprimaryendpointwasmortalitybenefit.Thesecondendpointswerethereductionindaysofhospitalization,viral clearanceandimprovementofclinical symptoms.Themediantimefromonsetofillness toplasmatransfusionwas9.55d(range 6-24d).Nosevereadverseeffectswereobserved. CONCLUSION:Our studyshowedthatCPTcouldimprovesurvivalinpatientswhenaddedtothestandardtherapyinpatients with moderate Covid-19 infection. The add on therapy also significantly reduced the need for supplemental oxygen in the survivorsItcouldpotentiallyimprovetheclinicaloutcomesbesidesbeingawell-toleratedmodalityoftreatment.

scholarly journals The feasibility of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID- 19 patients: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Duan ◽  
Bende Liu ◽  
Cesheng Li ◽  
Huajun Zhang ◽  
Ting Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
High Level

AbstractCurrently, there are no approved specific antiviral agents for 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this study, ten severe patients confirmed by real-time viral RNA test were enrolled prospectively. One dose of 200 mL convalescent plasma (CP) derived from recently recovered donors with the neutralizing antibody titers above 1:640 was transfused to the patients as an addition to maximal supportive care and antiviral agents. The primary endpoint was the safety of CP transfusion. The second endpoints were the improvement of clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters within 3 days after CP transfusion. The median time from onset of illness to CP transfusion was 16.5 days. After CP transfusion, the level of neutralizing antibody increased rapidly up to 1:640 in five cases, while that of the other four cases maintained at a high level (1:640). The clinical symptoms were significantly improved along with increase of oxyhemoglobin saturation within 3 days. Several parameters tended to improve as compared to pre-transfusion, including increased lymphocyte counts (0.65×109/L vs. 0.76×109/L) and decreased C-reactive protein (55.98 mg/L vs. 18.13 mg/L). Radiological examinations showed varying degrees of absorption of lung lesionswithin 7 days. The viral load was undetectable after transfusion in seven patients who had previous viremia. No severe adverse effects were observed. This study showed CP therapy was welltolerated and could potentially improve the clinical outcomes through neutralizing viremia in severe COVID-19 cases. The optimal dose and time point, as well as the clinical benefit of CP therapy, needs further investigation in larger well-controlled trials.Significance StatementCOVID-19 is currently a big threat to global health. However, no specific antiviral agents are available for its treatment. In this work, we explored the feasibility of convalescent plasma (CP) transfusion to rescue severe patients. The results from 10 severe adult cases showed that one dose (200 mL) of CP was welltolerated and could significantly increase or maintain the neutralizing antibodies at a high level, leading to disappearance of viremia in 7 days. Meanwhile, clinical symptoms and paraclinical criteria rapidly improved within 3 days. Radiological examination showed varying degrees of absorption of lung lesions within 7 days. These results indicate that CP can serve as a promising rescue option for severe COVID-19 while the randomized trial is warranted.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (17) ◽  
pp. 9490-9496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Duan ◽  
Bende Liu ◽  
Cesheng Li ◽  
Huajun Zhang ◽  
Ting Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Oxyhemoglobin Saturation ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
High Level

Currently, there are no approved specific antiviral agents for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, 10 severe patients confirmed by real-time viral RNA test were enrolled prospectively. One dose of 200 mL of convalescent plasma (CP) derived from recently recovered donors with the neutralizing antibody titers above 1:640 was transfused to the patients as an addition to maximal supportive care and antiviral agents. The primary endpoint was the safety of CP transfusion. The second endpoints were the improvement of clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters within 3 d after CP transfusion. The median time from onset of illness to CP transfusion was 16.5 d. After CP transfusion, the level of neutralizing antibody increased rapidly up to 1:640 in five cases, while that of the other four cases maintained at a high level (1:640). The clinical symptoms were significantly improved along with increase of oxyhemoglobin saturation within 3 d. Several parameters tended to improve as compared to pretransfusion, including increased lymphocyte counts (0.65 × 109/L vs. 0.76 × 109/L) and decreased C-reactive protein (55.98 mg/L vs. 18.13 mg/L). Radiological examinations showed varying degrees of absorption of lung lesions within 7 d. The viral load was undetectable after transfusion in seven patients who had previous viremia. No severe adverse effects were observed. This study showed CP therapy was well tolerated and could potentially improve the clinical outcomes through neutralizing viremia in severe COVID-19 cases. The optimal dose and time point, as well as the clinical benefit of CP therapy, needs further investigation in larger well-controlled trials.

scholarly journals Association of Underlying Diseases and Clinical Characteristics with Mortality in Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadhossein Zamanian ◽  
Zohre Foroozanfar ◽  
Zhila Izadi ◽  
Samira Jafari ◽  
Hossein Derakhshankhah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Pcr Test

Objectives: The first case of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was reported in Iran in February 2020. Here, we report the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and factors associated with mortality in these patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from February 22, 2020, to March 24, 2020, in Golestan Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. Demographic data including underlying diseases and clinical data including the presenting symptoms, chest computed tomography (CT) scan, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results, and outcomes were extracted from electronic medical records. Simple and multiple logistic regression methods were used to explore the factors associated with mortality. Results: Of 245 patients admitted with COVID-19, 155 (63.30%) were male. The mean age of the subjects was 54.68 ± 19.21. Forty-five (18.48%) patients had underlying diseases. Common symptoms were dyspnea (n = 137; 55.9%), cough (n = 93; 38.0%), and fever (n = 78; 31.8%). All patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT scan (100%), and RT-PCR test results were positive in 87 (35.50%) patients. Of the total admitted cases, 38 (15.5%) patients died during hospitalization. An old age (OR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.06), history of heart disease (OR = 5.07; 95% CI: 1.46 to 17.58), hypertension (OR = 5.82; 95% CI: 1.13 to 30.04), smoking (OR = 11.44; 95% CI: 1.01 to 29.53), history of at least one underlying disease (OR = 3.31; 95%CI: 1.54 to 7.09), and symptoms of decreased consciousness at the time of admission (OR = 24.23; 95% CI: 2.62 to 223.39) were associated with mortality. Also, the symptoms of cough (OR = 0.383; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.88) and fever (OR = 0.278; 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.74) had a negative association with mortality. Conclusions: In the current study, factors including old age, smoking, symptoms of decreased consciousness, and underlying diseases such as heart disease, hypertension, and history of at least one underlying disease were associated with mortality. Factors associated with mortality should be considered so that we can better manage patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Zahraa Qusairy ◽  
Miran Rada
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Supportive Treatment ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has appeared to be one of the biggest global health threats worldwide with no specific therapeutic agents. As of August 2020, over 22.4 million confirmed cases and more than 788,000 deaths have been reported globally, and the toll is expected to increase before the pandemic is over. Given the aggressive nature of their underlying disease, cancer patients seem to be more vulnerable to COVID-19 and various studies have confirmed this hypothesis. Herein, we review the current information regarding the role of cancer in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Moreover, we discuss the effective supportive treatment options for COVID-19 including Dexamethasone, Tocilizumab and Remdesivir and convalescent plasma therapy (CPT), as well as discuss their efficacy in COVID-19 patients with cancer.

scholarly journals Clinical and immunological benefits of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19: insights from a single center open label randomised control trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogiraj Ray ◽  
Shekhar Ranjan Paul ◽  
Purbita Bandopadhyay ◽  
Ranit D’Rozario ◽  
Jafar Sarif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Clinical Benefits

AbstractIntroductionA single center open label phase II randomised control trial was done to assess the pathogen and host-intrinsic factors influencing clinical and immunological benefits of passive immunization using convalescent plasma therapy (CPT), in addition to standard of care (SOC) therapy in severe COVID-19 patients, as compared to patients only on SOC therapy.MethodsConvalescent plasma was collected from patients recovered from COVID-19 following a screening protocol which also included measuring plasma anti SARS-CoV2 spike IgG content. Retrospectively, neutralizing antibody content was measured and proteome was characterized by LC-MS/MS for all convalescent plasma units that were transfused to patients. Severe COVID-19 patients with evidence for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with PaO2/FiO2 ratio 100-300 (moderate ARDS) were recruited and randomised into two parallel arms of SOC and CPT, N=40 in each arm. Peripheral blood samples were collected on the day of enrolment (T1) followed by day3/4 (T2) and day 7 (T3). RT-PCR and sequencing was done for SARS-CoV2 RNA isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs collected at T1. A panel of cytokines and neutralizing antibody content were measured in plasma at all three timepoints. Patients were followed up for 30 days post-admission to assess the primary outcomes of all cause mortality and immunological correlates for clinical benefits.ResultsWhile across all age-groups no statistically significant clinical benefit was registered for patients in the CPT arm, significant immediate mitigation of hypoxia, reduction in hospital stay as well as survival benefit was recorded in severe COVID-19 patients with ARDS aged less than 67 years receiving convalescent plasma therapy. In addition to its neutralizing antibody content a prominent effect of convalescent plasma on attenuation of systemic cytokine levels possibly contributed to its benefits.ConclusionPrecise targeting of severe COVID-19 patients is necessary for reaping the clinical benefits of convalescent plasma therapy.Clinical trial registrationClinical Trial Registry of India No. CTRI/2020/05/025209

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and Neutralizing Antibody Response after the First and Second COVID-19 Pandemic Wave in Croatia

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek ◽  
Vladimir Stevanovic ◽  
Maja Ilic ◽  
Ljubo Barbic ◽  
Krunoslav Capak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Binding Antibody ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Pandemic Wave

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus with a pandemic spread. So far, a total of 358,581 SARS-CoV-2 cases and 8152 deaths were reported in Croatia. We analyzed the seroprevalence and neutralizing (NT) antibody response in the Croatian general population after the first (May–July 2020) and second (December 2020–February 2021) pandemic wave. Initial serological testing was performed using a commercial ELISA, with confirmation of reactive samples by a virus neutralization test (VNT). A significant difference in the overall seroprevalence rate was found after the first (ELISA 2.2%, VNT 0.2%) and second waves (ELISA 25.1%, VNT 18.7%). Seropositive individuals were detected in all age groups, with significant differences according to age. The lowest prevalence of NT antibodies was documented in the youngest (<10 years; 16.1%) and the oldest (60–69/70+ years; 16.0% and 12.8%, respectively) age groups. However, these age groups showed the highest median NT titers (32–64). In other groups, seropositivity varied from 19.3% to 21.5%. A significant weak positive correlation between binding antibody level as detected by ELISA and VNT titer (rho = 0.439, p < 0.001) was observed. SARS-CoV-2 NT antibody titers seem to be age-related, with the highest NT activity in children under 10 years and individuals above 50 years.

scholarly journals Persistence of SARS-COV-2 in body fluids: a bystander or whistle blower

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishani Bora ◽  
Sanjib Gogoi ◽  
Vaishnavi Venkatasubramanian ◽  
Roshan Mathew ◽  
Ritin Mohindra
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Government Authority ◽  
Pcr Test

The novel Coronavirus COVID-19 is wrecking a havoc across the globe and has been declared as a pandemic by WHO. Apart from transmission and shedding of the virus through respiratory secretions in the form of droplets (mainly), several studies have shown the presence of the virus in various samples such as stool, urine and occasionally in blood, semen, tears and breastmilk. Whereas government authority guidelines consider a person as cured from COVID-19 when along with clinical improvement no more virus can be detected primarily on respiratory samples along with clinical improvement; the persistence of the virus in these body fluids even after clinical recovery and negative RT-PCR test results on respiratory samples, has raised many questions about the elusive nature of this novel virus along with the possibility of other routes of transmission of this virus in the community. Although studies performed till now across the globe on persistence of SARSCOV-2 in various body fluids are sparse, in this review we would like to present and analyse the results of those studies performed globally on the aforesaid topic to get a better insight of this side of the COVID-19 story.

scholarly journals Efficacy and side effects of Sputnik V, Sinopharm and AstraZeneca vaccines to stop COVID-19; a review and discussion

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e31-e31
Author(s):  
Nasrin Ghiasi ◽  
Rohollah Valizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Arabsorkhi ◽  
Tahere Sadat Hoseyni ◽  
Korosh Esfandiari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

We believe that vaccination is just a way to eliminate or strongly stop the COVID-19. In this regard, there are several vaccines with different efficacy and side effects. It is urgently required to have some efficient vaccines for the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, international databases were considered for searching relevant articles from 1 January 2020 to 1 May 2021. Keywords were COVID-19, novel coronavirus, 2019- nCoV, coronavirus disease 2019, vaccine, Sputnik V, Gamaleya, Gam-COVID-Vac, Sinopharm, BBIBP-CorV, AstraZeneca, Vaxzevria, Oxford, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and AZD1222. Three Sputnik V, Sinopharm and AstraZeneca vaccines are useful to gain herd immunity. Enough intervals (at least three weeks/21 days) must be considered for sufficient neutralizing antibody titers. What is important is that the vaccination should be accelerated with each of the aforementioned three vaccines to achieve herd immunity in a shorter period of time because all three vaccines provide 100% prevention of severe COVID-19.

scholarly journals An Old Therapy, Convalescent Plasma, for Coronavirus Disease-19: Do We Have All the Answer?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 530-537
Author(s):  
Ahmad Faried ◽  
Wahyu Widowati ◽  
Ruswana Anwar ◽  
Nucki Nursjamsi Hidajat ◽  
Ali Budi Harsono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Review Current

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus (CoV) disease (COVID-19) has become a global health pandemic by early 2020; it has pushed the health-care system to its limit. From the initial estimates, 15% of COVID-19 patients caused by severe acute respiratory CoV 2 syndrome present with severe symptoms and requires hospitalization or even intensive care. There is no specific treatment against COVID-19, particularly for those with severe symptoms. Desperation caused by COVID-19 has driven clinicians to try an alternative therapies with little or even no-evidence previously. Convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) has emerged as a promising COVID-19 therapy. AIM: We aimed to review current state of convalescent plasma therapy. METHODS: We summarize the historical CPT, COVID-19 pathology and evaluate potential of CPT for COVID-19; raising the question regarding routinely administrating CPT to the COVID-19 patients, whether it is safe and effective. RESULTS: From cases in Indonesia and other countries, there is bunch of examples that healthcare workers being negatively stigmatized in case of COVID-19. They lost their rights to have a normal life in this pandemic era. A reasonable basis is found in many literatures to advocate the CPT. Convalescent plasma from COVID-19 patients who had been recovered with high neutralizing antibody titers was reported to be effective on transfusion to other COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION: CPT is one good option to treat COVID-19 patients, but it not without risk; many potential candidate treatment that promising in theory but somehow fall apart when translated into clinical study; only time will tell, including our ongoing CPT clinical study.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Analysis and Comparison of Six Serological Assays up to Eight Months Post-COVID-19 Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Aurélien Aubry ◽  
Baptiste Demey ◽  
Catherine François ◽  
Gilles Duverlie ◽  
Sandrine Castelain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Term Data

Background: There is much data available concerning the initiation of the immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but long-term data are scarce. Methods: We thus longitudinally evaluated and compared the total and neutralizing immune response of 61 patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection up to eight months after diagnosis by RT–PCR using several commercial assays. Results: Among the 208 samples tested, the percentage of seropositivity was comparable between assays up to four months after diagnosis and then tended to be more heterogeneous between assays (p < 0.05). The percentage of patients with a neutralizing titer decreased from 82% before two months postdiagnosis to 57% after six months. This decrease appeared to be more marked for patients under 65 years old and those not requiring hospitalization. The percentage of serology reversion at 6 months was from 11% with the WANTAI total assay to over 39% with the ABBOTT IgG assay. The neutralizing antibody titers decreased in parallel with the decrease of total antibody titers, with important heterogeneity between assays. Conclusions: In conclusion, serological tests show equivalent sensitivity in the first months after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but their performance later, postinfection, must be considered when interpreting the results.

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